This thesis examines the role of the indigenous movement in Ecuador on the ongoing process of democratization in that country. My study demonstrates that a comprehensive social movement such as Ecuador's indigenous movement has great potential for having a positive impact on democracy. However, these movements are not without their shortcomings which are clearly demonstrated by some of the actions of CONAIE. This study also points out several factors which are crucial in determining social movements' effect on democracy. / Master of Arts

San Felipe de Neri, a neighborhood located in the Historic District of Panama, is the object of physical, economic and social transformations that are affecting its residents' daily lives. Revitalization and gentrification drive these transformations as wealthy Panamanians invest in the neighborhood, and affluent foreigners flock to it since it became a World Heritage Site in 1997. This dissertation addresses perceptions and reactions residents have because of these physical, economic and social challenges. This study poses four main questions: 1. What physical, economic, and social (quality of life) changes have taken place in the Historic District of San Felipe from the early twentieth century to the present? To what extent are these changes the result of global processes, local processes, or both? 2. How do residents perceive these changes? Is there any significant difference in opinions and attitudes among residents regarding changes that revitalization and gentrification impose on the neighborhood? If so, how and why are they different? 3. To what extent have residents participated in these transformations? and 4. How do residents who have been relocated perceive these changes? My research analyzes Smith's five characteristics of a third wave of gentrification: first, the transformed role of the state; second, the penetration by global finance; third, changing levels of political opposition; fourth, geographical dispersal; and fifth, the sectoral generalization of gentrification and its relevance for my case study of San Felipe. This methodology enlists quantitative and qualitative methods to address these research questions to gain insight about residents' perspectives regarding these transformations. Findings indicate that both residents and ex-residents of San Felipe view the outcomes of revitalization and gentrification in mixed ways. Both groups mostly agree that the improvement of the physical conditions of the neighborhood is a positive outcome for preserving the material heritage, and for encouraging international and national tourism benefiting the country. Regardless of their economic and social status, residents claim that the place where they have lived for a long time is no longer theirs, except in their memories. They face the threat of eviction and an uncertain future. Former residents—those who have been displaced—have mixed views as well. On the one hand, they have improved their living standards because they now have better housing infrastructures. On the other hand, their new locations are scattered about the city and are often in dangerous areas that lack the amenities of San Felipe. Others feel that in the process they have lost a home; a place filled with meaningful memories and to which one day they dream of returning. A diverse residential population is the only way to save historic centers from becoming museums that present a pastiche and a 'façadism' catered to the international consumer. Preserving the human and physical patrimony is the most viable way to achieve sustainability and development in historic areas. Associations had no permanent places to meet with residents. This eroded the desire of residents to participate, and encouraged them to accept whatever owners wanted to give them to move out of the neighborhood. In the end, they became disenfranchised. A lack of both leadership and strong social movements, and the dissemblance of grass-root organizations through co-optation, clientelism, and even deception became the norm in the neighborhood. / Ph. D. / This dissertation explains the transformations of San Felipe de Neri, a neighborhood (<i>barrio</i>) that is part of the Historic District of Panama. The barrio is challenged by revitalization and gentrification. I study the physical, economic and social changes that have confronted this neighborhood since 1997, the year it was declared a World Heritage Site. The study period continues until 2008 and enlists qualitative and quantitative approaches. Beyond the transformations of the neighborhood, I analyze how residents and ex-residents of this neighborhood perceive these changes and how, in turn, those have affected their lives. This research posited these key questions: What physical, economic, and social changes have residents and ex-residents observed in this neighborhood? Are these changes part of global processes, local processes or both? How do they perceive these changes? Are there differences in their opinions? Both residents and ex-residents perceive revitalization and gentrification with mixed results. On one hand, they consider the improvement of selected parts of the built environment and tourism promotion as positive outcomes. On the other hand, residents and ex-residents believe strongly that revitalization and gentrification create eviction and displacement and threaten neighborhood diversity. The urban social movement of resisting gentrification was unsuccessful because of an inability to garner sufficient political and economic resources despite the strong feeling of place attachment among those who remained and those who left the barrio.

