養分與睡眠的關聯是一個在睡眠科學上極具爭議性的課題。減低攝取蛋白質和碳水化合物會導致失眠，增加攝取總脂肪和油份會導致失眠。維生素和礦物質也被認為與失眠有關。此論文嘗試通過研究一般香港中國人的食習慣和失眠情況，進一步了解營養物質與失眠之間的關聯。此論文將會深入探討營養成分對失眠的影響。 / 背景和目標： 失眠是常見的睡眠障礙和公共衛生問題。失眠可分為三個亞型：難以啟動睡眠(DIM)、難以維持睡眠(DMS) 和過早覺醒類型(EMA)。然而，有關的研究多着重於外國人口。針對研究香港中國人口的失眠情況與營養成分關聯的資料相對比較少。此研究目的是找出在香港中國人口失眠與營養成分之間的關聯，有助研究失眠與營養成分之間的機制。據推測，失眠與營養成分之間於香港中國人口有關聯。香港中國人口失眠症患者的食特點跟其他地區人口會有所不同。失眠的三個亞型和營養成分之間的關聯會有所不同。 / 研究方法： 十三間學校被邀請進行了橫斷面研究。一百三十八位青少年(六十一男、七十七女) 以及一百七十三位成年人（八十四男、 八十九女）應邀參加這項研究。有關日常營養攝取量的資料，以自行申報的三天膳食記錄表取得。有關失眠症狀的評估，以自行申報的標準睡眠問卷（ISI）獲得。有關焦慮和抑鬱的評估，以自行申報的醫院焦慮抑鬱量表（HADS）取得。 / 研究結果與結論：分析顯示，失眠與減低攝取維生素A有關聯(成年人組別p = 0.02、青少年組別p = 0.01)，與減低攝取維生素D有關聯(成年人組別p = 0.02、青少年組別p = 0.01）和與減低攝取維生素E有關聯(成年人組別p = 0.02、青少年組別p = 0.01)。失眠綜合症與難以啟動睡眠(DIM)、難以維持睡眠(DMS) 和過早覺醒類型(EMA) 與減低攝取飽和脂肪、碳水化合物、維生素A 、維生素D、和維生素E有關聯。此研究證實了香港中國人口的失眠與營養成分之間有關聯。證實了香港中國人口失眠症患者的食特點跟其他地區人口有不同。證實了失眠的三個亞型和營養成分之間的關聯有不同。我們於這項研究成功找到與失眠有關的營養成分，有助研發以天然營養物質來解決香港中國人的失眠問題。 / The association of nutrients and sleep is a debatable question in sleep science. Some literatures suggest that sleep is enhanced by certain nutrients, while some other literatures suggest that sleep is deprived by certain nutrients causing insomnia. This dissertation attempts to address the association between nutrients and insomnia of Hong Kong Chinese Population. / Background and Objective: Insomnia is a common sleep disorder and a major public health issue. Insomnia could be classified into three subtypes: Difficulty in Initiating Sleep (DIS), Difficulty in Maintaining Sleep (DMS), and Early Morning Awakening (EMA). Vitamins and minerals are thought to be associated with insomnia. From literature reviews, studies in western population and in Asian population found that protein and carbohydrates, fat and oil are associated with insomnia. Insomnia could be affected by the availability of nutritional substances in individual’s diet. However, limited studies are done in Hong Kong Chinese population on the association between insomnia and nutrient components. The aim of this study is to find out the association between insomnia and nutrient components in-take in Hong Kong Chinese population. / Hypothesis: It is hypothesized insomnia and nutrient components would also have association in Hong Kong Chinese population. It is hypothesized the dietary characteristic of insomniac in Hong Kong Chinese population would be different from that of non-Hong Kong Chinese population, and it is hypothesized each insomnia subtype and nutrient components would have different association. / Method: A community-based cross-sectional study is conducted in 13 schools. There are 138 adolescents (61 male and 77 female) and 173 adults (84 male and 89 female) participated in this study. Information of daily nutrient intake is obtained by a self-administrated 3-day food diary, the assessment of insomnia symptom is obtained by a standard sleep questionnaire Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the assessment of anxiety and depression is obtained by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). / Results and Conclusion: Agree with the hypothesis, insomnia and nutrient component have association in Hong Kong Chinese population. The dietary characteristic of insomniac in Hong Kong Chinese population is different from that of non-Hong Kong Chinese population. Each insomnia subtype and nutrient component has different association. Multivariance analysis shows insomnia subtype Difficult Initiating Sleep (DIS), Difficult Maintaining Sleep (DMS), Early Morning Awakening (EMA), and overall insomnia syndrome associate with decreased in-take of vitamin A, vitamin D and vitamin E in both adults and adolescents. Decreased intake of saturated fat associates with insomnia subtype DMS and decreased intake of carbohydrate associates with insomnia subtype EMA in this study. Information from this study shines lights on the relationship of insomnia and nutrients in-take in the general population of Hong Kong Chinese. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Lau, Yin Wah Vivien. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-90). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Abstract: --- p.i-iv / Acknowledgements: --- p.v / Table of contents: --- p.vi-viii / List of Lists: --- p.ix / List of Tables: --- p.ix / List of Figures: --- p.ix / Objective --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Sleep Research --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Background and History of Sleep Research --- p.2-3 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Sleep Function and Consequence --- p.3-4 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators --- p.4-5 / Chapter 1.2 --- Insomnia --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- The Definition of Insomnia --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.1.1 --- Many Different Definitions of Insomnia Diagnostic Criteria --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.1.2 --- Diagnostic Criteria used for Insomnia in This Study --- p.6-8 / Chapter 1.2.1.3 --- Symptoms and Syndrome of Insomnia --- p.9-10 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- The Cost of Insomnia --- p.10-11 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- The Common Causes of Insomnia --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Cognitive-Behavioral Model of Insomnia --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Treatments of Insomnia --- p.14 / Chapter 1.2.6 --- Confounding Factors of Insomnia --- p.14 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Age, Education and Body Mass Effect on Sleep Pattern / Chapter 2.1 --- Age --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2 --- Education --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3 --- Body Mass --- p.17 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Mood, Pain, Sleep Hygiene, Drug, Caffeine and Alcohol Effect on Sleep Pattern / Chapter 3.1 --- Mood --- p.18 / Chapter 3.2 --- Pain --- p.18 / Chapter 3.3 --- Sleep Hygiene --- p.18 / Chapter 3.4 --- Drug --- p.20 / Chapter 3.5 --- Caffeine --- p.20 / Chapter 3.6 --- Alcohol --- p.20 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Nutrient Components / Chapter 4.1 --- Macro-nutrient --- p.21 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Carbohydrate --- p.21-22 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Fatty Acid --- p.22-23 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Protein --- p.23-24 / Chapter 4.2 --- Micro-nutrient --- p.24 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Vitamin B₁ (Thiamine) --- p.24 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Vitamin B₂ (Riboflavin) and Vitamin B₃ (Niacin) --- p.24-25 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Vitamin B₆ (Pyridoxine) --- p.25 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Vitamin B₁₂ (Cobalamin, Folate) --- p.25-26 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Vitamin A and Vitamin D --- p.26-27 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Choline and Phosphatidylcholine (Lecithin) --- p.27-28 / Chapter 4.2.7 --- Vitamin E and Vitamin C --- p.30 / Chapter 4.2.8 --- Iron --- p.30 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Nutrient Components and Insomnia / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.32 / Chapter 5.2 --- Social Perspective of Insomnia and Nutrients --- p.33 / Chapter 5.3 --- Biochemical Perspective of Insomnia and Nutrients --- p.33-34 / Chapter Chapter 6: --- Material and Method / Chapter 6.1 --- Sampling Method --- p.35 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Background --- p.35 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Method --- p.35 / Chapter 6.1.3 --- Population --- p.35 / Chapter 6.1.4 --- Questionnaire --- p.36 / Chapter 6.1.5 --- Food Diary --- p.36 / Chapter 6.2 --- Participant Recruitment Criteria --- p.38 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Major Inclusion Criteria for This Study --- p.38 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Major Exclusion Criteria for This Study --- p.38 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Ethical Considerations --- p.38 / Chapter 6.3 --- Statistic Analysis --- p.39 / Chapter 6.4 --- Quality Assessment and Data Extraction --- p.39 / Chapter 6.5 --- Hypothesis --- p.40 / Chapter Chapter 7: --- Results / Chapter 7.1 --- Demographic Data --- p.41 / Chapter 7.2 --- Overall Insomnia --- p.43 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Difficult Initiating Sleep (DIS) --- p.52 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Difficulty Maintaining Sleep (DMS) --- p.52 / Chapter 7.2.3 --- Early Morning Awakening (EMA) --- p.61 / Chapter 7.2.4 --- Insomnia