Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-21T12:21:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 ana_valente_ioc_mest_2014.pdf: 66833891 bytes, checksum: eb1f6b3aab95979bf15f6e66a96e4de0 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-10 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Devido às condições hidrogeográficas brasileiras favoráveis a instalação de hidrelétricas, este tipo de empreendimento é responsável pela maior parte da produção de energia do País. Estas hidrelétricas impactam diretamente os criadouros de insetos aquáticos, inclusive os de simulídeos. O monitoramento de Simuliidae, em especial em áreas com alto grau de biodiversidade e com fauna ainda pouco estudada, como o Bioma Cerrado, é de extrema importância para a prospecção de dados relevantes para o conhecimento da biodiversidade alinhado com a saúde pública. O Aproveitamento Múltiplo de Manso está localizado em área de Cerrado no município de Chapada dos Guimarães, atingindo também Cuiabá e Nova Brasilândia, MT. Para o monitoramento de Simuliidae, foram realizadas 13 coletas bimestrais em períodos de seca e chuva de maio/2009 a julho/2011. Do total de pontos selecionados na área sob influência direta, 11 pontos foram a montante e 03 a jusante da barragem e 05 pontos, aparentemente, sem influência direta do APM Manso. De maneira geral, percebe-se que o número total de exemplares coletados é inversamente proporcional à precipitação acumulada do período. No total, foram encontradas 28 espécies: Simulium brunnescens, S. pertinax, S. (Chirostilbia) sp, S. spinibranchium, S. dekeyseri, S. subpallidum, S. perflavum, S. (Psilopelmia) sp, S. rorotaense, S. incrustatum sl, S. quadrifidum, S. jujuyense, S. incrustatum s.s., S. limbatum, S. minusculum sl, S. oyapockense, S. (Psaroniocompsa) sp, S. cuasiexiguum, S. (Notolepria) sp, S. guianense, S. nigrimanum, S. rubrithorax, S. (Trichodagmia) sp, S. inaequale, S. clavibranchium sl, S. (Inaequalium) sp, S. subclavibranchium e S. subnigrum. Todas as espécies, com a exceção de S. quadrifidum e S. clavibranchium, já haviam sido registradas para o estado do Mato Grosso. S. perflavum, S. subnigrum e S. subclavibranchium foram encontradas em todas as campanhas Duas espécies não foram encontradas em uma das campanhas, S. spinibranchium (junho/2010) e S. pertinax (julho/2011). S. incrustatum e S. jujuyense, foram encontradas em todas as campanhas, com exceção das de abril/2011 e setembro/2010, respectivamente. S. oyapockense e S. x guianense foram encontrados em apenas três (novembro/2009, junho/2010 e agosto/2010) e duas (novembro/2009 e agosto/2010) campanhas, respectivamente. Com relação à entomofauna associada aos criadouros de simulídeos, foram encontradas as seguintes ordens de Insecta: Coleoptera, Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Heteroptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Megaloptera, Odonota, Plecoptera e Trichoptera. As Ordens Coleoptera, Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera foram encontradas em todas as campanhas. Durante as coletas com atrativo, no Ponto ANE13 foram identificadas: S. oyapockense sl, S. guianense sl, S. nigrimanum, S. exiguum, e S. (Inaequalium) sp, sendo S. oyapockense sl a espécie encontrada em todas as campanhas e também a mais abundante. Já no ponto ANE15, foram capturadas fêmeas em apenas duas das quatro campanhas realizadas. Neste ponto, o monitoramento não pode ser realizado a partir de Setembro/2010, devido a impossibilidade de acesso ao ponto de captura. Foram encontradas quatro espécies: S. oyapockense, S. incrustatum s.s., S. (Psaroniocompsa) sp e S. (Inaequalium) sp. Todas as espécies (exceto S. oyapockense) foram encontradas apenas na campanha de agosto/2010, onde S. incrustatum foi a espécie mais abundante / Due to its favorable hydrogeographical conditions, most of Brazil’s power come from hydroelectric dams. Simuliidae monitoring, especially in areas with great biodiversity and fauna still to be fully studied, as the Cerrado, is of great importance for the exploration of relevant data to the knowledge of the biodiversity, aligned with public health. The Manso Dam is located in a Cerrado area, in the municipality of Chapada dos Guimarães, but it also affects Cuiabá and Nova Brasilândia. For this study of Simuliidae, 13 bimonthly sample collections were performed during drought and rainy season, from May/2009 to July/2011. From the total of selected collection sites in the area under direct influence, 11 were upstream and 03 downstream of the dam and the other 05 sites were apparently without direct influence of APM Manso. It is noticed that the total number of specimens collected was inversely proportional to the amount of rainfall for the period. A total of 28 species were found: Simulium brunnescens, S. pertinax, S. (Chirostilbia) sp, S. spinibranchium, S. dekeyseri, S. subpallidum, S. perflavum, S. (Psilopelmia) sp, S. rorotaense, S. incrustatum sl, S. quadrifidum, S. jujuyense, S. incrustatum s.s., S. limbatum, S. minusculum sl, S. oyapockense, S. (Psaroniocompsa) sp, S. cuasiexiguum, S. (Notolepria) sp, S. guianense, S. nigrimanum, S. rubrithorax, S. (Trichodagmia) sp, S. inaequale, S. clavibranchium