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The adaptation of the Clark (1997) treatment for social phobia into a group therapy format, and a preliminary evaluationKannan, Swetha January 2002 (has links)
Clark and Wells (1995) constructed a comprehensive cognitive model of social phobic behaviour, in terms of which social phobic behaviour is activated and maintained by a system consisting of negative thoughts and beliefs, anxiety s)mptoms, avoidance and safety behaviours, and processing of self as a social object. The interaction of these elements creates a series of vicious circles which escalate and which keep the phobic individual in a state of chronic -disability, either because they chronically avoid significant social situations or because they find themselves incapacitated by anxiety when they enter them. The Clark and Wells (1995) treatment programme is designed to alleviate the social phobia by targeting the components that form the vicious maintenance cycle and replacing these by new patterns of cognition and behaviour. This treatment programme was designed for individual treatment, and the present study adapted it to a group format. Seven social phobic university students participated in the adapted group treatment format over the course of 13, 2-hour group sessions. Regular assessment of participants' response to the programme was carried out weekly and at two follow-up assessments, with the use of a series of questionnaires. In addition, sessions were audio taped and videotaped, facilitators took notes during sessions and keep records made by participants of their homework exercises. Individual case studies were written for all participants (including two non-completers) in which case narratives were juxtaposed against their responses to each of the self-report questionnaires. These we used as a basis for evaluating the validity of the Clark and Wells theoretical model and in examining the effectiveness of the treatment programme in bringing to awareness and interrupting the cycles that maintained the phobic behaviour. It is concluded that the group programme showed evidence of being very effective and, a group treatment manual was constructed so that it can be employed clinically and in future research.
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Kognitiewe terapie en blootstelling in die behandeling van sosiale fobieNortje, Charl 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to investigate and compare the effectiveness of a combined exposure and
cognitive restructuring programme versus exposure only in the treatment of social phobia.
The 44 participants in the study met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for social phobia at pre-treatment
assessment, and presented mainly with general interactional social fears. They were allocated to a group
which received a combined exposure and cognitive restructuring treatment (n = 15), a group treated with
exposure only (n = 15), and a waiting-list control group (n = 14). For treatment purposes, both treatment
groups were subdivided into two smaller groups of 7 and 8 participants each.
The effects and differential effects of the treatments were compared in terms of four broad categories of
variables: target phobia variables (anxiety/avoidance/escape in relation to a specific target phobia), social
phobia variables (associated with the degree, nature, aspects and/or consequences of social phobia),
cognitive variables (thought functionality, fear-of-negative-evaluation, and attentional bias), and severity
of depression.
Participants were individually assessed before treatment, immediately after treatment, and at follow-up
after three months. Treatment were conducted by two co-therapists in 12 weekly group sessions of two
hours each.
Compared to a waiting-list control condition, both treated groups showed a significant improvement of the
target phobia variables at post-treatment and, with the exception of target phobia anxiety for the exposure
only condition, the significant effects were maintained at follow-up after three months.
As for the social phobia variables, cognitive restructuring and exposure combined showed a significantly
larger improvement compared to the waiting-list control condition on four of the variables (social phobia
avoidance, social phobia observation anxiety, social phobia general symptomatology, and social phobia
disturbance/disablement), and these significant effects were maintained at follow-up. The exposure only
group showed significantly larger effects on only two variables (social phobia avoidance and social phobia
disturbance/disablement) and only the effects on social phobia avoidance were maintained for the followup
period of three months.
With regard to the cognitive variables, the combined treatment led to significanly larger improvements in
thought functionality compared to the waiting-list control condition and these effects were maintained at
follow-up. No other significant differences between the effects of any of the treatments and the waiting-list
control condition were demonstrated at post-treatment or at follow-up on any of the cognitive variables.
Only the combined treatment resulted in significantly larger reductions in the severity of depression, The
effects were maintained for the follow-up period of three months. Compared to the waiting-list control condition, the combined treatment resulted in improvement over a
broader spectrum of social phobia symptomatology than exposure only at post-treatment and follow-up.
The two treatments were also directly compared in terms of their effects on each of the dependent
variables and the differences were largely insignificant at both post-treatment and follow-up. Only in terms
of thought functionality tentative indications of a possible larger effect for the combined treatment were
found. However, if this was the case, the differences were cancelled out at follow-up.
