Inaug.-diss.--Basel. / "Die arbeit erschien in demselben wortlaut in der 'Schweiz, apotheker zeitung' 1918." Includes bibliographical references.

Inaug.-diss.--Basel. / "Die arbeit erschien in demselben wortlaut in der 'Schweiz, apotheker zeitung' 1918." Includes bibliographical references.

Simaba, as traditionally and currently circumscribed, is the largest genus in the Simaroubaceae and is mostly restricted to tropical South America with a few species extending northward into Central America. The genus encompasses a large morphological heterogeneity, expressed in the vegetative and reproductive morphology, and many of its species are narrow endemics, most of them poorly known. Our phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequence data from two nuclear ribosomal spacer regions (ITS and ETS) and three plastid regions (rps16 intron, and intergenic spacers psbA-trnH and trnL-trnF), including a comprehensive sampling of species of Simaba and closely related genera, show that Simaba as traditionally circumscribed is not monophyletic, with taxa segregated into two strongly supported but distinct clades. Also, we performed ancestral character reconstructions to identify morphological characters that could serve as synapomorphies for major clades. Based on the results of the phylogenetic analyses performed, a division of Simaba s.l. into two distinct genera is here proposed. The clade composed by species of Simaba sect. Tenuiflorae Engl., which includes the type species of Simaba, is here proposed to be recognized as Simaba sensu stricto, while the species of Simaba formerly included in S. sect. Grandiflorae Engl. and S. sect. Floribundae Engl. form a distinct lineage that will be recognized as members of another genus, Homalolepis Turcz., a taxon currently treated in synonymy of Simaba. As here circumscribed, Simaba s.s. comprises approximately 10 species distributed mostly in the Amazonian region, and Homalolepis comprises 28 species with mostly extra-Amazonian distribution, mainly in the cerrado and Atlantic forest domains. In addition to molecular data support, several morphological characters corroborate the recognition of the two clades as distinct lineages. We provide a synopsis of Simaba s.s., including an emended description of the genus, the description of four new species, complete nomenclature for each accepted species, including new lectotypifications. We also present a taxonomic treatment of Homalolepis, with a key for two sections and species, data on nomenclatural types, including new lectotypifications and one epitype, complete synonymy, full morphological descriptions, including two new species, etymology of species names, common names and uses, illustrations and photos of live specimens, as well as comments on phenology, taxonomy and nomenclature. Distribution maps are provided for each species, along with biogeographical and ecological comments / Simaba, como tradicionalmente circunscrito, é o maior gênero de Simaroubaceae e é principalmente restrito à América do Sul tropical, com algumas espécies que se estendem para o norte na América Central. O gênero engloba uma grande heterogeneidade morfológica, expressa tanto na morfologia vegetativa quanto reprodutiva, e muitas de suas espécies são endêmicas, estreitamente distribuídas, muitas delas ainda pouco conhecidas. Nossas análises filogenéticas baseadas em dados de sequências de DNA de duas regiões espaçadoras ribossômicas nucleares (ITS e ETS) e três regiões plastidiais (rps16 intron e espaçadores