sl, S. (Inaequalium) sp, S. subclavibranchium e S. subnigrum. All species, except for S. quadrifidum and S. clavibranchium were already reported for Mato Grosso State. For the immature collections, S. perflavum, S. subnigrum and S. subclavibranchium were collected in al expeditions. Only two species were not found in one of the expeditions S. spinibranchium (June/2010) and S. pertinax (July/2011). S. incrustatum and S. jujuyense were found in all expeditions except for april/2011 and september/2010, respectively. S. oyapockense and S. guianense were found only in three expeditions (November/2009, June/2010 and August/2010) and two (November/2009 and August/2010), respectively. Regarding the entomofauna associated with simuliidae breeding sites material, it was identified the following orders from Insecta: Coleoptera, Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Heteroptera,Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Megaloptera, Odonota, Plecoptera e Trichoptera. Coleoptera, Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera were found in all expeditions. From the material collected during the capture with attractive, at site ANE13, it was identified: S. oyapockense sl, S. guianense sl, S. nigrimanum, S. exiguum and S. (Inaequalium) sp, being S. oyapockense sl the species found in all expeditions and also the most abudant. At site ANE15 only in two of the four expeditions females were captured. This collection site was not accessible after September/2010. Four species were identified: S. oyapockense, S. incrustatum, S. (Psaroniocompsa) sp and S. (Inaequalium) sp. All species (except for S. oyapockense) were collected only during the August/2010 expedition, when S. incrustatum s.s. were the most abundant species.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T13:40:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 raquel_wainfas_ioc_mest_2015.pdf: 6535048 bytes, checksum: 2af889abf4c8298d0d491224806de00a (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-23 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Os simulídeos são de grande importância médica e veterinária por ser um potencial vetor de doenças transmitidas pelo carreamento de agentes etiológicos. Distúrbios físicos causados pela ação antrópica exercem um importante papel na estrutura da sua comunidade fazendo, principalmente, com que novos espaços sejam abertos para a colonização de espécies não autóctones. O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar como os criadouros de simulídeos expressam respostas demográficas e de dispersão da sua população diante dos impactos causados pela construção da Usina Hidrelétrica Peixe-Angical. Para o trabalho foi disponibilizado amostragem dos simulídeos do acervo do Laboratório de Simulídeos do IOC/Coleção de Simulídeos do IOC (CSIOC). Foi efetuada uma matriz de dados das amostras de simulídeos (pupas) obtidas em coletas sistemáticas na área impactada no período de 2004 a 2008. As espécies foram ordenadas em relação às características abióticas do ambiente, para que possibilitasse a identificação de padrões de distribuição destes organismos em relação às modificações antropogênicas de seus hábitats. Ao final das coletas, 21 espécies foram identificadas e 3 fatores abióticos mostraram-se determinantes para a composição da riqueza, a ocorrência e a distribuição específica de Simuliidae: pH da água, altitude da superfície terrestre e precipitação pluviométrica. Os dados obtidos com o presente estudo contribuem para o conhecimento científico, facilitando o entendimento de como os grandes impactos ambientais apresentam influências nas respostas demográficas de populações de Simuliidae / Black flies are of great medical and veterinary importance for being a potential vector of etiologic agents that cause human disease. Physical disorders caused by human activities play an important role in community structure, opening n ew spaces to the colonization of non - native species. The aim of this study was to investigate how the breeding of blackflies express demographic and dispersion of its population on the impacts caused by the construction of Peixe - Angical hydroelectric power plant. For this work, blackflies samples were available by Simuliidae Laboratory/ Simuliidae Collection of Oswaldo Cruz Institute (CSIOC). A data matrix of blackflies samples was developed from collected material (pupae ) obtained on systematic sampling in the impacted area from 2004 to 2008. The species were ordered in relation to abiotic characteristics of the environment that would enable the identification of patterns of distribution of these organisms in relation to anthropogenic changes of their hab itats. At the end of the sampling , 21 species were identified and 3 abiotic factors were decisive for the composition of wealth, the occurrence and specific distribution of Simuliidae : pH of the water , the earth's surface altitude and rainfall. The data ob tained from this study can contribute to scientific knowledge, facilitating the understanding of how the major environmental impacts have influences on demographic responses of populations of Simuliidae.

