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Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2006. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Vita. "December 2006" Includes bibliographical references.

Tez (Tıpta Uzmanlık) - Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Nükleer Tıp Anabilim Dalı, 2007. / Bibliyografya var.

Habil.-Schr. Technische Hochschule Aachen, 1997.

Thesis (M.S.) -- Worcester Polytechnic Institute. / Keywords: Hypothesis testing; motion compensation; SPECT. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 30-31).

xiii, 164 p. : ill. (some col.) / We explore the frequency translation of single-photon states of light and the creation of photon pairs by four-wave mixing in optical fiber. Frequency translation refers to changing the central frequency of a field, while photon pair creation refers to the creation of two individual photons at the same time. We demonstrate these effects in third-order nonlinear optical fiber. While both phenomena have previously been shown by three-wave mixing in second-order nonlinear media, there are compelling reasons to develop these tasks in third-order media. Most importantly, frequency translation in third-order material allows for the practical implementation of both small and large frequency shifts, while second-order material only practically allows for large shifts. Photon creation in third-order media often permits more flexible phase-matching conditions, allowing for the creation of a wider variety of quantum states than is often possible in second-order media. In our theoretical study of photon pair creation, we focus on the spectral correlations of the photon pairs. We pay particular attention to the creation of quantum states of high purity, where the photons are not spectrally correlated with one another. High purity photons are a requisite resource for several different quantum information processing applications, such as linear-optical quantum computing. We find that states with high purity can be realized with a minimal amount of spectral filtering. Experimentally, we study photon frequency translation in photonic crystal fiber. The central wavelength of the input photons was translated from 683 nm to 659 nm. We perform second-order intensity correlation measurements on both channels to demonstrate their quantum nature. This resulted in values of 0.21 ± 0.02 and 0.19 ± 0.05 for the 683-nm and 659-nm channels, respectively, demonstrating that those fields were dominated by their single-photon component. The efficiency at which the process occurred was 29 percent. Theoretically, we develop a Green function formalism to describe the translation process and develop a computational model to calculate the solution to the governing equations. Also, in a related experiment, we demonstrate classical frequency translation from 851 nm to 641 nm, a record translation in both wavelength and frequency, at an efficiency of 0.2 percent in a birefringent fiber. / Committee in charge: Dr. Daniel Steck, Chair; Dr. Michael Raymer, Advisor; Dr. Steven van Enk, Inside Member; Dr. Raghuveer Parthasarathy, Inside Member; Dr. Andrew Marcus, Outside Member

Ce manuscrit présente mon travail de thèse portant sur le détecteur de photons niques electron-bpmbarded CMOS (ebCMOS) à haute cadence de lecture (500 images/seconde). La première partie compare trois détecteurs ultra-sensibles et leurs méthodes d'amélioration de la sensibilité au photon : le CMOS bas bruit sCMOS), l'électron-multiplying CCD (emCCD) à multiplication du signal apr pixel et l'ebCMOS à amplification par application d'un champ électrique. La méthode de mesure de l'impact intra-pixel des photons sur le détecteur ebCMOS est présentée. La seconde partie compare la précision de localisation de ces trois détecteurs dans des conditions extrêmes de très bas flux de phtons (<10 photons/image). La limite théoriques est d'abord calculée à l'aide de la limite inférieure de Cramér-Rao pour ces jeux de paramètres significatifs. Une comparaison expérimentale des trois détecteurs est ensuite décrite. Le montage permet la création d'un ou plusieurs points d'accès contrôlés en position, nombre de photons et bruit de fond. Les résultats obtenus permettent une comparaison de l'efficacité, de la pureté et de la précision de localisation des sources. La dernière partie décrit deux expériences réalisées avec la caméra ebCMOS. La première consiste au suivi des nano-cristaux libres (D>10 µm2/s) au centre Nanoptec avec l''équipe de Christophe Dujardin. La seconde s'intéresse à la nage de bactéries en surface à l'Institu Joliot curie avec l'équipe de Laurence Lemelle. L'algorithme de suivi de sources ponctuelles au photon unique avec l'implémentation d'un filtre de Kalman est aussi décrit. / This manuscript presents my thesis on the high frame rate (500 frames/second) single-photon detector electron-bombraded CMOS (ebCMOS). The first section compares three ultra-sensitive detectors and their methods for improving photon sensitivity : the CMOS low noise (sCMOS), the electron-multiplying CCD (emCCD) with signal multiplication by pixel and the ebCMOS with amplification by applied electric field. The method developped to detected single photon impacts with intra-pixel resolution on the ebCMOS sensor is presented. The second section compares the localization accuracy of these detectors in extreme conditions of very low photon flux (<10 photons/ frame). First the theoretical limit is calculated using the Cramér-Rao lower bound for significant parameter sets. An experimental comparaison of the detectors is then described. The setup provides of one or more point sources controlled in position, signal and background noise. The results allow a comparison of the experimental effectiveness, purity and localization accuracy. The last section describes two experiments with the ebCMOS camera. The first aims to track hundreds of quantum dots simultaneously at the Nanoptec center with the team of Christophe Dujardin. The second focuses on the swimming of bacteria at the surface at the Jolio Curie Institute with the team of Laurence Lemelle. The point sources tracking algorithm using single photons and the Kalman filter implementation developed for these experiments is alson described.