Currently includes the gene pool Achillea L. and 16 kinds of natural hybrids. In 2013 were monitored 4 characters of the modified proposed descriptor for the genus Achillea. These features are stem length, leaf length, leaf width and the width of inflorescence. In addition to these morphological features were also observed signs of qualitative and essential oil content.

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No description available.

Il a été prêté beaucoup d'attention à l’hétérogénéisation de hétéropolycomposés en accord avec les principes de la chimie verte. Dans ce travail, nous nous concentrons sur l'encapsulation des hétéropolyacides (HPA) type Keggin et polyoxométalates type Keplerate. Deux HPA type Keggin (H3PW12O40 et H3PMo12O40) ont été encapsulés dans MIL-101 (Cr) et MIL-100 (Fe) en utilisant des méthodologies différentes. Les propriétés physiques et structurales de ces catalyseurs ont été caractérisées par différentes techniques. Par la suite leurs propriétés catalytiques ont été mesurées pour l'estérification de l'acide acétique par le n-butanol et l'époxydation de cyclooctène, ces deux réactions étant utilisées en tant que réactions-modèle. Pour cette dernière réaction, le catalyseur HPMo@MIL-101 (Cr) a permis d’obtenir plus de 70% de conversion de cyclooctène et aucune diminution significative de l'activité après trois recyclages. Au contraire, pour HPMo@MIL-100 (Fe) une lixiviation de l’HPA hors du MOF a été systématiquement observée. Enfin, la possibilité d'encapsuler un Keplerate {Mo132} dans de la silice MCM-48 fonctionnalisée par des groupements propylamino a été réalisée. D'après les résultats, il ne peut pas être mis en évidence que la structure Keplerate a été formée avec succès dans la porosité de la silice. La DRX aux bas angles suggère même un effondrement de la structure de la silice mésoporeuse ce qui est contredit par les résultats de l’adsorption / désorption d’N2. Les propriétés catalytiques de ce catalyseur dans l'époxydation du cyclooctène ont été étudiées, mais le Keplerate {Mo132} est immédiatement décomposé en présence de peroxyde d'hydrogène. / Heterogenization of Heteropolycompounds has been paid much attention due to their accordance to the principles of Green Chemistry. In this work, we focus on the encapsulation Keggin-type heteropolyacids (HPA) and Keplerate -type {Mo132}. Two Keggin-type HPAs (namely H3PW12O40 and H3PMo12O40) were encapsulated into two types of MOFs (MIL-101(Cr) and MIL-100(Fe)). The physical and structural properties of these catalysts and their catalytic properties were studied. HPW@MIL-101(Cr) was not very promising neither in terms of activity nor in terms of reusability in the esterification of butanol and acetic acid. However, HPMo@MIL-101(Cr) had a good performance in the epoxidation of cyclooctene with more than 70% conversion and no significant decrease in activity after 3-run recycling. Nevertheless, the leaching of HPMo took place during the epoxidation of cyclooctene catalyzed by HPMo@MIL-100(Fe). Finally, an attempt to encapsulate Keplerate-type {Mo132} into porous silica MCM-48 was done. Despite various approaches, encapsulated Keplerate was not obtained, whereby several hypotheses were evoked including that the Keplerate was lost during the final washing step. In order to explore the hypothesis of the leaching of {Mo132} by washing, the functionalization of MCM-48 using propylamino groups was performed to try to immobilize {Mo132} by an ionic linkage. The low angle XRD suggested the structural collapse of the silica framework – in contradiction to N2-absorption/desorption. The catalytic properties of {Mo132} in the epoxidation of cyclooctene were studied, but the {Mo132} Keplerate decomposed immediately in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.

