Rapporten beskriver examensarbetet Gamla idéer med nya lösningar utfört av Erik Björk, avgångsstudent från utbildningsprogrammet möbeldesign vid Carl Malmsten Centrum för Träteknik & Design vid Linköpings universitet. Examensarbetet är genomfört i samarbete med IKEA of Sweden. Syftet med det designuppdrag som jag har genomfört i samband med examensarbetet har varit att ta fram fyra möbler utifrån givna förutsättningar i 7 olika möbelfabriker, som alla arbetar med massivt trä som råvara. Utifrån dessa förutsättningar skulle jag dels skapa produkter som tillvaratar materialets unika egenskaper och därigenom ej är möjliga att imitera i andra material. Dels ge produkterna originalitet och personlighet genom att utforska den skandinaviska identiteten och mitt egna ursprung samt kommunicera detta genom produkterna. Var produkt skall ha en historia att berätta. Att ta fram fyra möbler parallellt under 10 veckor har varit en utmaning. Stundvis har det känts som att en produkt hade varit nog men i efterhand är jag glad att det var fyra. Detta har gjort att tankar och idéer har kunnat ligga och gro under en tid utan att projektet har stannat upp. Antalet produkter har i detta fall varit avgörande. I och med det har jag kunnat bearbeta vissa produkter under tiden som andra har legat i träda. Resultatet består av fyra prototyper som ska utvärderas och eventuellt utvecklas för produktion.

The Swedish food retail industry is one with fierce competition, small product differentiation and increasingly disloyal customers. Consequently in order to create and retain loyal customers many of the stores offer some kind of loyalty schemes. The effectiveness of loyalty programs have been questioned, but it is proposed that in order for a loyalty program to be successful it must offer benefits that are perceived as valuable by customers. Thus the purpose of this qualitative study is to investigate how customers value loyalty programs and how this might affect them in a context where many companies reward their loyal customers. Customer perception of loyalty programs are considered to be grounded in multiple factors such as the design of the loyalty program as well as the competition in the industry. The empirical data was collected through semi-structured interviews with twelve respondents that shopped in a suburban area of Stockholm. The process of the study was influenced by the Grounded theory of method and as coding was used as the method of analysis, three themes related to how customers perceive reward components of loyalty program emerged: Offset of what I give and what I gain, Plan to have control of one’s finances and My perception of value is grounded in me.The findings of the study propose that a customer’s perception of reward components are influenced by what they are offered and by the overall design of the loyalty program. The most significant factor is however the customer self and where she is in life. This is displayed as different customers stated to have different reasons to join a loyalty program, mentioned different reward components as the most valuable one, highlighted different disadvantages as well as perceived the same reward components very differently.

Securing the production of ecosystem services, essential for human well-being, is a challenging taskthat has both social and ecological dimension. Calls for more adaptive institutional managementarrangements that not only account for the complex and cross-scale nature of ecosystems, but alsothe corresponding social dynamics of actors and institutions that manage those ecosystems haveemerged. Social network analysis is a tool increasingly used to empirically map and analyze suchsocial/institutional dynamics. In this study, social network analysis is used to investigate the socialnetwork of actors engaged in nature conservation in the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve “East VätternScarp Landscape”, Sweden. The results reveal a large network of 117 individuals representing 21organizations. The representatives in a collaborative project group perform both structural andfunctional bridging, why the group can be classified as a bridging organization. Members of thebridging organization are well-anchored among the people they represent. Hence, the objectives ofperipheral members are represented in the core, even though the network is highly centralized. Theinstitutional arrangements made visible in this study show many traits of adaptive co-management.Qualitative data on what type of information that flows through the network, and what effect thatthe network structure has on the production if ecosystem services is however lacking. This calls forfurther studies in the area.

Terrorism, regardless of motive, is a real threat against democracy and human rights, specifically in terms of this thesis – a threat against the right to life. But not all forms of terrorism are given the status which enables a prioritised and effective preventive strategy, and some domestic legislations show a tilt towards certain forms of terrorism – resulting in the neglect of other forms. This thesis uses a legal method combined with a theory deriving from critical security studies to examine Swedish legislation and official terrorism threat estimations in relation to international human rights law and the right to life. The review of the material reveals a tendency to highlight the threat from violent Islamic extremism and a reluctance to view white-supremacy groups as an equally grave potential threat. The conclusion that can be made from the analysis of the material is that the negligence of the white-supremacy movements does not result in a violation of the right to life. At the same time, the active inclusion of white-supremacy groups in legislation and threat-estimations could by effect result in a more effective protection of the right to life with regards to terror attacks.

