Abstract This research have primarily compared with the Shenyang and Dalian in Liaoning. Because most of recent research focused on difference of economical development between the province and other one in China. Actually the difference of economical development also existed in the province of China. This research try to compared the difference of economical development between two cities by national policy¡Busing of foreign direct investment and strategy of city management. The three factors could be analyzed the difference of economical development in Liaoning

This multi-methods research project studies the main leadership practices from the perspectives of teachers in the recent process of curriculum reform and the extent to which these leadership practices motivated their commitment to change. It also investigates the effects of organizational and teachers’ factors on their perceptions of these transformational school leadership practices in Shenyang, a northeast city of China. The first research question explored the transformational leadership model in Chinese school context. Key words relevant to transformational school leadership practices were identified from teachers’ survey answers using content analysis for formulating the Chinese transformational school leadership questionnaire. Additionally, the Chinese transformational school leadership questionnaire was formulated using principal component analysis. Subsequently, the organizational characteristics questionnaire, and the teachers’ commitment to change questionnaire were validated using principal component analysis and reliability analysis for answering remaining two research questions. The second research question investigated the effects of organizational and teachers’ factors on teachers’ perception of transformational school leadership. The results of multiple regression analysis revealed that variables like culture, strategy, environment, and teacher’s age had significant relationships with teachers’ perception of transformational school leadership. Culture, environment, strategy, structure, and teachers’ factors such as age and grade teacher taught had moderate effects on different dimensions of teachers’ perception of transformational school leadership. The third research question examined the effects of transformational school leadership on teachers’ commitment to change. The results of linear regression showed that the effect of transformational school leadership was moderate when transformational school leadership and teachers’ commitment to change were treated as a single variable. Four dimensions of transformational leadership practices together explained the moderate effects on the four dimensions of teachers’ commitment to change respectively, among which the effect of managing the instructional program was the most prominent. This study represents an original attempt to understand how Chinese teachers perceive transformational school leadership, the effects of organizational and personal factors on teachers’ perception of transformational school leadership, and the effects of transformational school leadership on teachers’ commitment to change in the Chinese urban upper secondary school context. This research seeks to contribute to leadership development and school change practices in the Chinese school context.

This multi-methods research project studies the main leadership practices from the perspectives of teachers in the recent process of curriculum reform and the extent to which these leadership practices motivated their commitment to change. It also investigates the effects of organizational and teachers’ factors on their perceptions of these transformational school leadership practices in Shenyang, a northeast city of China. The first research question explored the transformational leadership model in Chinese school context. Key words relevant to transformational school leadership practices were identified from teachers’ survey answers using content analysis for formulating the Chinese transformational school leadership questionnaire. Additionally, the Chinese transformational school leadership questionnaire was formulated using principal component analysis. Subsequently, the organizational characteristics questionnaire, and the teachers’ commitment to change questionnaire were validated using principal component analysis and reliability analysis for answering remaining two research questions. The second research question investigated the effects of organizational and teachers’ factors on teachers’ perception of transformational school leadership. The results of multiple regression analysis revealed that variables like culture, strategy, environment, and teacher’s age had significant relationships with teachers’ perception of transformational school leadership. Culture, environment, strategy, structure, and teachers’ factors such as age and grade teacher taught had moderate effects on different dimensions of teachers’ perception of transformational school leadership. The third research question examined the effects of transformational school leadership on teachers’ commitment to change. The results of linear regression showed that the effect of transformational school leadership was moderate when transformational school leadership and teachers’ commitment to change were treated as a single variable. Four dimensions of transformational leadership practices together explained the moderate effects on the four dimensions of teachers’ commitment to change respectively, among which the effect of managing the instructional program was the most prominent. This study represents an original attempt to understand how Chinese teachers perceive transformational school leadership, the effects of organizational and personal factors on teachers’ perception of transformational school leadership, and the effects of transformational school leadership on teachers’ commitment to change in the Chinese urban upper secondary school context. This research seeks to contribute to leadership development and school change practices in the Chinese school context.

Everest is a creative writing project and an analysis of that project that focuses on the creative writing experience. The creative project is composed of two individual short stories focusing on themes of journeying and personal development. The stories are entitled, “Everest,” and “Shenyang.” They are based on personal experience and important life questions.

中國總體經濟成長快速，物流業規模逐漸擴大，尤其加入WTO之後，對物流業的需求不只是量的增加，更需要質的提升。在金流及物流長久以來皆由國家所掌控下，中國官方終於釋放出第一張民營的物流中心牌照，由中外合資於東北地區成立S保稅物流中心。在全方位物流的定位下，S保稅物流中心不論在地理位置或未來的發展上皆占有舉足輕重之角色。藉由本研究瞭解S保稅物流中心在中國東北的佈局及發展，不僅可以窺探當前中國官方在物流產業上的規劃及建設，更可以深入瞭解中國政策環境及東北目前的開發情況，並凸顯中國東北區位的重要性，有助於未來有意朝大陸發展的企業更加掌握中國大陸地區於物流市場的潛在商機及市場。 / With the growing economic development in China, the domestic market for logistics is getting bigger than ever. Especially after China became a member of World Trade Organization (WTO), what is even more important to the logistic industry is the quality enhancement. Since banking and logistic industries have long time been controlled by the government, a bonded logistic center invested both officially and privately in Shenyang, which is one of the capitals in north-east of China, is no doubt a big step forward. This paper focuses on studying into the set-up of Shenyang Bonded Logistic Center and describing the current conditions in economic and political environment. Several logistic centers are also discussed in this paper. Through the study a lot of information is organized in the hope of offering a good reference for those who are seeking an opportunity in logistic operations in China. Some suggestions and recommendations for further studies are provided as well in the end of this paper.

Three field sites were chosen to study the environmental assimilative capacity of heavy metals in soil. These sites were the Werribee Farm and the Myome Farm in Australia and Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation Area in China. The Werribee Farm and the Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation Area received sewage treatment and application on land for a long time. The Myome farm is an experimental site in which investigations on land application of municipal wastewater on water repellent soils is currently being trailed. Heavy metal contamination, in particular Cr, Cu and Zn, in the Land Filtration soil of Werribee Farm was widespread. More than a century of sewage irrigation has occurred in the Werribee Farm. The temporal distribution pattern of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the soil at this site follow an exponential trend with time and the spatial distribution pattern of accumulation of heavy metals in different paddocks correlates with the number of years of sewage irrigation at that site in the Farm. Extensive sewage irrigation at Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation Area resulted in significant Cd pollution in soil-plant (rice) system and poses a significant threat to the health of local people. Even after eight years since cessation of sewage irrigation, the bioavailable fractions of Cd in the soil as analyzed by sequential extraction techniques were very high thus illustrating long-term persistence. The simultaneous competitive adsorption of metals in water repellent soils (at Myome Farm in South Australia) was studied. In the competitive situation, Cr, Pb and Cu are the heavy metal cations more strongly adsorbed by the soil, whereas Cd, Ni and Zn are the least adsorbed. The increase in Freundlich adsorption capacity by clay amendment suggested that clayed soils are capable sorption of higher heavy metal loadings compared to the non-clayed water repellent soil, which is more vulnerable to heavy metal inputs. A simple model of environmental assimilative capacity is proposed. The results of comparison of the three field sites shows that the Werribee Farm has a higher environmental assimilative capacity of heavy metals in soil than the soils at Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation Area and Myome Farm, however heavy metal contamination at Werribee Farm is still a concern. The model of environmental assimilative capacity of heavy metals in soil is an effective tool to assist management of effluent applied land irrigation systems and can be used to better design environmental engineering systems.