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Thesis (M.A.)--Columbia International University, 2003. / Abstract. Portions of appendix in Indonesian and English. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-148).

Thesis (M.A.)--Columbia International University, 2003. / Abstract. Portions of appendix in Indonesian and English. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-148).

Thesis (M.A.)--Columbia International University, 2003. / Abstract. Portions of appendix in Indonesian and English. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-148).

At the famous Lan Kwai Fong area in Central, there exists a small red shrine that does not fit into the surrounding environment. Owing to its intimacy and convenience, people are fond of worshipping at this communal street shrine and it becomes one of the interesting street scenes in Hong Kong. This unique type of communal street shrines is commonly found in old urban districts of Hong Kong. Many of them have existed more than hundred years and have a specific group of worshippers. The worshippers voluntarily manage the daily operation of these shrines. For some larger shines, the voluntary managers organize different celebrations and ceremonies at the shrines every year. Due to the influence of globalization on the new generations and redevelopment at old urban districts, the voluntary support for these shrines in communities is gradually diminishing. The existence of these street shrines is much related to old communities that are being rapidly phased out by urban redevelopment. In UNESCO terms, these shrines can be considered as an “Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding.” This dissertation is only a starting point that may lead to ways to safeguard these endangered shrines. It does so by making an inventory of communal street shrines located in old urban districts on Hong Kong Island. Further studies are needed to thoroughly understand the heritage significance of these communal street shrines to the worshippers and nearby neighborhood as well as the social influence upon them. This dissertation emphasizes on the first step of the conservation process – documentation. It is with well-researched documentation that Hong Kong’s communal street shrines can be identified as the foci for safeguarding. / published_or_final_version / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation

Thesis (J.C.L.)--Catholic University of America, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 56-57).

Thesis (J.C.L.)--Catholic University of America, 1996. / This is an electronic reproduction of TREN, #029-0358. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 56-57).

In Hong Kong, the legislation to protect Declared Monuments is the Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance (Chapter 53), which was enacted in 1976 for the protection of Hong Kong’s heritages. While the Ordinance protects the Declared Monuments, it also prohibits any work being carried out on the Monuments except under permit granted by the Antiquities Authority (a role held by the Secretary for Development). This causes a lot of extra time and effort in carrying out repair and maintenance work on these Monuments. 　　 Besides Declared Monuments, Hong Kong also has an inventory of Graded Historic Buildings, in which such buildings are given Grade I, II and III status with the first grade being of “outstanding merit,” the second of “special merit” and third grade of “some merits.” However, these Graded Historic Buildings have no legal protection, and there is no restriction in the way work is carried out. Under this situation, owners or users of Graded Historic Buildings can carry out their own repair and maintenance work without due consideration of the buildings’ heritage significance. Such heritage insensitive work is most problematic for traditional Chinese heritage buildings mostly found in villages of the New Territories, such as ancestral halls, temples, study halls, village houses and pagodas. Many villagers do not have enough knowledge in repairing and maintaining their heritage buildings, and they employ unsuitable contractors and workers, who carry out the repair and maintenance like the renovation of a modern building. Another problem is that the villagers may not realize the important features of their historic buildings and just replace any damaged or worn parts with new one using modern materials and techniques. They do not have in-depth consideration for the heritage values of the buildings. They think that they can minimize future repair and maintenance problem by shortcuts. For example, paint is applied to fair-face green-brick walls, cement sand mortar is used to repair brick joints. Such works affect the appearance of the historic buildings as well as accelerate the deterioration of the historic building fabric. As explained above, the repair and maintenance of a traditional Chinese heritage building can only be properly done when there is good understanding of the traditional materials and techniques involved. The scope of this dissertation is to contribute to this understanding by documenting the detailed restoration work of a traditional Chinese heritage building type in Hong Kong. The ancestral hall is chosen because it is arguably the most important village building type. The dissertation will focus on a case example – the Tang Ancestral Hall at Ha Tsuen, a Declared Monument. This case is chosen because the author, as a technical staff of the Antiquities and Monuments Office, has been personally involved in the restoration work as well as repair and maintenance work carried out on this building from 2008 to 2014. It would be too large a topic if every detail of the restoration work is documented, and this would exceed the limits of this dissertation. A more feasible scope is to focus on a part of the restoration process to provide a starting point for future researchers to complete the documentation on other parts of the restoration. The restoration of the roof is chosen, because for a traditional building with tile-roof, brick walls and timber structures, the roof is arguably the most important component of the work process. / published_or_final_version / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation

Thesis (M. Arch.)--Carleton University, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-108). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

The shrine of Sufi saint Lal Shahbaz Qalandar is located in the rural city of Sehwan in Sindh, Pakistan. Sehwan is a site of pilgrimage for thousands of devotees at the annual festival known as urs, spanning three days to commemorate the death anniversary of the saint. Men, women, and transgender participants engage in many rituals at the urs among which the prominent is devotional dancing called dhamaal. This thesis project relates sacredness of spaces and hyper-reality of the festival with the performances of rituals that involve diverse publics. At the urs and otherwise, the shrine space provides devotees, largely poor, a collective non-verbal expression in the form of dhamaal. Dhamaal gives expression to the body in a society that does not normally encourage such expressions in the public sphere. This thesis argues that the Sufi discourse in Sehwan makes the body of a devotee an expressive body.