It seems that both the combined treatment and exposure only were effective treatments for social phobia
and that the combined treatment might have demonstrated slightly better results. These findings support
the emerging view that the most important cognitive-behavioral treatments of social phobia do not differ
greatly in terms of efficacy. It also offer support for the view of prominent researchers on social phobia
outcome, namely that treatment effects are less dependent on procedural variations than on other critical
elements, such as the length and frequency of treatment sessions, and exposure to the critical elements
of patients' social fears. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om die effektiwiteit van 'n gekombineerde blootstelling en kognitiewe
herstruktureringsprogram teenoor blootstelling alleen in die behandeling van sosiale fobie te ondersoek
en te vergelyk.
Die 44 deelnemers aan die studie het voor behandeling aan die DSM-IV diagnostiese kriteria vir sosiale
fobie voldoen en met oorwegend algemene interaksionele vrese gepresenteer. Hulle is verdeel in 'n
groep wat met kognitiewe herstrukturering en blootstelling gekombineerd behandel is (n = 15), 'n groep
wat slegs blootstelling ontvang het (n = 15), en 'n waglys-kontrolegroep (n = 14). Vir
behandelingsdoeleindes is die behandelingsgroepe in twee subgroepe van onderskeidelik 7 en 8
deelnemers elk verdeel.
Die effekte en differensiële effekte van die behandelings is in terme van die volgende vier breë kategorieë
veranderlikes ondersoek: teikenfobie-veranderlikes (angslvermyding/ontsnapping ten opsigte van 'n
spesifieke fobie), sosialefobie-veranderlikes (wat verband hou met die graad, aard, aspekte en/of gevolge
van sosiale fobie), kognitiewe veranderlikes (gedagte-funksionaliteit, vrees-vir-negatiewe-evaluasie en
aandagsverdraaiing), en graad van depressie.
Deelnemers is individueel beoordeel voor behandeling, onmiddellik na afloop daarvan en na 'n 3-
maande-opvolgperiode. Behandeling deur twee ko-terapeute het in 12 weeklikse groepsessies van twee
uur elk geskied.
In vergelyking met die waglys-kontrolekondisie, het beide behandelings tot 'n beduidende verbetering van
die teikenfobie-veranderlikes by nameting gelei en, met uitsondering van teikenfobie-angs by die
blootstellingsbehandeling, is die beduidende effekte vir 'n opvolgperiode van drie maande volgehou.
Wat die sosialefobie-veranderlikes betref, het kognitiewe herstrukturering plus blootstelling 'n beduidend
groter verbetering in vergelyking met die waglys-kontrolekondisie op vier veranderlikes (sosialefobievermyding,
sosialefobie-observasie-angs, sosialefobie-algemenesimptomato/ogie, en sosialefobieongemak/
belemmering) tot gevolg gehad en is die beduidende effekte vir 'n opvolgperiode van drie
maande volgehou. Daarenteen het die blootstellingsgroep slegs ten opsigte van twee veranderlikes
(sosialefobie-vermyding en sosialefobie-ongemak/belemmering) tot beduidend groter effekte aanleiding
gegee, waarvan die effekte net op een van die twee veranderlikes (sosialefobie-vermyding) vir 'n
opvolgperiode van drie maande in stand gehou is.
Ten opsigte van die kognitiewe veranderlikes, het kognitiewe herstrukturering plus blootstelling, in
vergelyking met die waglys-kontrolekondisie, tot 'n beduidende verbetering van gedagte-funksionaliteit
gelei wat vir 'n opvolgperiode van drie maande in stand gehou is. Geen ander beduidende verskille
tussen die effekte van behandelings en die waglys-kontrolekondisie is vir enige van die ander kognitiewe
veranderlikes by nameting of opvolg gedemonstreer nie. Slegs die gekombineerde behandeling het tot beduidend groter verlagings van die graad van depressie
gelei wat vir 'n opvolgperiode van drie maande gehandhaaf is.
In vergelyking met die waglys-kontrolekondisie, het die gekombineerde behandeling dus tot 'n
beduidende verbetering oor 'n breër basis van sosialefobie-simptomatologie as blootstelling alleen by
nameting en opvolg aanleiding gegee.