intergênicos psbA-trnH e trnL-trnF), incluindo uma amostragem abrangente de espécies de Simaba e gêneros proximamente relacionados, mostra que Simaba como tradicionalmente circunscrito não é monofilético, com os táxons segregados em dois clados fortemente sustentados e distintos. Também realizamos reconstruções de caracteres ancestrais para identificar caracteres morfológicos que poderiam servir como sinapomorfias para os principais clados. Com base nos resultados das análises filogenéticas realizadas, uma divisão de Simaba s.l. em dois gêneros distintos é aqui proposta. Propomos aqui que o clado composto pelas espécies de Simaba sect. Tenuiflorae Engl., que inclui a espécie-tipo de Simaba, seja reconhecido como Simaba sensu stricto, enquanto as espécies de Simaba anteriormente incluídas em S. sect. Grandiflorae Engl. e S. sect. Floribundae Engl. formam uma linhagem distinta que será reconhecida como um outro gênero, Homalolepis Turcz., um táxon atualmente tratado em sinonímia de Simaba. Como aqui circunscrito, Simaba s.s. compreende aproximadamente 10 espécies distribuídas majoritariamente na região Amazônica, e Homalolepis compreende 28 espécies com distribuição predominantemente extra-Amazônica, principalmente nos domínios do Cerrado e da Floresta Atlântica. Além da sustentação dada pelos dados moleculares, vários caracteres morfológicos corroboram o reconhecimento desse dois clados como linhagens distintas. Apresentamos aqui uma sinopse de Simaba s.s., incluindo uma descrição emendada do gênero, a descrição de quatro novas espécies, nomenclatura completa de cada espécie aceita, incluindo novas lectotipificações. Apresentamos também uma revisão taxonômica de Homalolepis, com chave para duas seções e espécies, dados sobre tipos nomenclaturais, incluindo novas lectotipificações e designação de um epítipo, sinonímia completa, descrições morfológicas, incluindo descrição de duas espécies novas, etimologia de nomes de espécies, nomes comuns e usos, ilustrações e fotos de espécimes vivos, bem como comentários sobre fenologia, taxonomia e nomenclatura. São fornecidos mapas de distribuição de cada espécie, juntamente com comentários biogeográficos e ecológicos

Thesis--Lund. / Extra t.p., with thesis note, inserted. Imprint on cover: Lund. Gleerupska univ.-bokhandeln. Bibliography: p. [125]-129.

Thesis--Lund. / Extra t.p., with thesis note, inserted. Imprint on cover: Lund. Gleerupska univ.-bokhandeln. Bibliography: p. [125]-129.

Submitted by Rafael Santana (rafael.silvasantana@ufpe.br) on 2017-10-31T18:35:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO MARJORIE 1.pdf: 1501690 bytes, checksum: cff8cd81b84e5a52cfea3b2b854df884 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-31T18:35:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO MARJORIE 1.pdf: 1501690 bytes, checksum: cff8cd81b84e5a52cfea3b2b854df884 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-27 / FACEPE / Simarouba amara (Simaroubaceae) é popularmente conhecida como "pau-paraíba" ou “marupá”. No Brasil, é encontrada em todo o litoral brasileiro e tem sido usada na medicina tradicional, principalmente no tratamento de alterações de origens inflamatória, gástrica e respiratória. Esse estudo avaliou a possível atividade espasmolítica do extrato aquoso da casca do caule de Simarouba amara (EASa). Nesse sentido, ensaios in vitro de curvas concentração-efeito (CCE) simples ou cumulativas foram obtidas para histamina, carbacol, KCl e CaCl2 na ausência ou presença de EASa ou verapamil (VRP) no íleo isolado de cobaia. Os