En esta tesis se analizan las interacciones existentes entre las superficies de la sílica, particularmente los planos cristalográficos característicos de la β-cristobalita, y distintas moléculas de uso farmacéutico; mediante el estudio de las características estructurales y las propiedades electrónicas (las energías de enlace, las distancias de enlace, las Densidades de Estados (DOS) y las cargas electrónicas, entre otras), obtenidas de estudios teóricos computacionales realizados en el marco de la teoría del funcional de la densidad (DFT). Determinando así la naturaleza de las fuerzas de unión, se intentan establecer las condiciones óptimas para propiciar la adsorción en cada una de las superficies estudiadas. Inicialmente se estudia la adsorción de la droga ampyra en las superficies hidroxiladas SiO2 (111) y (100). A continuación, se analizan las interacciones entre el fármaco nedaplatino y la superficie SiO2(001) hidratada, deshidratada y funcionalizada con el grupo trimetilsilano. Para mejorar el desempeño en la superficie SiO2(111) para la adsorción de ampicilina se examina la superficie funcionalizada con el grupo amino y se analizan los cambios en la adsorción con la variación del pH. También se estudia el comportamiento de la silica al adsorber 5-fluorouracilo y se compara con la adsorción en grafeno. Finalmente se realiza un estudio teórico-experimental sobre las características adsorbentes del paracetamol en la silica a diferente pH y fuerza iónica. / In this thesis, the interactions between the surfaces of the silica, particularly the characteristic β-cristobalite crystallographic planes, and different pharmaceutical molecules were analyzed through the study of the structural characteristics and electronic properties (the bond energies, the bond distances, the Densities of States (DOS), the electronic charge, among others), obtained from Density Functional Theory (DFT) computational theoretical studies. Thus, determining the nature of the bonding forces, it is pretended to establish the optimal conditions to promote the adsorption in each studied surfaces. Initially, the adsorption of ampyra on the hydroxylated SiO2(111) and (100) surfaces was studied. Next, the interactions between nedaplatin and the SiO2(001) surface hydrated, dehydrated and functionalized with trimethylsilane group were analyzed. To improve the performance of the SiO2(111) on ampicillin adsorption, the surface was functionalized with amino group and it was analyzed the changes on adsorption varying the pH. The behavior of silica in adsorbing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is also investigated and compared with the 5-FU adsorption on graphene. Finally, it is performed a theoretical-experimental study of the adsorbent characteristics of paracetamol on silica at different pH and ionic strength.

Thèse doctorat : Matériaux Polymères et Composites : Villeurbanne, INSA : 2003. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Réf. bibliogr. à la fin de chaque chapitre.

Thèse doctorat : Matériaux Polymères et Composites : Villeurbanne, INSA : 2006. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. en fin de chapitre.

Thèse doctorat : Matériaux Polymères et Composites : Villeurbanne, INSA : 2005. / Thèse rédigée en anglais. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 295-306.

Reproduction de : Thèse d'exercice : Médecine. Médecine du travail : Nantes : 2009. / Bibliogr.

This dissertation aims to introduce essential oils as effective antimicrobial substances suitable for food preservation, focusing on the shelf life of meat. Meat is food which is - due to its high nutrient content - susceptible to microbial spoilage. Decaying of meat can be delayed by the selection of appropriate preservation methods. Nowadays there are increasingly used preservative modern methods which differ from classical preservatives procedures mainly in the consideration to the food. As very promising method can be considered preservation by essential oils. In the experimental part of this thesis the effect of encapsulated essential oils into the clay nanoparticles for the shelf life of fresh chicken meat is assessed. For the purpose of the experiment thyme essential oil and oil of savory in two different concentrations (oil:nanoclay - 1:5, 1:10 w/w) were used. Pieces of chicken meat (5 g) were inoculated with Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 13076) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and then coated with the clay nanoparticles with the encapsulated essential oils. That treated meat was stored at 4 °C and assessed at 1st, 7th and 14th day of storage, together with three controls. Samples of the chicken meat were explored in terms of microbiological parameters and their inhibitive effect against pathogenic bacteria was examined. Samples were also subjected to sensory analysis, which should provide potential impact of essential oils on the organoleptic characteristics of meat. The results confirmed the antimicrobial activity of both essential oils against pathogenic bacteria. Thyme essential oil, however, showed greater inhibitory activity compared with oil of savory. Thyme essential oil has reduced in both tested bacteria their number in more than 3.5 log CFU.g-1 compared to the controls. Less favorable results were observed in the case of sensory analysis, because in terms of organoleptic characteristics the concentrations of oils were not accepted positively by the assessors. The samples treated with essential oils had undesirable bitter and pungent taste. This work confirmed the antimicrobial activity of thyme and savory essential oils, which can be used for preservation of fresh meat. But the real application of the essential oils in food may be significantly limited by their impact on the organoleptic characteristics of the product.