Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 241).

[No abstract submitted] / Arts, Faculty of / Philosophy, Department of / Graduate

Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Program of Philosophy, Interpretation, and Culture, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thomas Hobbes is equally famous for his description of society without government being a perpetual war and his insistence that said war can be avoided if individuals come together and agree to create and obey a government. Unfortunately for Hobbes, the solution is not as simple as he portrays it to be. One problem is that Hobbes fails to explain how individuals will choose who will be a part of the newly created government. Without a compelling answer to this question, Hobbes cannot describe how individuals escape the perpetual violence and enter into a State. This thesis is an attempt to provide a sufficiently compelling answer to this problem. Though this problem has been addressed by other scholars including Jean Hampton and Peter Vanderschraaf, this thesis differs from previous inquiries by focusing on the role that the qualifications of candidates for sovereign play in an agreement being reached.

This paper is supposed to get an answer to how teenagers in a municipality in Kalmar Län in Sweden think about their individual role in a community. The essay is a comparative investigation at how age can affect teenagers's view at the community, based on contractualistic approach. The background issue clarifies the objectives and guidelines how the schools should work with the social norms and values. The method for this studie is a quantitative survey in which students in two different classes are compared. The method for comparing takes place using the theoretical position, which is based on the individual's social maturity in the Swedish society. The results showed that the younger students felt more sympathy and solidarity with their fellow men than the older students. This can be explained by the older students embraced empowerment to a greater extent.

鄧偉生. / "2001年9月" / 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2001. / 參考文獻 (leaves 69-72) / 附中英文摘要. / "2001 nian 9 yue" / Deng Weisheng. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2001. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 69-72) / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / 摘要 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一章： --- 導論 / Chapter 1.1. --- 契約論式的道德理論 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2. --- 本論文的主題 --- p.5 / Chapter 第二章： --- 道德的範圍與道德的行動者 / Chapter 2.1. --- 廣義與狹義的「道德」 --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3. --- 道德行動者 --- p.13 / Chapter 第三章： --- 契約主義的結構 / Chapter 3.1. --- 合理性 --- p.17 / Chapter 3.2. --- 一般理由與道德原則的無偏私性 --- p.22 / Chapter 3.3. --- 合理的反對 --- p.25 / Chapter 3.4. --- 非個人價値不能作爲一般理由 --- p.27 / Chapter 3.5. --- 處境較差者是否具有優先性 --- p.30 / Chapter 3.6. --- 總計與契約主義 --- p.33 / Chapter 3.7. --- 總結 --- p.40 / Chapter 第四章： --- 契約主義的困難與相對主義 / Chapter 4.1. --- 契約主義的困難 --- p.41 / Chapter 4.2. --- 契約主義與相對主義 --- p.51 / Chapter 4.3. --- 總結 / Chapter 第五章： --- 結論 --- p.64 / 參考書目 --- p.69

Chan, Ka Ho. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 203-208). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Dedication --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii -iv / Table of Contents --- p.v -vi / Acknowledgements --- p.vii -ix / Text / Introduction --- p.1-14 / Purpose --- p.1 / Background --- p.2-7 / Significance --- p.8 / Core Arguments --- p.9-10 / Approach --- p.11 -12 / Implications --- p.13 -14 / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Unqualified Cooperators in Social Cooperation and the Capabilities approach --- p.15-63 / Purpose --- p.15 / Structure --- p.16 / Part I --- p.17-29 / Part II --- p.30 -42 / Part III --- p.43 -61 / Conclusion --- p.62 / Way Forward --- p.63 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Ist Tension: Denial of Desert and the Principle --- p.64-104 / Purpose --- p.64 -65 / Structure --- p.66-67 / Part I --- p.68 -77 / Part II --- p.78 -85 / Part III --- p.86-103 / Conclusion --- p.104 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- 2nd Tension: Eudaimonistic Judgment and the Principle --- p.105 -144 / Purpose --- p.105 -106 / Structure --- p.107 / Part I --- p.108 -114 / Part II --- p.115 -125 / Part III --- p.126 -137 / Part IV --- p.138 -143 / Conclusion --- p.144 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Three Ways Forward --- p.145-188 / Purpose --- p.145-146 / Structure --- p.147 / Part I --- p.148 -167 / Part II --- p.168 -178 / Part III --- p.179 -187 / Conclusion --- p.188 / Conclusion --- p.189 -202 / Purpose --- p.189 / Summary --- p.190 -197 / Implications --- p.198 -199 / Possible Directions --- p.200 -201 / Limitations --- p.202 / Bibliography --- p.203-208

