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Multi-skilling, an organisational strategy aimed at increasing the skill repertoire of the worker with the intent of facilitating the role and task flexibility among organisational members, is investigated.A literature review on the subject identified a number of factors contributing towards the development of a multi-skilled workforce. These ranged from the abolition of demarcation restrictions between jobs and skill-based pay systems, to the modification of the supervisory role. However, the literature fails to consider the role of technology in such developments. It was suggested that this was central to the development of skills.A framework was proposed that hypothesized a relationship between technological uncertainty the extent to which task activities are varied and difficult and skill requirements. It was further hypothesized that technology influences the structuring of activities within organisational subsystems. It was suggested that these would act either to facilitate or inhibit multi-skilling development.The structuring of activities within a unit consist of specialisation (the number of different tasks assigned to the unit); standardisation (the degree to which policies, rules, and procedures are formalised and used to guide action); interchangeability (the extent to which A can perform Bs job at short notice, and vice versa); locus of authority (the source of decision-making authority within the unit, for example, the supervisor rather than the worker); and skill heterogeneity (the variability in skill composition among unit members).A preliminary evaluation of the framework was carried out in an organisation engaged in the processing of mineral ore, with a largely semi-skilled workforce (N=165), where a multi-skilling programme was in progress.Evidence was presented that suggested a relationship between the level of technological uncertainty and ++ / skill development. However, the results failed to confirm the pervasive influence of technology with regard to the structuring of activities within subsystems. Instead, technological uncertainty was significantly related to the design of jobs, and specifically to the degree of the standardisation of jobs of organisational members. Also, contrary to the anticipated direction, there was an association between perceived standardisation of activities within subsystems and job satisfaction.

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The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the size of the Saudi Arabian manpower shortage in light of the Second Development Plan, (2) the number of skilled and semi-skilled workers that will be graduated from vocational and technical programs during the plan period, and (3) the factors that explain the major causes of the labor shortage problem. In order to accomplish these objectives, the study has considered two questions: (1) Is there a consistency between the manpower needs of skilled and semi-skilled workers and the vocational and technical training programs' output? (2) What are the major factors that explain the labor shortage in Saudi Arabia?

We develop a model to explain two-way migration of high-skilled individuals between countries that are similar in their economic characteristics. High-skilled migration results from the combination of workers whose abilities are private knowledge, and a production technology that gives incentives to firms for hiring workers of similar ability. In the presence of migration cost, high-skilled workers self-select into the group of migrants. The laissez-faire equilibrium features too much migration, explained by a negative migration externality. We also show that for sufficiently low levels of migration cost the optimal level of migration, while smaller than in the laissez-faire equilibrium, is strictly positive. Finally, we extend our model into different directions to capture stylized facts in the data and show that our baseline results also hold in these more complex modelling environments.

The inability of business owners to hire skilled employees affects the profitability of a small business. Small business owners may attain profitability by understanding the value of military veterans and cultivating strategies for the hiring and recruitment process. The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore strategies that business owners in Fayetteville, North Carolina used to recruit military veterans as a means to acquire skilled employees to maximize productivity, profitability, and sustainability. The conceptual framework of this study included human capital theory and recruitment theory. The purposive sample consisted of 6 participants who were small business owners. Data from interviews and supporting documents were processed and analyzed using data source triangulation to identify 3 emergent themes. Findings indicated that, for these 6 Fayetteville small business owners, job description and transition workshops, resume review and communication, and accommodations and benefits were key attributes related to the successful recruitment of military veterans as skilled employees. Specifically, streamlined hiring processes, relationship building, and access to resources were predictive of a successful hire. Knowledge barriers regarding hiring processes prevented efficient communication between small business owners and military veterans, but business owners cultivated strategies to help with hiring military veterans. The implications for positive social change include the potential for business owners to capitalize on the skills that military veterans bring to the civilian workforce, which in turn may improve the economy.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-22T12:11:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 amandareisalmeidasilva.pdf: 821062 bytes, checksum: 3bd797ee776accee1783b0947a774cfa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-26T20:28:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 amandareisalmeidasilva.pdf: 821062 bytes, checksum: 3bd797ee776accee1783b0947a774cfa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-26T20:28:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 amandareisalmeidasilva.pdf: 821062 bytes, checksum: 3bd797ee776accee1783b0947a774cfa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-17 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal investigar os determinantes pessoais e regionais da migração de trabalhadores no estado de São Paulo. São analisadas duas amostras de indivíduos, onde uma constituída por trabalhadores em geral e a outra por trabalhadores qualificados. Os dados individuais utilizados foram obtidos da base de dados Rais-Migra, e dados municipais provenientes do IBGE e Ipeadata. A metodologia aplicada aborda um modelo logit hierárquico, que considera as variáveis explicativas nos seus devidos níveis individual e municipal, para modelar a probabilidade de migrar. A metodologia estende-se para a análise exploratória dos dados espaciais (AEDE) que permite verificar de que forma a heterogeneidade espacial presente no nível municipal pode ser incorporada no modelo multinível. A análise hierárquica-espacial revelou que as características municipais no destino têm maior impacto na decisão de migrar dos trabalhadores qualificados. Eles são atraídos por cidades de grande porte que têm maior capacidade de geração de emprego, além de apresentar proporção relevante de seu produto determinada por empresas inovativas e exportadoras. As características individuais como idade, salário no destino, experiência e tamanho da empresa em que trabalha também se mostram importantes. / The present work aims to investigate the migration’s personal and regional determinants of migration of workers in the state of São Paulo. Two samples are examined, one composed by workers in general and another by skilled workers. The micro-data was obtained from Labor Ministery of Brasil (Rais-Migra), and data from municipalities from IBGE and Ipeadata. The methodology deals with a hierarchical logit model, which considers the variables in their proper individual and municipal levels, to model the determinants of worker’s mobility. The methodology extends to the spatial exploratory data analysis (ESDA) that lets us check how the spatial heterogeneity present at the municipal level can be incorporated into the multilevel model. Spacial-Hierarchical analysis revealed that the characteristics in the destination city has greater influence on decision to migrate of skilled workers. They are attracted to cities that have greater capacity to generate employment, and present relevant portion of their value-added determined by innovative and exporters companies. Individual characteristics such as age, wage at the destination, experience and size of company they work are also important.

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the process of internal migration in Peoples' Republic of China. It focuses on low-skilled rural migrant workers, their overall characteristics, role in the economy and their status within Chinese society. This analysis aims to prove that despite the fact that rural migrants represent an essential element of Chinese economy, and have contributed by a great deal to China's economic take-off, they are still a very discriminated group of Chinese society and are constantly facing violations of their rights.

Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS) / Brain drain has been labelled as one of the greatest development challenges facing African countries as it challenges capacity building, retention of skilled workers and sustained growth. Over the past two decades, a large number of Zimbabwean academics have left the country in search of economic opportunity and further academic training. This out-movement of academics has been exacerbated by political crisis and economic crisis in the country over the same period. Although some studies have sought to explain the causes, consequences and recommended policy responses to this human capital flight, they have not been able to critically assess, from the perspective of the emigrated academics, the conditions that would make them repatriate, their willingness to return to their home country and contribute to training, research and development; or their disposition towards engaging with Zimbabwean universities.