The feeding activity of female black flies may cause considerable annoyance to saddle horses. Horses under attack become head-shy and difficult to manage, posing a potential hazard to riders. Stabling horses offers a means of protection against black fly feeding, but most horse owners cannot or will not stable their animals to prevent disturbance by noxious flies. Because stabling is an unsatisfactory control measure, I will evaluate various ear protectants to find easily applied materials of suitable effectiveness and duration on pastured animals to be of practical value to the owners. / Master of Science

Ingestion, assimilation and egestion rates of different sized filter-feeding blackfly larvae Simulium medusaeforme/hargreavesi (Diptera: Simuliidae) were determined. The effects of food type, food concentration and larval size on ingestion rates were tested. These bioenergetic parameters were used to obtain an indication of the importance of blackfly larvae in processing of particulate organic matter in the Buffalo River. Mean ingestion rates for S. medusaeforme/hargreavesi larvae feeding in the field ranged from 900 - 1600 μg/mg/h compared with those for larvae feeding in the laboratory on the same food type (260 - 680 μg/mg/h) and on algae, Chlorella sp. (590 - 1110 μg/mg/h) and Selenastrum sp. (340 - 1140 μg/mg/h). Ingestion rates obtained in this study were much higher than those reported by previous workers. These high ingestion rates are thought to be related to the low organic fraction of the suspended solids in transport in the Buffalo River. Larger larvae were found to ingest between three and six times as much food as smaller larvae. Ingestion rates were affected by the presence of nematodes and by imminent pupation. Assimilation rates on algae ranged from 2.3 - 49.0 μg/mg/h and were comparable with results of previous workers. The low assimilation efficiencies obtained for larvae feeding on algae (0.4 - 15.1 %) are due to the high ingestion rates. From a survey of the Buffalo River larvae were found to ingest between 0.00011 - 0.15 % of the suspended solids per metre of stream bed, about 1 - 7 times more than what has been reported by other workers. In the upper reaches of the Buffalo River larvae were potentially able to ingest all the suspended solids in the size class 0 - 250μ.m within a distance of 3.2km. Blackfly larvae play an important qualitative role in the functioning of a river system as they remove seston from transport and facilitate the action of gut microflora. Blackfly larvae in association with micro-organisms and other invertebrates are responsible for the majority of the retention and mineralisation of organic matter in the river

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:02:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FrancileneMSR.pdf: 883736 bytes, checksum: 9ff46764b05c435a2c7a5daee094527a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-15 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The species psaroniocompsa incrustata (Lutz, 1910) was studied in relation to its abundance in different and seasonal periods, the physico-chemical of the breending ground and the fauna predation added to the immature of the species. The study was developed during eight months, from April to July, 2005 (rainy season) and from October, 2005 to January, 2006 (drought season), in one natural breending ground situated in the Pium river, that is part of the hydrographical basin of the Pirangi river in Rio Grande do Norte. The immature of Simuliidae were collected manually in vegetal substrate. At the same place, it was made one sampling of the associated fauna using Suber collectors and the measurement of the environment variants. It was also made one analysis of the stomach content of possible enemies of the simul?deos, to observe the predation of the associated fauna. It was collected 7.713 samples, all from de species P. Incrustata, it was observed a bigger abundance in the drought season, and the entomologic fauna associated totalizing 20.1314 species, distributed in the kinds: Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Trichoptera, e Hemiptera, with a bigger representativity of Dipteros. The analysis of the stomach content of the species from the families Libellulidae and Hydropsychidae showed the presence of the simul?deos in only 4% of the material analysed, therefore it was not confirmed the presence of one efficient biological control of the simul?deos in this breending ground / A esp?cie Psaroniocompsa incrustata (Lutz, 1910) foi estudada quanto a abund?ncia em per?odos sazonais diferentes, a f?sico-qu?mica do criadouro e a