resultados mostram que o EASa (125, 250 e 500 µg/mL) e o VRP (0,025 a 3,2 µM) reduziram estatisticamente os componentes fásicos e tônicos das CCE simples para histamina, carbacol e KCl. Nas CCE cumulativas induzidas por histamina e carbacol, o ESSa e VRP produziram redução significativa do efeito máximo (Emáx) sem deslocamento das curvas à direita, características de antagonismo do tipo não competitivo. Nas curvas cumulativas de CaCl2, EASa e VRP reduziram significativamente o Emáx, contudo com deslocamento da curva à direita, que no caso do EASa foi observado apenas com a maior dose. Na presença do anti-histamínico H1 hidroxizina (HXZ, 0,125 e 0,250 μM), observou-se redução do Emáx das CCE cumulativas de histamina de 100,00 ± 0,00 para 84,53 ± 6,44% e 63,25 ± 4,63% respectivamente e deslocamento significativo à direita (pCE50 controle = 7,08 ± 0,04 para pCE50 = 5,46 ± 0,28 e 5,54 ± 0,19) respectivamente. Quando o EASa (250 e 500 µg/mL) foi associado ao HXZ houve potencialização significativa da redução do Emáx 32,72 ± 1,95% e 17,83 ± 2,48% respectivamente, todavia, os deslocamentos das curvas cumulativas à direita (pCE50 = 5,13 ± 0,23 e 4,80 ± 0,74) não foram estatisticamente diferentes das obtidas na presença de hidroxizina. O conjunto dos resultados sugere possível ação espasmolítica não seletiva do extrato aquoso da casca de Simarouba amara, a qual foi correlacionada inicialmente ao bloqueio do influxo de cálcio através dos canais de cálcio voltagem dependentes. / Simarouba amara (Simaroubaceae) is popularly known as "pau-paraíba" or "marupá". In Brazil, it is found throughout the Brazilian coast and has been used in traditional medicine, especially in the treatment of disorders of inflammatory origins, gastric and respiratory. This study evaluated the possible spasmolytic activity of the aqueous extract of the bark of Simarouba amara . Accordingly, in vitro concentrationeffect curves (CCE) were obtained from single or cumulative histamine, carbachol, KCl and CaCl2 in the absence or presence of this or verapamil on isolated guinea pig ileum. The results show that the EASa (125, 250 and 500 µg / ml), and VRP (3,2 0.025 mM) statistically reduced the phasic and tonic components of the single CCE histamine, carbachol and KCl. The cumulative CCE induced by histamine and carbachol, the VRP and this produced a significant reduction of the maximum effect (Emax) without shifting the curves to the right, antagonism characteristics of the noncompetitive type. In the cumulative curve CaCl2, and EASa VRP Emax significantly reduced, yet with displacement of the right turn, in which case the EASa was observed only at the highest dose. In the presence of H1 antihistamine hydroxyzine (HXZ, 0.125 and 0.250 mM), there was reduction of Emax pCE50 cumulative 100.00 ± 0.00 to 84.53 ± histamine 6.44% and 63.25 ± 4.63% respectively and significant shift to the right (pCE50 control = 7.08 ± 0.04 to 5.46 ± 0.28 = pCE50 and 5.54 ± 0.19) respectively. When the EASA (250 and 500 mg / mL) was associated with HXZ significant potentiation of the decrease Emax% 32.72 ± 1.95 and 17.83 ± 2.48%, respectively, however, the displacements of the curves to the right of cumulative (pCE50 = 5.13 ± 0.23 and 4.80 ± 0.74) were not statistically different from those obtained in the presence of hydroxyzine. The set of results suggests possible nonselective spasmolytic action of the aqueous extract of Simarouba loved bark, which was initially correlated to block the calcium influx through voltage gated calcium channels.