Die twee behandelings is ook direk met mekaar in terme van effekte op elkeen van die afhanklike
veranderlikes vergelyk en die verskille was by nameting en opvolg grootliks onbeduidend. Dit is slegs ten
opsigte van gedagte-funksionaliteit dat daar tentatiewe aanduidings was dat die gekombineerde
behandeling moontlik 'n beduidend groter verbeterende effek as blootstelling alleen kon gehad het, maar
indien dit so was, was hierdie verskille by die opvolgmeting reeds uitgewis.
Dit wil dus voorkom asof beide die gekombineerde behandeling en blootstelling alleen effektiewe
behandelings vir sosiale fobie was en dat eersgenoemde dalk effens beter resultate kon gelewer het.
Hierdie resultate ondersteun die standpunt wat tans besig is om op grond van navorsing te ontwikkel,
naamlik dat daar nie betekenisvolle groot verskille in die effektiwiteit van die belangrikste kognitiefgedragsterapeutiese
behandelings van sosiale fobie is nie. Dit bied ook steun vir die standpunt van
prominente navorsers op die gebied van sosiale fobie uitkomsnavorsing dat behandelingseffek minder
afhang van verskille in prosedure-variasies as van ander kritieke elemente, soos byvoorbeeld die lengte
en frekwensie van die behandelingsessies en blootstelling aan die kritieke elemente van die sosiale
vrese.
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Acceptance and commitment therapy for generalized social anxiety disorder : a pilot study /Dalrymple, Kristy L. Herbert, James D. January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Drexel University, 2005. / Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-98).
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Efeitos de uma intervenção comportamental com treino de habilidades sociais para universitários com fobia social /Rocha, Juliana Ferreira da. January 2012 (has links)
Resumo: Os universitários são expostos a uma diversidade de situações sociais que repetidas vezes são enfrentadas com dificuldade e tentativas de esquiva, o que constitui fator de risco para a fobia social. Fobia social tem sido considerada um grave problema de saúde mental em função das incapacidades no desempenho em situações socias. A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo avaliar os efeitos de um procedimento de intervenção comportamental que inclui treino de habilidades sociais para universitários com fobia social. Foi utilizado um delineamento de linha de base múltipla com quatro universitários, sendo dois homens e duas mulheres, na faixa etária entre 19 e 31 anos, com diagnóstico de fobia social, sem comerbidades, obtido a partir da Entrevista Clínica Estruturada para o DSM-IV (SCID-I). Três universitários passaram pelo processo de intervenção e um respondeu apenas aos instrumentos, em diferentes momentos da pesquisa. As habilidades sociais e o diagnóstico do transtorno dos participantes foram avaliados antes da intervenção, após, e em seguimento, quatro meses depois, com a aplicação da SCID-I, do Mini-Inventário de Fobia Social (Mini-SPIN), do Questionário de Avaliação de Comportamento e Contextos de Vida para Estudantes Universitários (Q-ACC-VU) e do Inventário de Habilidades Sociais (IHS), instrumentos que avaliaram as medidas de produto. As medidas de processo, avaliadas a cada sessão, foram obtidas com a aplicação de uma lista de Verificação de comportamentos (checklist), Questões de Avaliação do Desempenho e Tarefas de Casa. O delineamento adotado foi o de linha de base multipla com sujeito único. A intervenção foi realizada no Centro de Psicologia Aplicada de uma universidade pública, contou com 12 encontros semanais com duas horas de duração conduzidos pela própria pesquisadora. Os resultados... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo). / Abstract: The university students are exposed to a diversity of social situations that for frequent times ara confronted with difficulty and attempts of shunning, which constitute factor of risk to the social phobia. Social Phobia has been considered a serious mental health problem as a function of the disabilities in the development in social situations. The present research has as a goal to evaluate the effects of a behavioral intervention procedure which includes practice os social skills to university students with social phobia. An outline of multiple baseline was used with four university students, whose two men and two women, 19 and 31 year-old age group, diagnosed as social phobia, with no diseases, obtained from the Structured Clinical Interview to the DSM-IV (SCID-I). There univesitystudents went through the intervention process and one of them answered only to the instruments, in different moments of the research. The social skills and the diagnosis of the diasease of the participants were evaluated before the intervention, after, and in the sequence, four months later, with teh application of the SCID-I, of the Social Phobia Mini-Inventory (Mini-SPIN), of the Survey of Evaluation of Behaviors and Contexts of Life to University Students (Q-ACC-VU) and of the Inventory of Social Skills (IHS), instruments that evaluated the measurements of product. The measurements of process, evaluated in every section, were obtained with the application of a Behavior Checklist. Questions of Development and Homework Evaluation. The adopted outline was the one of a multiple base line with an only character. The intervention was held at Centro de Psicologia Aplicada in a public university, there were 12 weekly meetings for two hours each guided by the researcher herself. The results showed that the participants... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Alessandra Turini Bolsoni-Silva / Coorientador: Ana Cláudia Moreira Almeida Verdu / Banca: Sonia Regina Loureiro / Banca: Sandra Regina Gimeniz-Paschoal / Mestre
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Efeitos de uma intervenção comportamental com treino de habilidades sociais para universitários com fobia socialRocha, Juliana Ferreira da [UNESP] 27 January 2012 (has links) (PDF)
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rocha_jf_me_bauru.pdf: 728958 bytes, checksum: af19223b07943e39abb4b152819659de (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Os universitários são expostos a uma diversidade de situações sociais que repetidas vezes são enfrentadas com dificuldade e tentativas de esquiva, o que constitui fator de risco para a fobia social. Fobia social tem sido considerada um grave problema de saúde mental em função das incapacidades no desempenho em situações socias. A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo avaliar os efeitos de um procedimento de intervenção comportamental que inclui treino de habilidades sociais para universitários com fobia social. Foi utilizado um delineamento de linha de base múltipla com quatro universitários, sendo dois homens e duas mulheres, na faixa etária entre 19 e 31 anos, com diagnóstico de fobia social, sem comerbidades, obtido a partir da Entrevista Clínica Estruturada para o DSM-IV (SCID-I). Três universitários passaram pelo processo de intervenção e um respondeu apenas aos instrumentos, em diferentes momentos da pesquisa. As habilidades sociais e o diagnóstico do transtorno dos participantes foram avaliados antes da intervenção, após, e em seguimento, quatro meses depois, com a aplicação da SCID-I, do Mini-Inventário de Fobia Social (Mini-SPIN), do Questionário de Avaliação de Comportamento e Contextos de Vida para Estudantes Universitários (Q-ACC-VU) e do Inventário de Habilidades Sociais (IHS), instrumentos que avaliaram as medidas de produto. As medidas de processo, avaliadas a cada sessão, foram obtidas com a aplicação de uma lista de Verificação de comportamentos (checklist), Questões de Avaliação do Desempenho e Tarefas de Casa. O delineamento adotado foi o de linha de base multipla com sujeito único. A intervenção foi realizada no Centro de Psicologia Aplicada de uma universidade pública, contou com 12 encontros semanais com duas horas de duração conduzidos pela própria pesquisadora. Os resultados... . / The university students are exposed to a diversity of social situations that for frequent times ara confronted with difficulty and attempts of shunning, which constitute factor of risk to the social phobia. Social Phobia has been considered a serious mental health problem as a function of the disabilities in the development in social situations. The present research has as a goal to evaluate the effects of a behavioral intervention procedure which includes practice os social skills to university students with social phobia. An outline of multiple baseline was used with four university students, whose two men and two women, 19 and 31 year-old age group, diagnosed as social phobia, with no diseases, obtained from the Structured Clinical Interview to the DSM-IV (SCID-I). There univesitystudents went through the intervention process and one of them answered only to the instruments, in different moments of the research. The social skills and the diagnosis of the diasease of the participants were evaluated before the intervention, after, and in the sequence, four months later, with teh application of the SCID-I, of the Social Phobia Mini-Inventory (Mini-SPIN), of the Survey of Evaluation of Behaviors and Contexts of Life to University Students (Q-ACC-VU) and of the Inventory of Social Skills (IHS), instruments that evaluated the measurements of product. The measurements of process, evaluated in every section, were obtained with the application of a Behavior Checklist. Questions of Development and Homework Evaluation. The adopted outline was the one of a multiple base line with an only character. The intervention was held at Centro de Psicologia Aplicada in a public university, there were 12 weekly meetings for two hours each guided by the researcher herself. The results showed that the participants... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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