Syndrome --- p.61 / Chapter Chapter 8: --- Discussion and Limitation / Chapter 8.1 --- Age and Insomnia --- p.71 / Chapter 8.2 --- Alcohol and Insomnia --- p.72 / Chapter 8.3 --- Caffeine and Insomnia --- p.72 / Chapter 8.4 --- Carbohydrate and Insomnia --- p.72-73 / Chapter 8.5 --- Vitamin E and Insomnia --- p.73 / Chapter 8.6 --- Vitamin A and Insomnia --- p.74 / Chapter 8.7 --- Vitamin D and Insomnia --- p.74 / Chapter 8.8 --- Saturated Fat and Insomnia --- p.75 / Chapter 8.9 --- Summary --- p.76 / Chapter Chapter 9: --- Limitation and Implications / Chapter 9.1 --- Limitation of This Study --- p.77 / Chapter 9.2 --- Implication to Further Study --- p.77-78 / Chapter 9.3 --- Implication to Clinical Intervention --- p.78-79 / Chapter Chapter 10: --- Executive Summary --- p.80-81 / Bibliography --- p.82-90

Sleep, emotions and pain are intimately connected, physiologically, by their location and utilization of the same brain centers and neurotransmitters. Sleep disturbances have been clinically observed in chronic pain populations; yet, no treatment program has formally addressed this aspect of patient care. It is hypothesized that a pain population (PN) will differ significantly from a non-injured workforce (WF) when reviewing quantitative and qualitative sleep data. This study strongly supports that sleep disturbances and socioeconomic decrements exist in chronic pain patients. Forty-seven variables were surveyed and 13 were found to show significant differences between the groups and seven were found to discriminate between the PN and WF groups at less than the .0001 level. A discriminant analysis was performed to determine the smallest model which could efficiently classify cases, according to successive root variables. The major discriminators are pain levels, medication, amount of sleep obtained and number of awakenings.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Chronic short sleep duration is also a significant public health problem and has been linked to several markers and outcomes of cardiovascular disease. To date, inconsistency of assessments of sleep duration and insufficiency, use of covariates, and cardiovascular disease measurement across studies limits strong conclusions about the relationship between sleep duration, sleep insufficiency, and cardiovascular disease. The current study examined the association between sleep duration, sleep insufficiency, and a marker of preclinical coronary heart disease (i.e., carotid intima-media thickness) in a community sample using a cross-sectional design. Some evidence for a relationship between sleep duration and cIMT was found, with longer sleep duration predicting higher cIMT in some segments. Additionally, the interaction between sleep duration and sleep insufficiency was significant. However, neither of these effects were significant after adjusting for age and in some cases race/ethnicity, suggesting demographics may explain this association. Actigraphy and sleep diary duration assessments demonstrated significantly different correlations with cIMT in some segments, suggesting the nature of the assessment method may impact the strength or direction of the relationship between sleep duration and cIMT. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

Few studies to date have investigated associations among work, family, and sleep outcomes. The following dissertation includes three studies that attempt to further understanding of such relationships by utilizing data from information technology workers within the Work, Family, and Health Network study. In Study 1, which is published in the Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, associations between work-to-family conflict, family-to-work conflict, family-supportive supervisor behaviors, and sleep outcomes, measured both subjectively and objectively, are examined in a cross-sectional sample. Study 2 investigates associations among work-to-family conflict, family-supportive supervisor behaviors, and subjective sleep outcomes within a seven-day daily diary framework. Furthermore, workplace characteristics are examined as moderators of these relationships. Study 3 explores the effect of a work-family intervention on sleep outcomes at the 18-month follow-up time point, in addition to mediators of the intervention effect on sleep outcomes over time.