This work describes the isolation and structural elucidation of extractives from four species of the Meliaceae and one of the Simaroubaceae families. All five species examined are endemic to the island of Madagascar. One novel seco-ring A protolimonoid with a bourjotinolone A-type side-chain was isolated from Turraea sericea, while Malleastrum antsingyense yielded one known and one novel limonoid of the vilasinin group. Neobeguea leandreana was found to contain three novel limonoids of the phragmalin class, including a relatively rare 17-keto seco-ring D compound and one containing a oxidized C-19 methyl group. Quivisia papinae has afforded eight novel and five known protolimonoids and limonoids of the azadiradione, evodulone, and mexicanolide classes. Included among these are a mexicanolide group limonoid with a 17-keto seco-ring D, and two further mexicanolide limonoids containing a hitherto unreported 9a,11a-epoxide ring and a Δ 9(11)-double bond. One C19 and four C20 quassinoids, of which one is novel, together with a known but rare triterpenoid, were isolated from the Madagascan Simaroubaceae Samadera madagascariensis. These findings support the suggestion that this species is closely related to, if not synonymous with, the companion species Samadera indica and Quassia indica. A literature survey on the effect of structural variations in ring B on coupling constants in 11,12-disubstituted havanensin-group limonoids was also undertaken, resulting in the observation of a remarkable correlation between ring structure and coupling constant values for a wide range of compounds isolated from different sources. An explanation for these observations is advanced. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2001.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-04-19T13:00:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Indiara Nunes Mesquita Fereira - 2017.pdf: 3205784 bytes, checksum: df9235a92accda62ab612fa76225c654 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-04-19T13:01:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Indiara Nunes Mesquita Fereira - 2017.pdf: 3205784 bytes, checksum: df9235a92accda62ab612fa76225c654 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-19T13:01:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Indiara Nunes Mesquita Fereira - 2017.pdf: 3205784 bytes, checksum: df9235a92accda62ab612fa76225c654 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Abstract: Simarouba amara Aubl. is a dioecious species belonging to the family Simaroubaceae. Its occurrence is recorded from the wetlands of Costa Rica in Central America to the Center-West region of Brazil. It can reach up to 35 m high in the Amazonia Forest, where its occurrence may be very common. The great majority of the studies on the species refer to the pharmacological aspects inherent to the metabolic compounds present in the species of the family Simaroubaceae. There are also other approaches on their application in reforestation of degraded areas, and the commercial use of wood. However, studies on their reproductive biology are scarce. It is known that its sexual system is dioecious, which makes it depends on vectors to promote the flow of pollen between the individuals of different sexes. However, its system of pollination is still unknown. Studies suggest that in its wide distribution, the species presents phenotypic variations according to its environment of occurrence. The Cerrado is composed of a mosaic of vegetation submitted to differences in climate, relief and soil, which may favor the expression of phenotypic plasticity in some species. In this sense, the aim of this dissertation was initially to investigatethe reproductive biology of S. amara, involving aspects of floral biology, phenology, sexual and pollination system. In addition, we sought to investigate whether the species presents phenotypic variations in its morphology and reproductive system in distinct environments of the Cerrado, such as forest and cerrado sensu stricto. Therefore, the dissertation was structured in two chapters: in the first, the reproductive biology of Simarouba amara Aubl. (Simaroubaceae) was investigated in Semideciduous Forest of Central Brazil. In the second chapter, the variations in the reproductive biology of Simarouba amara Aubl. (Simaroubaceae) was analysed in the environment of Semideciduous Forest and cerrado sensu stricto. / Resumo: RESUMO Simarouba amara Aubl. é uma espécie dióica pertencente a família Simaroubaceae. Sua ocorrência é registrada desde as Matas Úmidas da Costa Rica na América Central até a região Centro-Oeste e Sudeste do Brasil. É uma espécie arbórea que pode atingir até 35 m de altura nas Matas de Terra Firme da Amazônia, onde sua ocorrência pode ser muito comum. A maioria dos estudos sobre a espécie se reporta aos aspectos farmacológicos inerentes aos seus compostos metabólicos. Há também outras abordagens sobre a qualidade de suas mudas, replantio em áreas degradadas, fenologia e o uso comercial da madeira. No entanto, estudos sobre a sua biologia reprodutiva são escassos. Sabe-se que seu sistema sexual é dióico, o que faz com que sua reprodução sexuada dependa de vetores que promovam o fluxo de pólen entre os indivíduos de sexos distintos, porém seu sistema de polinização também ainda é desconhecido. Estudos sugerem que em sua ampla distribuição, a espécie apresenta variações fenotípicas de acordo com o seu ambiente de ocorrência. O Cerrado é composto por um mosaico de vegetações submetidas às diferenças de clima, relevo e solo, fatores esses que podem favorecer a expressão da plasticidade fenotípica em algumas espécies. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se nessa dissertação conhecer em um primeiro momento a biologia reprodutiva de S. amara, envolvendo aspectos da biologia floral, fenologia, sistema sexual e reprodutivo, bem como os polinizadores. Além disso, procurou-se investigar se as populações da espécie apresentam variações adaptativas e ecológicas no seu sistema morfológico e reprodutivo em ambientes distintos do Cerrado como a mata e o cerrado sensu stricto. Para tanto, a dissertação foi estruturada em dois capítulos: no primeiro, foi abordada a biologia reprodutiva de Simarouba amara Aubl. (Simaroubaceae) em Floresta Semidecídua do Brasil Central. No segundo capítulo: variações na biologia reprodutiva de Simarouba amara Aubl. (Simaroubaceae) em ambiente de Floresta Semidecídua e cerrado sensu stricto.

Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmacy))--Mahidol University, 1982.

In conclusion, the present study successfully demonstrate BJ as a potent anti-pancreatic cancer herb; BD is the main ingredient for its cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on the pancreatic cancer cells through activation of the redox-sensitive p38-MAPK signaling pathway and reduction of anti-apoptotic activity by inhibition of NF-kappaB activation in pancreatic cancer cells. The in vivo efficacy and low toxicity of BD render this chemical compound to be a potential for its further development into an anti-pancreatic cancer agent. / In recent decades, the application of Chinese herbal medicine has become an increasingly popular approach and alternative to treating cancer. Moreover, Chinese herbal medicine is the source for the discovery of novel anti-cancer drugs. For example, irinotecan and topotecan, the analogues of camptothecin which is isolated from the bark and stem of Camptotheca acuminate are found to be effective in ovarian, lung and colon cancers. Given that Chinese medicine is commonly used in the treatment of cancers, we postulate that Chinese herbs are a valuable source to possess anti-pancreatic cancer compounds. Accordingly, the aims of the present project are: (1) to screen Chinese medicinal herbs which has the most potent cytotoxic activity in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro; (2) to isolate and identify the effective compound in Brucea javanica (BJ) which mediates apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cell lines; (3) to study the mechanistic pathways involved in brucein D - (BD, a quassinoid found in abundance in BJ) mediated apoptosis in pancreatic cancer in vitro; and (4) to evaluate the efficacy of BD in pancreatic cancer using an xenograft animal model of pancreatic cancer. / In vivo study demonstrated that daily administration of BD through intravenous injection for ten days in nude mice bearing pancreatic cancer cells effectively reduced tumor growth in terms of tumor weight and size, while showing no significant toxicity in heart, liver and kidney tissues of the mice. / Nine Chinese medicinal herbs were selected for the screening experiment and, among them, BJ exhibited the most potent cytotoxic action on the three pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines, namely PANC-1, SW-1990 and CAPAN-1, with IC50 values of 2.5mug/ml, 5.1mug/ml and 1.5mug/ml, respectively. BD, one of the main chemical compounds found in BJ was found to possess strong apoptogenic effect in PANC-1 cells, as evidenced by DNA condensation and fragmentation, sub-G1 phase formation, proteolytic activation of caspase 3, 8 and 9, and attenuation of bcl-2 activity. Further mechanistic studies revealed that the apoptotic signals generated by BD were transduced from the cell membrane to nucleus via the mediation of p38-MAPK signaling pathway while the reactive oxygen species (ROS) was found to accumulate in BD-treated PANC-1 cells. The activation p38-MAPK phosphorylation was inhibited by pretreatment with an antioxidant. However, the inhibition of NF-kappaB activity and downregulation of anitapoptotic genes in BD-treated cells was independent of the ROS changes. / Pancreatic cancer is the forth and sixth leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States and Hong Kong, respectively. The morbidity of pancreatic cancer is almost equal to its mortality rate. Poor diagnosis and intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy are the major characteristics for pancreatic cancer. Therefore, new therapeutic strategy is urgently warranted to overcome the drug-resistance challenge in the management of pancreatic cancer. / Lau Sin Ting Cynthia. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-03, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 228-271). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.