Ph.D. / This study comprises the preparation and characterization of new carbene complexes of iron, molybdenum, gold, copper and silver from azolyl and thienyl precursors. In addition, the syntheses of aminoacyl chelate and metallacyclic iron compounds as well as unique 6-membered dimeric and 18-membered trimeric thienyl gold compounds are reported. Furthermore, di(vinyl)carbene complexes, which are not yet known for gold and which are very rare for most other metals, are also described. In contrast to most other carbene complexes that result from precursors in which the heteroatom is situated a or y to the coordinated carbon atom, the new amino(organo)-, organo(thio)- and di(organo) carbene complexes are unique in that they have been prepared from azolyl or thienyl precursors in which the nucleophilic heteroatom is located outside the coordinated ring system and is separated from the coordinated carbon by several bonds. The complex [CpFe(CO)2C1] reacts with lithiated pyrazole, (thienyl)oxazoline or (thienyl)pyridine to form precursor pyrazolyl and thienyl iron(II) compounds which upon alkylation or protonation with CF3SO3Me or CF3SO3H afford amino(organo)-, organo(thio)- or heterometallacyclic alkoxy(amino)- and hydroxy(amino)carbene complexes as well as compounds which show pyridinium character. The heterometallacyclic complexes incorporate unusual ferropyridine or ferropyrole rings. ' 3C-{'}I} NAIR data of the above compounds show that the coordinated carbons of the azolyl and thienyl ligands are significantly affected upon carbene formation, although an X-ray crystallographic investigation indicates that carbene formation has little if any effect on bond distances in the azolyl ligand when it becomes a coordinated azolinylidene. The molecular structures of the pyrazolyl complex [CpFe(C0) 2{C=CHCH=NNPh}], the pyrazolinylidene complex [CPFe(C0) 2{CCHHNHI4P11}1[CF3S03], the 2-(2'-oxazolinyl)thien- 5-ylidene complex [CpFe(C0)2{CCHHC(1\1HCMe2CH26)}1[CF3S03] and the heterometallacyclic complex [CpFe(C0){CC(=&CMe 2CH2(5)SCH---9-1)] indicate small variations in iron-carbon distances of 1.981(2), 1.969(5), 1.99(1) and 1.959(7) A. Four equivalents of 2-(4',5'-dihydro-4',4'-dimethy1-2'-oxazolinyl)thien-3-yllithium reacts with the acetate [Mo2(O2CMe)4] to form the stable, neutral, quadruply bonded dimolybdenum complex [Mo2{C=C(6=NCMe2CH26)SCH2CH2} 2(02CMe)2], while 4-methylthiazoly1 lithium reacts with the same acetate to form the unstable, thiazolyl molybdate [Mo 2{6=NCMe—Cfg} 8]4". Reaction of [AuCI(tht)] (tetrahydrothiophene) with 2-(4',5'-dihydro-4',4'-dimethy1-2'-oxazoliny1)- thien-3-yllithium or 2-(4',5'-dihydro-4',4'-dimethy1-2'-oxazolinyl)thien-5-yllithium afforded dimeric and trimeric thienyl oligomers of gold(I). The molecular structure of the six-membered dimeric compound [Au{C=C(=NCMe 2CH2O)SCH=CH}li shows a Au...Au separation of 2.8450(6)A, while such interactions are absent in the trimeric compound [Au{C=C(C=NCMe2CH2O)SCH=CH}] 3 . Protonation of the former compound as well as the stable monomers obtained from [Au(tht)C 6F5] or [Au(Cl)PPh 3J afforded unique di(vinyl)carbene as well as imine complexes. Reaction of 2-(2'-pyridyl)thien-5-yllithium with [Au(COPPh 3] and subsequent alkylation yields an organo(thio)carbene compound. Finally, a series of cationic copper(I) bis(carbene) complexes were formed upon sequential treatment of copper(I) trifluoromethanesulfonate with thiazolyl- or pyrazolyllithium and CF3SO3Me. A similar reaction with 4-methylthiazol-2-yllithium and silver triflate produced the first amino(thio)carbene complex of silver.

[From Introduction] The first step in the study of the thermal decompositions of solids is an examination of the kinetics, since this casts much light on the mechanism of the reaction. It must be borne in mind, however, that a theoretical expression, derived on the basis of a particular mechanism, even if it fits the observed experimental results, is not conclusive proof of the validity of the mechanism when applied to the decomposition under examination.