This study examines the corporate environmental disclosures of South African mining organisations from 2009 to 2011 to establish the level and type of these environmental disclosures. An examination is made of mining organisations’ media articles to establish whether their environmental disclosures can be explained by the concept of an implicit social contract. Legitimacy theory posits that an organisation needs to be aware of all their stakeholders’ needs and needs to portray themselves as acting in line with stakeholder values and norms to ensure their continued success. Although environmental reporting has been on the strategic agenda of several organisations disclosures in South Africa, only a minority of research papers have explored how an environmental crisis may impact upon the provision of such disclosures. This paper will help fill this void by performing an examination of management communication strategies, organisational actions and the change in the level of environmental disclosures contained in the mining organisations’ annual report as a result of the acid mine drainage incident that occurred in late 2009. Media articles during and after the mining organisations’ legitimacy had been challenged were examined using Suchman’s (1995) three types of legitimacy: pragmatic, cognitive and moral to identify the type of legitimacy used in the context of a developing country. Regarding the annual report disclosures and media articles’ communication strategies, results were found to be consistent with the legitimacy theory. They indicate that South African mining organisations use mostly the repair strategy in attempting to change the perceptions of the public after an environmental crisis. The strategies utilised by the mining industry in the media disclosures are expected of an organisation in crisis. The mining industry used, primarily, repair strategies in interacting with its relevant stakeholders. The study’s finding that maintenance strategies were the least of the three types of legitimacies is consistent with an industry in crisis. Even though the mining industry primarily used the repair legitimisation tactic, the range of legitimacy techniques has proved to be a finding worth discussing. The mining industry did not completely avoid the event i.e. use disclaimer strategies. Overall, the mining organisations reacted to the heighted institutional pressures by increasing their environmental disclosures and disclosed environmental information that conformed to stakeholders’ values and persuaded society to view acid mine drainage as less problematic than it was reported to be.

Thesis advisor: Christopher J. Kelly / This dissertation is an attempt to elucidate Jean-Jacques Rousseau's answer to the question "why keep a promise?" with the aim of answering the more particular political question of why one should keep the social contract. I begin by explicating Rousseau's arguments against natural law in order to demonstrate why the theme of promises is so important for his political thought. Rousseau rejects the position that natural moral inequalities among people dictate who should rule and who should be ruled. Like other modern political thinkers, he maintains that political right derives from each citizen's signing of the social contract. But unlike some other modern thinkers, Rousseau denies that the self-interest of each individual is sufficient motivation for keeping that contract. Moreover, he argues that one who is merely self-interested and who makes promises "only for profit" will "set himself in contradiction with himself." I show the nature and causes of this contradiction in the soul. But although self-interested, deceitful promises cause one to come into contradiction with oneself, Rousseau does not believe that even awareness of this fact can sufficiently motivate people to give up the desire for what can be gained by deception. I therefore turn to the question of what can provide this motivation. I first examine Rousseau's understanding of moral freedom, virtue, and the conscience. I find that virtue is constituted by the commands of reason and the conscience, and that the conscience is formed out of well-ordered sentiments. Having these sentiments and the strength of soul necessary for virtue can make a person keep his promises and avoid coming into contradiction with himself. But most people lack this strength of soul, and therefore belief in a providential God is needed in order for them to be just. I then show how the faith of Rousseau's Savoyard Vicar is capable of providing sanctity to the social contract by allowing for the civic-minded appropriation of what Rousseau calls "the language of sign." / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2014. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Political Science.

稿本 / 論文(碩士)--香港中文大學硏究院哲學學部,1992. / 參考文獻: leaves i-vii / 盧傑雄. / Chapter （I) --- 導論 / Chapter (II) --- 道德危機與契約論 / Chapter (II.1) --- 道德危機之形成 / Chapter (II.2) --- 工具理性與道德証成 / Chapter (II.3) --- 經濟人(Homo economicus)與契約論 / Chapter (II.4) --- 市場與道德功能 / Chapter (III) --- 高契爾的契約式道德理論 / Chapter （III.1) --- 理性的個人與合理的選擇 / Chapter (III.2) --- 零和對局(Zero-sum Gsme)與非零和對局 (Non-zero-sum Game) / Chapter (III.2.1) --- 二人零和對局中的合理選擇原 則 / Chapter （III.2.2) --- 二 人非零和對局與囚徒的兩難 / Chapter (III.3) --- 合理的選擇理論與契約式的道德理 論 / Chapter (III.3.1) --- 初始的討價還價境況（initial bargaining position 與洛克式條件 (Lockean Proviso)) / Chapter （III.3.2) --- 大中取小地相對的退譲原則 (The minimax relative concession principle)與分配的公正原則 / Chapter (IV) --- 遵從間題(The Compliance problem) 與合理的道德 (Rational morality) / Chapter (V) --- 遵從道德原則：理性還是不理性? / Chapter (V.1) --- 循瓌問題 / Chapter （V.2) --- 性向的間題 / Chapter (V.3) --- 合理的性向與自由的選擇