Medium access mechanisms are one of the most important aspects of buses, which are shared mediums. Almost all standard buses use Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) as their medium access scheme. Such buses usually are multi-wire, very sensitive to time synchronization, and often managed by a master node. In this thesis, we develop new non-TDMA schemes for bus communications which are based on Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), or Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) that do not have the intrinsic limitations of traditional buses. The proposed schemes are based on a single wire bus setting. Since, in theory, any node can have a dedicated communication link to any other node on the bus, the nodes virtually form a fully-connected mesh, hence the name Mesh-Bus. In such schemes, no master node is required on the bus; therefore, we can have a distributed bus in which all the nodes have the same functionality. Also, no time synchronization is required. Every node, using its unique code/frequency, creates a virtual private link to the other nodes, and using such interference-resistant virtual private links, the nodes communicate data to each other. This dissertation explores the underlying principals of such non-TDMA schemes and through extensive software simulations investigates various scenarios in for CDMA scheme, and studies the performance for the system. Finally, a hardware implementation of the CDMA scheme is presented, and some experimental results are provided to validate the simulation results.