preda??o da fauna associada sobre os imaturos desta esp?cie. O estudo foi realizado durante oito meses, abril ? julho de 2005 (esta??o de chuvas) e outubro/2005 ? janeiro/2006 (esta??o de seca), em um criadouro natural localizado no rio Pium, pertencente a Bacia Hidrogr?fica do rio Pirangi, no Rio Grande do Norte. Os imaturos de Simuliidae foram coletados manualmente em substrato vegetal. Nesse mesmo local, foi realizada a amostragem da fauna associada utilizando-se coletor do tipo Surber, e as medi??es das vari?veis ambientais. Para observar a preda??o da fauna associada, foi realizada a an?lise do conte?do estomacal de poss?veis inimigos naturais dos simul?deos. A coleta dos imaturos resultou em 7.713 exemplares, todos da esp?cie P. incrustata, sendo a sua maior abund?ncia observada na estac?o de seca, e a entomofauna associada, totalizou 20.314 esp?cimes, distribu?dos nas Ordens: Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Trichoptera e Hemiptera, com maior representatividade dos d?pteros. A an?lise do conte?do estomacal dos esp?cimes das fam?lias Libellulidae e Hydropsychidae revelou a presen?a de simul?deos em apenas 4% do material examinado, n?o sendo constatado a realiza??o de um eficiente controle biol?gico por parte destes, sobre os simul?deos, nesse criadouro

<p>Abstrakt: Jag har undersökt hur älvreglering påverkar mängden knott (Tvåvingar: <i>Simuliidae</i>) längs flera norrlandsälvar och vilka konsekvenser denna påverkan får för den landlevande fågelfaunan. Studien visar att utbyggnad av älvar har en negativ effekt på mängden knott. Det fanns sju gånger högre tätheter av knott längs "orörda älvar" jämfört med utbyggda älvar.</p><p>Skillnaden i antal knott mellan älvtyperna var mycket större för knotthanar än för knotthonor, vilket förklaras av att honorna är rörligare eftersom de flyger och letar efter blod. Knott lever av blod från ett flertal däggdjur och fåglar och visar en stor variation i värd-specificitet mellan olika arter. Jag fann en högre frekvens av haemosporida blod parasiter (<i>Leucocytozoon</i>) i fåglar längs "orörda" Vindelälven jämfört med den reglerade Umeälven. Detta mönster stämmer väl överens med tätheten fågelparasiterande knott som är lägre längs Umeälven. Knott attackerade främst värdar som var stora och vanliga. Fågelsamhällets sammansättning skiljde sig mellan orörda och utbyggda älvdalar. Tätheten av icke insektsätande fåglar tenderade att minska, efter häcksäsongen, längs orörda älvar medan den ökade längs utbyggda älvar. Den insektsätande fågeln svartvit flugsnappare (<i>Ficedula hypoleuca Pallas</i>) uppvisade större häckningsframgång längs orörda älvar jämfört med utbyggda älvar. Detta är förmodligen en effekt av den större mängden insekter som finns längs orörda älvar.</p> / <p>The effects of river regulation on blackfly (Diptera: <i>Simuliidae</i>) abundances and consequences for the avifauna in terrestrial environments were studied along multiple rivers in northern Sweden. I found that impoundment of rivers has detrimental effect to blackfly abundances. The densities of large-river breeding blackfly species were several-fold higher along free-flowing than along regulated rivers. The difference in abundances was much larger in males than blood-seeking females. Blackflies attacked a variety of mammalian and avian hosts and showed different levels of host-specificity between species. I found higher prevalence of haemosporidian blood parasites (<i>Leucocytozoon</i>) in birds along the free-flowing Vindel River in comparison to the regulated Ume River, where the lower densities of ornithophilic blackflies were reduced. Blood-seeking blackflies predominantly attacked large and/abundant hosts.</p><p>Assemblages of birds differed between valleys of regulated and free-flowing rivers. Densities of noninsectivorous birds tended to decrease along free-flowing rivers in the post-breeding season, but increased along regulated rivers at the same time. Insectivorous European pied flycatcher (<i>Ficedula hypoleuca Pallas</i>) showed greater fledging success along free-flowing than regulated rivers, which probably reflects the higher insect abundances found along freeflowing rivers.</p>