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Aim: The aim of the paper is to critically review the book “Introduction to Private and Public Intelligence: The Swedish School of Competitive Intelligence” by Søilen (2005). The aim of the book has been to gather ideas and concepts about the subject of private and public intelligence for students to use in an introductory course. Structure: The paper is structured that first an introduction of the book is provided, after which the content of the book is presented by chapters. Thereafter, the discussion and conclusion about the book are presented. The book is structured as a systematic review of private and public intelligence. The book contains definitions, theories, discussions, practical examples, and analytical implications. Authorship: The author of the book, Klaus Solberg Søilen, is a professor and researcher at Halmstad University in Sweden. His research is mainly within the fields of management, intelligence studies, competitive intelligence, geoeconomics, digital marketing, etc. He has many years of experience within marketing research and auditing. Moreover, he serves on the board of several companies, as well as, operates as a consultant. He is also the editor of the Journal of Intelligence Studies in Business (JISIB). Audience: Students, professionals and anyone else who is interested in private and public intelligence. Impact: The book has been reviewed and citied from numerous authors. Most of them, agree with Søilen, and use the book as a foundation of the study of private and public intelligence. However, there are authors who argue against Søilen’s opinions.

Accessibility to public transport service allows mobility of people who do not have access to private cars and at the same time reduces adverse effects of motorized vehicles such as energy consumption, air pollution, etc. Government body promotes to use public transport to facilitate better living condition. However, a critical issue remains whether the public transportation services are sufficient to meet the demanded public transportation services. In this research, particular attention has been paid to the spatial transport service gap assessment by analyzing the demand and the supply of the public transportation services in Borlänge. The spatial aspects have been chosen based on Swedish socio-economic condition. The aim of the research is to find a generic methodology to ascertain the disparity between public transport demand and available supply of public transport especially on bus line 211, 213 & 216 in Borlänge Municipality and to visualize the disparity of transportation service using Geographical Information System (GIS) application at different areas along the bus line. The result indicates that existing public transport provided by Dalatrafik has a significant gap in Tronsjö, Milsbosjön, Milsbo and Viksnäs between delivered transport supply and possible transportation service needed. This transportation gap may occur due to the deficiency of service capacity and low frequency of the services. Moreover, some topics can be explored for further research such as temporal service gap analysis at each area, find alternative means of transport, flexible transportation service and etc. to improve the public transportation system in Borlänge.

To reduce the rate of global warming the EU has implemented the European Union EmissionTrading Scheme (EU ETS) as the world’s largest Cap and Trade system in an ambitiousattempt to reduce greenhouse gases with high cost-effectiveness. However, Cap and Tradetheory stipulates that transaction costs should be low for a Cap and Trade system to workeffectively. There is a possibility that small actors producing district heating and electricitypay too large a part of their costs in transaction cost, thereby making the EU ETS fail in itseffort to reduce emissions in the most cost effective way. To research this, interviews withrepresentatives from ten small producers of district heating and electricity in Sweden whereconducted. This study details their time and cost necessary to administrate the EU ETS. Theresults showed that transaction costs where high at around 50%. The cause for the hightransaction costs are the administrative requirements necessary to fulfill the legal obligationsin the EU ETS, a system that requires a little less than a week to administrate. Despite thehigh transaction costs the EU ETS does not lower the energy producers CO2 emissions, sincebio-fuel is already the preferred fuel. It is recommended is that the Swedish government usesthe possibility stipulated in the EU legislation to opt-out small emitters from the EU ETS.

Genuine advancement towards sustainable development requires broad-based popular supportfor prioritising the environment in our pursuit of social and economic progress. Since citieshave become the dominant human habitat of the century, it is especially critical that urbanpopulations adopt such sentiments. Yet, rapid urbanisation is severing perceived andexperienced links between people and nature, engendering an ‘extinction-of-experience’ asmodern life-styles are adopted and we cease to depend on local resources.Interdisciplinary perspectives on social learning suggest that communities that practicallyengage with nature constitute key forums for the creation and storage of knowledge andexperiences.This study goes further by investigating social learning and practice in locally managed greenareas which are also open to the public, in order to explore their capacity to nurtureexperienced based learning among wider sets of urban citizens. Extensive participatoryobservation and in-depth interviews have been conducted in a number of community gardensin Berlin over a period of 6 months.Findings show that community gardens support institutionally diverse sets of locally anchoredcommunities-of-practice where experienced based learning about nature is generated andstored.. Interestingly, local practice also nurtured experienced based learning about social,political and economic dimensions of life in the city.It is suggested that such open and experimental form of green area management hold promisefor tackling extinction-of-experience among the distinctively heterogeneous urbanpopulations of today. It also contends that community gardens foster progress towardssustainability on the local level through intertwining ecological and social concerns inlearning and practice on the ground.

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