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O presente estudo avaliou a ação in vitro de diferentes nanopartículas de prata (nanoAg) sintetizadas pelo Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas (IPT) e Universidade Federal de São Carlos (IFSC) e controles de sulfadiazina de prata, nitrato de prata e nanoAg comercial Sigma, frente a bactérias e leveduras. Os objetivos do estudo foram avaliar a ação in vitro de NanoAg sintetizadas no Brasil frente a bactérias sensíveis aos antimicrobianos e multirresistentes (MR), incluindo Gram positivos e negativos, além de candidas isoladas de amostras clínicas. Definir as condições de síntese que resultem em nanoAg com melhor efeito antimicrobiano in vitro frente a isolados sensíveis e MR. Foram utilizadas diferentes metodologias tais como agar well diffusion, determinação de concentração inibitória mínima CIM, concentração bactericida mínima (CBM), curva do tempo de morte e inibição da formação de biofilme. Ao todo, foram avaliados 110 isolados, sendo 37 sensíveis aos antimicrobianos, 54 MR, e 19 candidas frente a 29 nanoAg com diferentes características de síntese. Os testes de difusão em meio sólido apresentaram heterogeneidade de resultados frente aos micro-organismos avaliados. Enquanto as informações de CIM50 e CIM90 evidenciaram não existir variações no efeito inibitório frente isolados sensíveis ou resistentes aos antimicrobianos. As curvas do tempo de morte ilustraram a dinâmica de inibição dos compostos de prata e a interferência do sangue nos testes in vitro. A partir dos testes com biofilme foi possível observar efeito inibitório e de descolamento de biofilme previamente formado. Os resultados permitiram concluir a maior eficácia para nanoAg com Citrato e Quitosana, seguido por nitrato de prata, sulfadiazina de prata e PVA. A NanoAg comercial (Sigma, 60 nm) apresentou resultados inferiores ao de nanoAg Citrato, nanoAg Quitosana e nitrato de prata. Estes resultados abrem caminho para novas análises de nanoAg sintetizadas no Brasil em busca de produtos com maior eficácia com ação contra bactérias MR e candidas / The present study evaluated the in vitro action of different silver nanoparticles (nanoAg) synthesized by \"Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas\" (IPT) and \"Universidade Federal de São Carlos\" (IFSC) and silver sulfadiazine, silver nitrate and commercial nanoAg Sigma against bacteria and yeasts. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the in vitro action of NanoAg synthesized in Brazil against antimicrobial susceptible bacteria and multidrug-resistant (MDR), including Gram positive and negative, as well as some candida isolates from clinical source. Define the conditions that result in nanoAg synthesis with best in vitro antimicrobial effect against sensitive isolates and MDR. Different methodologies were used such as agar well diffusion, determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (CBM), the time-kill curve and inhibition of biofilm formation. Altogether 110 isolates were evaluated, being 37 antimicrobial sensitive, 54 MDR, and 19 candidas, against 29 nanoAg with different synthesis. The solid medium diffusion tests showed heterogeneity of results against the evaluated microorganisms. While the information of MIC50 and MIC90 showed no changes in inhibitory effect against sensitive isolates or MDR. The time-kill curve illustrated the dynamics of inhibition of silver compounds and the interference of blood on the in vitro tests. From the tests with biofilm was possible to observe biofilm inhibitory effect and detachment of biofilm previously formed. The conclusion defined to greater effectiveness for nanoAg with Chitosan and Citrate, followed by silver nitrate, silver sulfadiazine and PVA. The commercial NanoAg (Sigma, 60 nm) presented lower performance than nanoAg citrate, nanoAg Chitosan and silver nitrate. These results open the way for new analyses of Brazil synthetized nanoAg with better efficiency against MDR bacterial and candida