Abstrakt: Jag har undersökt hur älvreglering påverkar mängden knott (Tvåvingar: Simuliidae) längs flera norrlandsälvar och vilka konsekvenser denna påverkan får för den landlevande fågelfaunan. Studien visar att utbyggnad av älvar har en negativ effekt på mängden knott. Det fanns sju gånger högre tätheter av knott längs "orörda älvar" jämfört med utbyggda älvar. Skillnaden i antal knott mellan älvtyperna var mycket större för knotthanar än för knotthonor, vilket förklaras av att honorna är rörligare eftersom de flyger och letar efter blod. Knott lever av blod från ett flertal däggdjur och fåglar och visar en stor variation i värd-specificitet mellan olika arter. Jag fann en högre frekvens av haemosporida blod parasiter (Leucocytozoon) i fåglar längs "orörda" Vindelälven jämfört med den reglerade Umeälven. Detta mönster stämmer väl överens med tätheten fågelparasiterande knott som är lägre längs Umeälven. Knott attackerade främst värdar som var stora och vanliga. Fågelsamhällets sammansättning skiljde sig mellan orörda och utbyggda älvdalar. Tätheten av icke insektsätande fåglar tenderade att minska, efter häcksäsongen, längs orörda älvar medan den ökade längs utbyggda älvar. Den insektsätande fågeln svartvit flugsnappare (Ficedula hypoleuca Pallas) uppvisade större häckningsframgång längs orörda älvar jämfört med utbyggda älvar. Detta är förmodligen en effekt av den större mängden insekter som finns längs orörda älvar. / The effects of river regulation on blackfly (Diptera: Simuliidae) abundances and consequences for the avifauna in terrestrial environments were studied along multiple rivers in northern Sweden. I found that impoundment of rivers has detrimental effect to blackfly abundances. The densities of large-river breeding blackfly species were several-fold higher along free-flowing than along regulated rivers. The difference in abundances was much larger in males than blood-seeking females. Blackflies attacked a variety of mammalian and avian hosts and showed different levels of host-specificity between species. I found higher prevalence of haemosporidian blood parasites (Leucocytozoon) in birds along the free-flowing Vindel River in comparison to the regulated Ume River, where the lower densities of ornithophilic blackflies were reduced. Blood-seeking blackflies predominantly attacked large and/abundant hosts. Assemblages of birds differed between valleys of regulated and free-flowing rivers. Densities of noninsectivorous birds tended to decrease along free-flowing rivers in the post-breeding season, but increased along regulated rivers at the same time. Insectivorous European pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca Pallas) showed greater fledging success along free-flowing than regulated rivers, which probably reflects the higher insect abundances found along freeflowing rivers.

Little is known about black fly pest species in Mississippi, other than research from the 1930s. A better understanding of the pest species that occur in Mississippi is important for human and animal health. My research focused on what species of black flies occur in Mississippi, their seasonality and distribution, and a detailed systematic survey of the primary pest species. Lastly, I attempted to quantify nuisance effects and economic impacts of black flies on people, backyard poultry, and livestock. I examined scientific literature and records of black flies occurring in the southeastern U.S., and particularly Mississippi. This search revealed several unpublished manuscripts by Dr. George H. Bradley on the biology, ecology, and control of black flies in the Mississippi Delta during the 1930s. These publications were curated and made available to the scientific community. I identified and compiled an annotated list of larval, pupal, and adult stages of black flies occurring in Mississippi, derived from specimens housed in the Mississippi State University Entomological Museum (MEM). These specimens had been collected over several decades by a variety of entomologists, students, and the public. In addition, I included data from thousands of black flies collected during this project. To assess seasonality and relative abundance of the primary pest black fly species in Mississippi, I systematically collected adult black fly specimens for two years, documenting species present, seasonality, adult emergence patterns, and associated meteorological conditions. These ten sites were selected based on Dr. George Bradley's extensive work and complaints from local county extension agents, veterinarians, and municipal public works personnel. For economic, human, and animal health impacts of black flies, I employed a four-tiered approach: 1) a survey of lay and medical literature for reports of human health problems from black fly bites, 2) a query of city and county public works personnel concerning black fly nuisance effects, 3) an analysis of statewide hospital outpatient International Classification of Diseases-9 (ICD-9) discharge data and lastly, 4) a statewide survey of backyard poultry owners to ascertain animal health and monetary impacts from black flies.