This paper describes technology and process development for a hybrid lithography approach pairing UV-lithography for planar single mode waveguides with 2-photon-polymerization direct-laser-writing for out-of-plane coupling mirrors. Improvements to multi-layer direct patterning of OrmoCore/-Clad material system using UV-lithography are presented. Near square core cross sections are achieved. Minimum alignment accuracy at ≈ 3 μm is observed. Cut-back measurement on single mode waveguides shows attenuation of 0.64 dB cm −1 and 1.5 dB cm −1 at 1310 nm and 1550 nm respectively. Up to 2.5-times increase of shear-strength after thermal exposure up to 300 ◦ C is found using shear tests and compared for various surface treatments. Mechanical compatibility to reflow soldering is derived. An extensive study on the pattering of ORMOCER® using 2-photon-polymerization is performed. Flat 45 ◦ -micro mirrors with sub-10 μm dimensions are 3D-printed both in OrmoCore and OrmoComp. Outlook to further research on hybrid lithography integration approach is given.

This paper describes design and advances in process development for UV-lithography of planar single mode waveguides with openings for out-of-plane coupling µ-mirrors. Improvements to multi-layer direct patterning of OrmoCore/-Clad material system using UV-lithography are presented. Near square core cross sections are achieved. However, non uniformity across 4” wafer is shown due to varying proximity and UV-intensity. Openings in full stack with steep sidewalls without residual layer are patterned. Reduction in stack thickness for very small exposure doses due to inhibition even under inert atmosphere is shown. 45° -µ-mirrors are integrated in these openings to manufacture a U-link via a single mode waveguide and two adjacent micro-mirrors. Optical characterization of U-link demonstrates the feasibility of hybrid lithography approach. However, non-uniformity of core cross-section leads to cross coupling of planar waveguides. Outlook to further research on UV-lithography of multi-layer waveguide stack and alignment with µ-mirror printing is given.

This thesis explores and evaluates the temperature measuring capabilities of a phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer (φ-OTDR), which exploits Rayleigh backscattering in normal single mode optical fibers. The device is constructed and its setup explained, and a protocol for making temperature measurements with it is developed. Performance tests are made and the device is shown to achieve fully distributed temperature measurements on fibers hundreds of meters in length with a spatial resolution of 1 m and a temperature resolution of 0.1 K. In addition, the capabilities of the device to measure normal strain in the measurement fiber are tested using the same approach, albeit with less success. The device is capable of very precise measurements, making it very sensitive to the environmental conditions around the measuring fiber but also susceptible to disturbances. Some discussion is had on how to avoid or deal with these disturbances. Furthermore, the technique is shown to be able to run in conjunction with other φ-OTDR measurement techniques from the same device simultaneously. / Det här examensarbetet utforskar och utvärderar förmågorna att mäta temperatur hos en fas-känslig optisk tidsdomän-reflektometer (φ-OTDR), som utnyttjar bakåtriktad Rayleigh-spridning i vanliga optiska singelmodfibrer. Anordningen konstrueras och dess komponentstruktur förklaras, och ett protokoll tas fram för att utföra mätningar med den. Prestandatester utförs och anordningen visas kapabel att göra fullt distribuerade temperaturmätningar längs hundratals meter långa fibrer, med en rymdsupplösning på 1 m och en temperaturupplösning på 0.1 K. Dessutom testas förmågan att mäta normaltöjning hos testfibern med samma metod, dock med mindre framgång. Anordningen är väldigt känslig för förhållandena i omgivningen runt mätningsfibern, vilket gör den kapabel till mätningar med mycket hög precision, men också mottaglig för störningar. Lite diskussion hålls kring hur dessa störningar kan undvikas eller hanteras. Vidare visas att mätningstekniken kan köras samtidigt som andra φ-OTDR-baserade tekniker från samma anordning.

This paper describes advances in hybrid-lithography process, combining UV-lithography for planar, single mode redistribution layer (RDL) and 2-photon-polymerization direct-laser-writing (2PP-DLW) for micro-mirrors inside RDL-opening. Improvements to multi-layer direct patterning of OrmoCore/-Clad material system using UV-lithography and need for broadband UV-LED source are presented. Near square core cross sections and smooth sidewalls are achieved. Openings in full stack with steep sidewalls without residual layer are patterned. To optimize 2PP-DLW-process processing window for both OrmoComp and IP-DIP is thoroughly characterized. Roughness measurements prove feasibility even of coarsely printed structure as reflective μ-mirror for 1550 nm wavelength. Finally these results are applied to periscope probe for wafer-level-testing of edge emitting lasers and proof of concept is shown. Outlook to further research on UV-lithography of multi-layer waveguide stack and alignment with μ-mirror printing is given.

This diploma thesis deals with the influence of long fiber optic paths on the polarization state of light and their use for powering polarization sensors. The aim of the diploma thesis was to design the arrangement of optical fiber components so that the polarization properties of light at the end of the path are further usable for sensory purposes. Four partial measurements with a long path (in a laboratory setting, laying in the ground, on a curtain, under the influence of external influence) and one measurement without a path under the influence of external influence were designed. The overall measurement results demonstrate that for the functional power supply of long-distance sensor systems, an existing single-mode fiber can be used (laid by laying in the ground), into which a light source for a given sensor system would be multiplexed. In the discussion, all types of measurements are analyzed and compared with each other. Finally, the overall result is summarized and applications are described in which such a sensor system could be used.

The purpose of this master’s thesis is foremost to provide a simple guide how to build elements of optical metropolitan area network. The basic model consists to sequence of construction, network topology, passive and active parts. The collection contains examples of alternative technology such as Wireless LAN with different frequency. The optical network construction based on optical cable, fibres, splices, trays, adapters, connectors and active parts for example a lot of media convertor models. After that there are demonstrating type of wavelength division multiplexer used in metropolitan area network – passive planar PCL splitter. One of the passive planar splitter are used to increase optical fibre channel. At the end of the collection a simplified examples of used measurements – optical time domain reflectometry and optical fibre transmission. Contains standard protocols or reflectogram. The conclusion of this thesis summarizes costs of FTTb (Fibre To The Building) model of optical metropolitan area network in Czech republic and future contribution for society.