The current study has evaluated shoreline dynamics and environmental change at St. Catherines Island, Georgia, with attention to the two major controls of barrier island formation and modification processes. These major controls include the increase in accommodation space, or the rate of sea level rise for the Georgia Bight which has remained constant in 20th and 21st century tide gauge data and dynamically changing rates of sediment supply based on anthropogenic modifications to land cover (Trimble, 1974) that are reflected in sediment transport (McCarney-Castle et al., 2010). Vibracoring and radiocarbon data provided valuable insights into the stratigraphy and development of St. Catherines Island. A stratigraphic model has been developed for the sediments associated with the Late Holocene accretional terrains where multiple small scale fluctuations in sea level have resulted in the formation of a sedimentary veneer punctuated with transgressive surfaces and regressive sequences. A working model for an interpolated Late Holocene sea level curve has been constructed using direct evidence from vibracore data as constraining points and indirect evidence from other regional sea level studies to provide additional structure. The relationship between the timing of the regressions versus periods of beach ridge formation and implications from the current shoreline dynamics study regarding the role of sediment supply complement each other. The ages of beach ridge formation strongly correlate to periods that are associated with regressions in sea level based on the sedimentary record and an evaluation of Late Holocene sea level conditions. The evaluation of anthropogenic modifications to the rate of sediment supply performed under the current study indicates that in spite of significant changes in sediment flux rates of +300% (pre-dam era) and -20% (post-dam era), shoreline retreat was continuous during the study period with an acceleration noted in the rates of shoreline retreat associated with spit and berm landforms during the post-dam or modern era. The two associations indicate strongly that the rate of sediment supply plays a secondary role to the major control of the rate of sea level rise in the formation and modification processes at St. Catherines Island.

The current study has evaluated shoreline dynamics and environmental change at St. Catherines Island, Georgia, with attention to the two major controls of barrier island formation and modification processes. These major controls include the increase in accommodation space, or the rate of sea level rise for the Georgia Bight which has remained constant in 20th and 21st century tide gauge data and dynamically changing rates of sediment supply based on anthropogenic modifications to land cover (Trimble, 1974) that are reflected in sediment transport (McCarney-Castle et al., 2010). Vibracoring and radiocarbon data provided valuable insights into the stratigraphy and development of St. Catherines Island. A stratigraphic model has been developed for the sediments associated with the Late Holocene accretional terrains where multiple small scale fluctuations in sea level have resulted in the formation of a sedimentary veneer punctuated with transgressive surfaces and regressive sequences. A working model for an interpolated Late Holocene sea level curve has been constructed using direct evidence from vibracore data as constraining points and indirect evidence from other regional sea level studies to provide additional structure. The relationship between the timing of the regressions versus periods of beach ridge formation and implications from the current shoreline dynamics study regarding the role of sediment supply complement each other. The ages of beach ridge formation strongly correlate to periods that are associated with regressions in sea level based on the sedimentary record and an evaluation of Late Holocene sea level conditions. The evaluation of anthropogenic modifications to the rate of sediment supply performed under the current study indicates that in spite of significant changes in sediment flux rates of +300% (pre-dam era) and -20% (post-dam era), shoreline retreat was continuous during the study period with an acceleration noted in the rates of shoreline retreat associated with spit and berm landforms during the post-dam or modern era. The two associations indicate strongly that the rate of sediment supply plays a secondary role to the major control of the rate of sea level rise in the formation and modification processes at St. Catherines Island.

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the shoreline dynamics and environmental change of St. Catherines Island shoreline through the application of an updated shoreline model (1859-2017). Efforts were completed to document and quantify the impacts to the nearshore environments of the island from Hurricane Matthew (07-08 October 2016). This was accomplished through the measurement of Net Shoreline Movement (NSM) that was performed along the shoreface at 200-meter spacings by using aerial imagery and ground-collected GPS data. The Hurricane Matthew NSM data along with the short-term shoreline rates were used to calculate the years of change along the shoreline in response to the storm, indicating that the storm represented an average of 3.7 years of average erosion. A spatial analysis of impacts conducted along the shoreline revealed major habitat losses within the study area of 66.5 acres and the limited accretion of 3.7 acres.