One in three American older adults fall every year, making falls the leading cause of nonfatal injury treated in the emergency department (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2013). Fall-related injuries cost the United States healthcare system nearly $30 billion a year and result in 27,000 deaths per year (Burns, Stevens, & Lee, 2016). The risk of falls increases with age, occurring more often in women than man. Age-related muscle weakness and functional decline contribute to fall risk. Age-related changes in neuroendocrine hormone production and shifts in circadian rhythms promote sleep disorders, affecting nearly two-thirds of older adults. Poor sleep quality over time leads to drowsiness and impaired attention span and judgment. The purpose of this secondary analysis of a previously collected data set was to describe the relationships among frailty, subjective sleep quality, and falls in community-dwelling older adults. This secondary analysis also sought to determine the extent to which frailty and subjective sleep quality predict risk of future falls among community-dwelling older adults. Correlational analyses were performed to determine the nature and significance of the relationship between sleep quality and falls, frailty and falls, and sleep quality and frailty. A multiple regression analysis was performed to determine if sleep quality and frailty combined could predict falls. Frailty was found to account for a small variance in fall risk. However, sleep quality was not significantly related to falls nor was sleep quality predictive of falls. Risk for falls should be assessed at every clinical encounter and efforts to promote restful sleep should be addressed at least annually to reduce the risks of falls, functional decline, and sleep disorders among older adults in the community. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Le principal objectif de ce travail est l’étude de l’influence de la pesanteur sur la mécanique <p>respiratoire et le contrôle de la respiration, ainsi que sur les interactions cardio-respiratoires pendant les différents stades du sommeil. <p><p>Le chapitre introductif présente le contexte général et les objectifs de la thèse. Des sections abordant le sommeil, la respiration, et l’interaction cardio-respiratoire y sont présentées, résumant l’état actuel des connaissances sur les effets de la pesanteur sur chacun de ces systèmes. <p>Dans le deuxième chapitre, l’expérience “Sleep and Breathing in microgravity”, qui constitue la source des données à la base de ce travail, est présentée en détail. <p>L’étude des signaux de longue durée requiert avant tout de disposer d’outils performants <p>d’analyse des signaux. La première partie de la thèse présente en détail deux algorithmes :un <p>algorithme de détection automatique d’événements respiratoires (inspiration / expiration) <p>basé sur des réseaux neuronaux artificiels, et un algorithme de quantification de l’amplitude <p>et de la phase de l’arythmie sinusale pendant le sommeil, utilisant la méthode des ondelettes. <p>La validation de chaque algorithme est présentée, et leur performance évaluée. Cette partie <p>inclut aussi des courtes introductions théoriques aux réseaux de neurones artificiels ainsi <p>qu’aux méthodes d’analyse temps–fréquence (Fourier et ondelettes). <p>Une approche similaire à celle utilisée pour la détection automatique d’événements respiratoires a été appliquée à la détection d’événements dans des signaux de vitesse du sang <p>dans l’artère cérébrale moyenne, mesures obtenues par Doppler transcrânien. Ceci est le <p>sujet de la thèse annexe. <p>Ces deux algorithmes ont été appliqués aux données expérimentales pour extraire des <p>informations physiologiques quant à l’impact de la pesanteur sur la mécanique respiratoire et <p>l’interaction cardio-respiratoire. Ceci constitue la deuxième partie de la thèse. Un chapitre <p>est consacré aux effets de l’apesanteur sur la mécanique respiratoire pendant le sommeil. <p>Ce chapitre a mis en évidence, pour tous les stades de sommeil, une augmentation de la <p>contribution abdominale en microgravité, suivi d’un retour progressif vers des valeurs observées avant le vol. L’augmentation initiale était attendue, mais l’adaptation progressive <p>observée ne peut pas être expliquée par un effet purement mécanique, et nous suggère la <p>présence d’un mécanisme d’adaptation central. Un deuxième chapitre présente les résultats <p>comparant l’arythmie sinusale pendant le sommeil avant le vol, en apesanteur et après le retour sur terre. Le rythme cardiaque pendant le sommeil dans l’espace présente une moindre <p>variabilité. Les différences NREM–REM observées sur terre pour les influences vagales et sympathiques sont accentuées dans l’espace. Aucun changement significatif n’est présent pour <p>le gain et la différence de phase entre les les signaux cardiaque et respiratoire en comparant <p>le sommeil sur terre et en apesanteur. <p>La dissertation termine par une discussion générale du travail effectué, incluant les prin- <p>cipales conclusions ainsi que les perspectives qui en découlent. / Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished