Recent work indicates that microorganisms present in soils can remove carbon monoxide from the atmosphere and as such constitutes a major sink. B.E.T. adsorption studies were carried out on representative soils from the Willamette Valley River Basin in order to determine their adsorptive characteristics for carbon monoxide and other gases. Attempts were made to isolate, through a non-soildestructive sterilization, the adsorptive characteristics of the soil microorganisms as well as of the test soil. The carbon monoxide studies show physical adsorption equivalent to the coverage of a few per cent of the surface area at 25.0° and 76 cm-Hg. Adsorption studies also shows that the soil rather then the microorganisms adsorbs most of the carbon monoxide. On sterilized soil, chemical sorption of oxygen was present and was probably caused by the oxidation of dead or damaged soil microorganisms. Hysteresis effects were present in all adsorption studies at 25.0° and appears to be a characteristic of the constituents of the soil and represents a new and as yet unexplained phenomenon.

Expansive soils contain clay minerals that undergo a change in bulk volume in response to variances in environmental conditions. The ability to predict the occurrence and geotechnical behavior of swelling soils with a known degree of certitude would allow engineers to take measures to limit the damage resulting from these metastable soils. Research was conducted to investigate the regional distribution, mineralogy, and engineering properties of expansive soils in the Tucson Basin. Mineralogic studies employed X-ray diffraction procedures for the identification of clay mineralogy. The compilation of expansion-related soil parameters, from the geotechnical job-files of a local engineering consulting firm, allowed the development of an engineering database. The application of geostatistical analysis for the cartographical representation of mineralogic and geotechnical data permitted a regional characterization of expansive clay soils. Clay mineralogy was found to be directly related to the volumetric stability displayed by native soils, as well as the geology of the Tucson Basin.

Submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg as a requirement for the Degree of Master of Science. Johannesburg, 1992. / The effect of sodium on clays dominates the formation and ecology of granitic eatenas in the Eastern Transvaal Lowveld. This study reviews the process involved and explains the soil, vegetation and erosion patterns in this landscape. Weathering parent rock gives rise to sodium in sufficient amounts to promote clay dispersion. Dispersed, mobile, clays respond to seasonal pulses of laterally moving soil water resulting in alternating zones of clay illuviation and clay deposition down hillslopes [Abbreviated Abstract. Open document to view full version] / AC2017

The Ethiopian Highlands have been studied extensively, hosting a large amount of research for development projects in agriculture and forestry over several decades. The encounters in these projects were also encounters of different ways of knowing that were negotiated by the actors meeting in the space provided by the projects. This research explores these encounters and the social worlds they are embedded in, drawing on actor-oriented approaches as well as theories of narratives and framing. Ways of knowing and citizen epistemologies are taken as a lens to understand the role of identities in knowledge production and use. The two case studies were agroforestry research projects in the Ethiopian Highlands. The research followed a range of qualitative and ethnographic research methods. Different types of farmers and scientists meet in the case studies. I recognise that they all have individual agency, nevertheless I use the terms ‘scientist' and ‘farmer' in this thesis. I use the terms to describe certain groups of actors who all draw on different ways of knowing, and different value systems, when interacting with each other and their environment. The results indicate that the importance of social worlds at different scales and the contexts of research projects tend to be underestimated. In spite of good intentions scientific methodologies, terminologies and narratives tend to dominate. Scientists in the case studies acknowledged the existence of farmers' ‘indigenous' knowledge, but they determined the value of knowledge by its scientific applicability and the replicability of experiments. Research systems force the scientists into a certain modus operandi with limited possibilities to experiment and to respond to the complexities and diversities of people's social worlds. Farmers in the case studies preferred observation from their parents, observing from others or the environment as a way of learning and gaining knowledge. Depending on their personalities and their life histories they also relied on alternative ways of knowing rooted in spirituality, emotions and memories. Powerful influences on ways of knowing resulted from the way languages and authority had been used. These often led to the exclusion of marginalised community members from access to knowledge and technologies. Unfortunately, common narratives prevailed in the case studies, and alternative ways of knowing were often marginalised. By acknowledging different ways of knowing and the importance of different social worlds and different ways of doing research, both scientists and farmers could benefit and develop more sustainable pathways for agricultural and forestry land use.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-08-29T20:27:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Claudia Cseko Nolasco de Carvalho.pdf: 7996736 bytes, checksum: 4342b7f850b677568441806a801d9047 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-29T20:27:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Claudia Cseko Nolasco de Carvalho.pdf: 7996736 bytes, checksum: 4342b7f850b677568441806a801d9047 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-27 / Sustainable development requires more detailed soil maps with representative information of local reality, helping to conciliate increasing agriculture production and environmental impacts reduction. It is a hard task to achieve considering the Brazil territorial extension and the absence of governmental programs and resources. The Digital Soil Mapping (DSM), through methodologies implementation, has been consolidated as support technique for conventional mapping. Using DSM techniques, we aimed to evaluate a methodological procedure to generate soil maps with refined scale by fuzzy inference, and to map simpler units, which means more adequate areas for the rural settlement development plans. We carried out the study on an area at the microregion of Mata of Alagoas State and the following attributes were integrated by pedologist knowledge: elevation, slope, curvature and profile, topographic wetness index ? derived from a Digital Elevation Model (built by aerophotogrammetric restitution at scale 1:8 000), and geological data at scale 1:50 000. In a first moment, we integrate the thematic layers of 5m resolution pixel related to the attributes. Possibility maps of predefined classes were generate based on rules established by pedological expertise using fuzzy inference. Then, we integrate the evidence maps of classes by weighted mean inference to produce the soils digital map. The predicted digital soil map was opposed to a map elaborated traditionally, and validated by field observation of transects and pre-existent profiles. The comparison between the digital soil map and the conventional indicated a accuracy of 81.2% between the predicted classes of the digital map and the ones on the conventional map units (described on the legend, however not spatialized). Confronting the predicted classes of the digital soil map and the ones identified on field, the observed accuracy was of 74.65%. The Kappa index found was very good, with 0.696 values for the comparison between the digital map and the conventional map and 0.705 between the digital map and field observations. The results demonstrate that legacy maps data may, through the pedologists knowledge and more detailed attribute data, aggregate information and produce more detailed soil maps. Considering the concepts of minimum mappable area, the definitions of pixel sizes suggested for the digital cartographic scale, and the rules for soil survey, the applied methodology allowed, on the used cartographic base, the amplification of the mapping scale from 1:25 000 to 1:15 000. / O desenvolvimento sustent?vel requer mapas de solo mais detalhados com informa??es representativas da realidade local que permitem conciliar aumento da produ??o agropecu?ria com minimiza??o de impactos ambientais. Essa ? uma tarefa dif?cil considerando a extens?o territorial do Brasil e a falta de programas e recursos governamentais. O Mapeamento Digital de Solos-MDS, atrav?s da implementa??o de metodologias, vem se consolidando como t?cnica de apoio ao mapeamento convencional. Usando t?cnicas de MDS, esse trabalho objetivou avaliar um procedimento metodol?gico para gerar mapa de solos com refinamento de escala usando infer?ncia fuzzy para mapear unidades mais simples, portanto mais adequadas aos planos de desenvolvimento dos assentamentos rurais. A ?rea escolhida para teste est? localizada na microrregi?o da Mata do Estado de Alagoas. Para execu??o do trabalho os atributos do terreno eleva??o, declividade, curvatura em perfil, plano de curvatura e ?ndice de umidade topogr?fica derivados de Modelo Digital de Eleva??o-MDE (gerado por restitui??o aerofotogram?trica na escala 1:8.000) e dados geol?gicos em escala 1:50:000, foram integrados atrav?s do conhecimento de ped?logos. Os planos de informa??es, com pixel de 5 m, a partir de regras estabelecidas pela expertise de ped?logos foram fuzzificados e integrados para gerar os mapas de possibilidades de ocorr?ncia para as classes de solo predefinidas. O mapa digital de solos foi produzido pela integra??o dos mapas de possibilidades das classes por infer?ncia m?dia ponderada. O mapa digital de solos predito foi confrontado com mapa elaborado por m?todo tradicional e validado por observa??es em campo ao longo de transectos e por perfis preexistentes. A an?lise comparativa entre o mapa digital de solos e o convencional obteve acur?cia de 81,2 % entre as classes preditas no mapa digital e as contidas nas unidades do mapa convencional (descritas na legenda, por?m n?o espacializadas). Confrontando as classes preditas no mapa digital e as identificadas no campo a acur?cia encontrada foi de 74,65%. A aferi??o das classes pelo ?ndice de Kappa foi considerada muito boa com valores de 0,696 para a compara??o entre o mapa digital versos mapa convencional e 0,705 entre o mapa digital e as observa??es de campo. A pesquisa mostrou que dados contidos em mapas legados de solo podem atrav?s do conhecimento de ped?logos e de dados detalhados de atributos do terreno agregar informa??es e produzir mapa digital de solo com amplia??o da escala e que neste trabalho ? compat?vel com a de levantamentos detalhados (1:15.000).

Awareness, use and attitude by Indiana secondary school vocational agriculture/agribusiness and social science educators toward soil survey reports were determined using a mailed questionnaire. Results were analyzed based on teaching discipline and geographic location (urban and rural). In general, social science respondents were not aware of and did not use soil survey reports as a teaching aid whereas vocational agriculture/ agribusiness respondents did. The majority of educators responded positively to statements regarding usefulness of soil surveys. No significant differences were found between urban and rural areas. Results indicated that teaching discipline was the critical factor in educator use of soil surveys.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (MSc (Agronomy))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Plant Production and Soil Science / unrestricted

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-08-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:15:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000755428.pdf: 1772727 bytes, checksum: 25340537986dda5d7885dbce168e3429 (MD5) / Atualmente, as questões conservacionistas têm sido discutidas com grande ênfase pela sociedade em geral, principalmente sobre a paisagem amazônica. Dentro desse contexto está a bacia hidrográfica do rio Mojuí, localizada nos municípios de Santarém e Belterra, no estado do Pará. Esta vem sofrendo constantes explorações dos seus recursos naturais, principalmente devido à conversão de áreas com florestas em áreas agrícolas, principalmente para cultivo da soja. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar, mapear e quantificar, em escala de semi detalhe, as áreas das classes de cobertura vegetal e uso da terr0a no período de 11 anos, com o uso de imagens LANDSAT, órbita/ pontos 227/62, bandas TM 3, 4 e 5, referentes aos anos de 1999, 2005 e 2010, a dinâmica da paisagem na região. A seleção das imagens foi determinada considerando-se o período climático semelhante, com as mesmas circunstâncias de iluminação e cobertura de nuvens. Os limites da bacia foram estabelecidos pelos divisores topográficos que formam a área que drena para um ponto específico. Baseando-se nos dados obtidos no levantamento de campo e com o suporte da fotointerpretação das cenas dos sensores nos anos estabelecidos pela pesquisa, foi definida uma legenda temática para classificação da vegetação e uso do solo na bacia, sendo identificadas sete formas de coberturas vegetais e uso do solo na área de abrangência da bacia. Foram estabelecidas as seguintes classes de cobertura do solo... / Currently, conservation issues have been discussed with great emphasis by society in general, especially on the Amazon landscape. Within this context is Mojuí River watershed, located in the cities of Santarém and Belterra, in the state of Pará This comes under constant exploration of natural resources, mainly due to conversion of forest areas into agricultural areas, mainly for soybeans cultivation. The aim of this study was to characterize and quantify mapping , semi -scale detail , the areas of vegetation cover classes and land use in the period of 11 years as use of LANDSAT , orbit / points 227/62 , TM bands 3 , 4:05 , for the years 1999 , 2005 and 4 2010 , the landscape dynamics in the region . The selection of images was determined considering the similar climatic period, with the same lighting conditions and cloud cover. The boundaries of the basin were established by dividers that form the topographic area that drains to a specific point. Based on the data obtained in the field survey and with the support of photointerpretation the scenes of the sensors in the years established by research, has defined a thematic caption for vegetation classification and land use in the basin, identified seven forms of vegetation and land use in the catchment area of the basin. We defined the following classes of land cover: Rain Forest , Secondary Succession , Alluvial Rain Forest , Grassland , Degraded Grassland , Agriculture and Water Bodies . During the research it was observed that the Moju river watershed has lost 221.73 km² of natural vegetation cover (dense ombrophilous forest, alluvial dense ombrophilous forest). Until 1999 the dense ombrophilous forest class was the largest present at the watershed, however from 2005 on the agricultural class became the largest at that location, with an increase of approximately 518.11% of the initial research area. When the results were analyzed more ...

Orientador: Sérgio Campos / Banca: Ellen Fitipaldi Brasilio Carrega / Banca: Maria Nazaré Martins Maciel / Resumo: Atualmente, as questões conservacionistas têm sido discutidas com grande ênfase pela sociedade em geral, principalmente sobre a paisagem amazônica. Dentro desse contexto está a bacia hidrográfica do rio Mojuí, localizada nos municípios de Santarém e Belterra, no estado do Pará. Esta vem sofrendo constantes explorações dos seus recursos naturais, principalmente devido à conversão de áreas com florestas em áreas agrícolas, principalmente para cultivo da soja. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar, mapear e quantificar, em escala de semi detalhe, as áreas das classes de cobertura vegetal e uso da terr0a no período de 11 anos, com o uso de imagens LANDSAT, órbita/ pontos 227/62, bandas TM 3, 4 e 5, referentes aos anos de 1999, 2005 e 2010, a dinâmica da paisagem na região. A seleção das imagens foi determinada considerando-se o período climático semelhante, com as mesmas circunstâncias de iluminação e cobertura de nuvens. Os limites da bacia foram estabelecidos pelos divisores topográficos que formam a área que drena para um ponto específico. Baseando-se nos dados obtidos no levantamento de campo e com o suporte da fotointerpretação das cenas dos sensores nos anos estabelecidos pela pesquisa, foi definida uma legenda temática para classificação da vegetação e uso do solo na bacia, sendo identificadas sete formas de coberturas vegetais e uso do solo na área de abrangência da bacia. Foram estabelecidas as seguintes classes de cobertura do solo ... / Abstract: Currently, conservation issues have been discussed with great emphasis by society in general, especially on the Amazon landscape. Within this context is Mojuí River watershed, located in the cities of Santarém and Belterra, in the state of Pará This comes under constant exploration of natural resources, mainly due to conversion of forest areas into agricultural areas, mainly for soybeans cultivation. The aim of this study was to characterize and quantify mapping , semi -scale detail , the areas of vegetation cover classes and land use in the period of 11 years as use of LANDSAT , orbit / points 227/62 , TM bands 3 , 4:05 , for the years 1999 , 2005 and 4 2010 , the landscape dynamics in the region . The selection of images was determined considering the similar climatic period, with the same lighting conditions and cloud cover. The boundaries of the basin were established by dividers that form the topographic area that drains to a specific point. Based on the data obtained in the field survey and with the support of photointerpretation the scenes of the sensors in the years established by research, has defined a thematic caption for vegetation classification and land use in the basin, identified seven forms of vegetation and land use in the catchment area of the basin. We defined the following classes of land cover: Rain Forest , Secondary Succession , Alluvial Rain Forest , Grassland , Degraded Grassland , Agriculture and Water Bodies . During the research it was observed that the Moju river watershed has lost 221.73 km² of natural vegetation cover (dense ombrophilous forest, alluvial dense ombrophilous forest). Until 1999 the dense ombrophilous forest class was the largest present at the watershed, however from 2005 on the agricultural class became the largest at that location, with an increase of approximately 518.11% of the initial research area. When the results were analyzed more ... / Mestre

No description available.