El propósito de este artículo es analizar cómo los activistas del movimiento español de protesta 15M conceptualizan las prácticas organizativas en relación con los objetivos del movimiento. Ubicamos el concepto ¿organización parcial¿ en el contexto de la política de prefiguración. Empíricamente, el trabajo se basa en la investigación de campo realizada en España durante tres años (2014-2016), que incluyó 36 entrevistas cualitativas y observaciones participantes. Los hallazgos indican que los activistas consideran, de un lado, a las prácticas organizacionales como medios cruciales para lograr el cambio social y, de otro lado, a las organizaciones como organizaciones parciales, específicamente, para lograr una membresía abierta y estructuras no jerárquicas. Al hacer esto para implementar las metas del movimiento de manera prefigurativa en sus prácticas organizativas diarias, son ampliamente aceptados los límites y restricciones de las prácticas de auto-organización. Al contribuir a una comprensión más profunda de la filosofía subyacente de organizaciones de movimientos sociales, este artículo debería ser útil para activistas y académicos del movimiento social.

本研究針對三個重要層面（論述、鬥爭和情感的過程）進行探索，討論社會運動中反對勢力框架的建構和發展。本文將先探討社會運動如何在論述層面上建構框架，令運動框架取得認受性並挑戰主流霸權論述；是次研究亦會討論互聯網時代如何影響框架爭奪戰的進行；最後，本文將分析框架美學化的現象如何影響社會運動的動員。本研究以香港的菜園村抗爭運動作為案例，並採用文本分析、訪問及參與式觀察等研究方法。 / 本文旨在擴充框架分析的討論層面：除探討其認知層面外，本文更試圖討論框架建構中被忽略的面向：情感性層面。此外，本文亦會分析框架爭奪戰的場境如何在互聯網時代被擴大。 / 在認知層面上，本文發現在論述性的框架建構過程中，若框架的理念能充分回應社會、政治及文化上的斷裂，框架動員力便會提高。此外，在運動過程中，策略性的框架轉化亦有助號召不同界別的群體參與。 / 在鬥爭層面上，本文指出在互聯網時代，社會運動與政府、主流傳媒進行框架爭奪戰的場境已被伸延及擴大。而互聯網所造就的分散式競爭能量及沉積性網絡結構則對運動於框架爭奪戰過程中有利。 / 最後，在情感層面上，本文認為近年社會運動中採用的美學化運動手段，有助運動在情感和道德價值上動員群聚，因美學化的框架不單有助社會運動鞏固其內部聯繫，對民眾整體都有吸引力。 / This study investigates the construction and development of opposition frames in a social movement by exploring three important dimensions: the discursive, contested, and affective processes. This study first elucidates how counter-frames can be discursively constructed to gain legitimacy in challenging the dominant hegemonic belief. Second, the study reviews how the framing processes have been influenced by the Internet in the digital era. Finally, it investigates how the aestheticization of frames relates to the affective mobilization of a movement. These questions were addressed through the case of the Tsoi Yuen resistance movement, a two-year struggle in Hong Kong. To this end, textual analysis, interviews, and participant observations are employed. / This study seeks to elaborate upon the framing perspective by discussing not only the cognitive meaning alignment processes, but also expanding the theoretical discussion in the affective dimension of framing, which is an under-explored area. In addition, it contributes to the investigation of the expanded frame contestations in the Internet era. / On the cognitive level, this thesis argues that the discursive framing strategies have worked best when meanings are activated by exploiting the social, political, and cultural cleavages in post-colonial Hong Kong. In addition, the transformation of framing strategies can facilitate mobilizations across a variety of groups of targets when different cleavages are echoed. / For the contested framing processes, it is argued that the media ecology of the framing contest between the movement’s frames and the dominant frames constructed by the government and the mainstream media have been considerably enlarged by the Internet. The distributed contested power and sedimentary networks emerging in the Internet era are enabling the contested processes in the frame battle. / Finally, on the affective level, this study argues that the series of aesthetic movement tactics employed in social movements enhance the affective dimension of framing processes through the mediation of the emotional and moral components. Aestheticized frames serve to consolidate engagements among the movement’s participants and to appeal to the publics at large. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Ma, Lai Yee. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 262-281). / Abstracts also in Chinese.

Review of Encyclopedia of American Social Movements. Immanuel Ness M.E. Sharpe. 2003. 4v, 0765680459, $399.00

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008. / Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 293-308).

Thesis (M. A. in Sociology)--Vanderbilt University, Dec. 2009. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Ed.)--York University, 2006. Graduate Programme in Education. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-158). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR19677

Thesis (Ph.D.)--McMaster University, 2006. / Supervisor: Petra Rethmann. Includes bibliographical references (p. 385-397).

Thesis (MA)--University of Montana, 2007. / Contents viewed on March 26, 2010. Title from author supplied metadata. Includes bibliographical references.