O presente estudo avaliou a ação in vitro de diferentes nanopartículas de prata (nanoAg) sintetizadas pelo Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas (IPT) e Universidade Federal de São Carlos (IFSC) e controles de sulfadiazina de prata, nitrato de prata e nanoAg comercial Sigma, frente a bactérias e leveduras. Os objetivos do estudo foram avaliar a ação in vitro de NanoAg sintetizadas no Brasil frente a bactérias sensíveis aos antimicrobianos e multirresistentes (MR), incluindo Gram positivos e negativos, além de candidas isoladas de amostras clínicas. Definir as condições de síntese que resultem em nanoAg com melhor efeito antimicrobiano in vitro frente a isolados sensíveis e MR. Foram utilizadas diferentes metodologias tais como agar well diffusion, determinação de concentração inibitória mínima CIM, concentração bactericida mínima (CBM), curva do tempo de morte e inibição da formação de biofilme. Ao todo, foram avaliados 110 isolados, sendo 37 sensíveis aos antimicrobianos, 54 MR, e 19 candidas frente a 29 nanoAg com diferentes características de síntese. Os testes de difusão em meio sólido apresentaram heterogeneidade de resultados frente aos micro-organismos avaliados. Enquanto as informações de CIM50 e CIM90 evidenciaram não existir variações no efeito inibitório frente isolados sensíveis ou resistentes aos antimicrobianos. As curvas do tempo de morte ilustraram a dinâmica de inibição dos compostos de prata e a interferência do sangue nos testes in vitro. A partir dos testes com biofilme foi possível observar efeito inibitório e de descolamento de biofilme previamente formado. Os resultados permitiram concluir a maior eficácia para nanoAg com Citrato e Quitosana, seguido por nitrato de prata, sulfadiazina de prata e PVA. A NanoAg comercial (Sigma, 60 nm) apresentou resultados inferiores ao de nanoAg Citrato, nanoAg Quitosana e nitrato de prata. Estes resultados abrem caminho para novas análises de nanoAg sintetizadas no Brasil em busca de produtos com maior eficácia com ação contra bactérias MR e candidas / The present study evaluated the in vitro action of different silver nanoparticles (nanoAg) synthesized by \"Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas\" (IPT) and \"Universidade Federal de São Carlos\" (IFSC) and silver sulfadiazine, silver nitrate and commercial nanoAg Sigma against bacteria and yeasts. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the in vitro action of NanoAg synthesized in Brazil against antimicrobial susceptible bacteria and multidrug-resistant (MDR), including Gram positive and negative, as well as some candida isolates from clinical source. Define the conditions that result in nanoAg synthesis with best in vitro antimicrobial effect against sensitive isolates and MDR. Different methodologies were used such as agar well diffusion, determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (CBM), the time-kill curve and inhibition of biofilm formation. Altogether 110 isolates were evaluated, being 37 antimicrobial sensitive, 54 MDR, and 19 candidas, against 29 nanoAg with different synthesis. The solid medium diffusion tests showed heterogeneity of results against the evaluated microorganisms. While the information of MIC50 and MIC90 showed no changes in inhibitory effect against sensitive isolates or MDR. The time-kill curve illustrated the dynamics of inhibition of silver compounds and the interference of blood on the in vitro tests. From the tests with biofilm was possible to observe biofilm inhibitory effect and detachment of biofilm previously formed. The conclusion defined to greater effectiveness for nanoAg with Chitosan and Citrate, followed by silver nitrate, silver sulfadiazine and PVA. The commercial NanoAg (Sigma, 60 nm) presented lower performance than nanoAg citrate, nanoAg Chitosan and silver nitrate. These results open the way for new analyses of Brazil synthetized nanoAg with better efficiency against MDR bacterial and candida

Soft-landing ion mobility has applicability in a variety of areas. The ability to produce material and collect a sufficient amount for further analysis and applications is the key goal of this technique. Soft-landing ion mobility has provided a way to deposit material in a controllable fashion, and can be tailored to specific applications. Changing the conditions at which soft-landing ion mobility occurs effects the characteristics of the resulting particles (size, distribution/coverage on the surface). Longer deposition times generated more material on the surface; however, higher pressures increased material loss due to diffusion. Larger particles were landed when using higher pressures, and increased laser energy at ablation. The utilization of this technique for the deposition of silver clusters has provided a solvent free matrix application technique for MALDI-MS. The low kinetic energy of incident ions along with the solvent free nature of soft-landing ion mobility lead to a technique capable of imaging sensitive samples and low mass analysis. The lack of significant interference as seen by traditional organic matrices is avoided with the use of metallic particles, providing a major enhancement in the ability to analyze low mass compounds by MALDI.