Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-17T16:50:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-03-31. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-05-17T16:54:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000855219.pdf: 679886 bytes, checksum: 0563800f14d8779d50021fa027c9dc38 (MD5) / Neste trabalho, apresentamos um resumo dos principais experimentos que constataram a existência de um déficit no fluxo de neutrinos solares, levando assim, ao estabelecimento do chamado Problema dos Neutrinos Solares (PNS). Ainda que brevemente, abordamos a anomalia dos neutrinos atmosféricos. O estudo destes dois sistemas sugere que um mecanismo de conversão de sabor deve ser a solução para ambos. Esse mecanismo, também conhecido como oscilação de neutrinos, requer que massa e mistura sejam introduzidos no setor leptônico neutro. Estudamos a propagação do neutrinos no vácuo e na matéria. Posteriormente, em vista da potencial importância das massas dos neutrinos, como sugerem os experimentos de oscilação, estudamos o setor leptônico neutro descrevendo alguns modelos de massa para neutrinos a título de ilustração. Na sequência, estudamos a possibilidade de violação de CP na oscilação de neutrinos. Primeiramente, definimos as fases de violação de CP de Dirac e de Majorana. Discutimos rapidamente o decaimento 0'nü' 'beta beta' mostrando que estaé a forma mais promissora de testar a natureza de Majorana dos neutrinos. Em particular, mostramos que a violação de CP na oscilação de neutrinos é completamente insensível à mesma questão, ou seja, se os neutrinos são partículas de Dirac ou Majorana. Avaliamos, de forma qualitativa, a importância do ângulo 'teta IND. 13' para a detecção da violação de CP no setor leptônico neutro. Por fim, citamos, como exemplos, os experimentos Double CHOOZ e o Projeto Angra, no Brasil, ambos desenvolvidos com o objetivo de melhorar os limites impostos pelo CHOOZ paraθ13 / We present a review of the main experiments which have observed a deficit in the solar neutrino flux, leading to the establishment of the Solar Neutrino Puzzle. Also, we comment on the atmospheric neutrino anomaly. The study of these two systems suggest that a flavor conversion mechanism must be a solution for both deficits. This mechanism, known also as neutrino oscillation, requests that mass and mixing have to be introduced in the neutral leptonic sector. After that we have studied neutrino oscillation in vacuum and in matter. Next, in viewing of the potential importance of neutrino masses, as suggested by all neutrino oscillation data, we have studied the neutral leptonic sector describing some illustrative neutrino mass models. Finally, we have studied CP violation in neutrino oscillation. First, we define the Dirac and Majorana CP violation phases. Second, we discuss in some details the process of neutrinoless double beta decay 0'nü' 'beta beta' showing that it is the best way to provide an evidence for revealing the Dirac or Majorana neutrino character. In particular, we have shown that CP violation in neutrino oscillation is completely insensitive to that question, i.e., if neutrinos are Dirac or Majorana particles. We have also discussed the importance of the mixing parameter 'teta IND. 13' for detecting CP violation in the neutral leptonic sector. To conclude, we comment briefly on both Double CHOOZ and Angra Project experiments. These experiments are aimed to measure 'teta IND. 13' improving the present limits constrained by CHOOZ

The neon-sodium cycle (NeNa cycle) of hydrogen burning is active in stars of the Asymptotic Giant Branch, in classical novae, and in supernovae of type Ia. The thermonuclear reaction rate of the 22Ne(p,γ)23Na reaction is determined by a large number of resonances, and it represents the most uncertain rate in the NeNa cycle. This PhD thesis reports on an experiment to study tentative 22Ne(p,γ)23Na resonances at Elab = 71 and 105 keV, as well as the direct capture component of the reaction rate for Elab ≤ 400 keV. The measurements were performed deep underground at the Laboratory for Un- derground Nuclear Astrophysics - LUNA (Gran Sasso, Italy), taking advantage of the strong reduction in the cosmic ray induced background. The LUNA-400-kV electrostatic accelerator and a differentially pumped, windowless gas target of iso- topically enriched 22Ne gas were used. The γ-rays from the reaction were detected with a 4π bismuth germanate scintillator. The data show upper limits on the strengths of the resonances at Elab = 71 and 105 keV of 5.8 × 10−11 and 7.0 × 10−11 eV respectively. The resonances at Elab = 156.2, 189.5 and 259.7 keV have been re-studied and show 20% higher strength than the literature. The present experiment did not show any evidence for the direct capture process at the low energies studied. In addition to the experimental work at LUNA, the 3He(α, γ)7Be and 7Be(p, γ)8B reactions were studied using the most recent solar neutrino data available. Based on the standard solar model and the experimentally measured fluxes of solar 7Be and 8B neutrinos, the astrophysical S-factors of both reactions were evaluated directly in the solar Gamow peak.

Orientador: Juan Carlos Montero Garcia / Banca: Orlando Luis Goulart Peres / Banca: Hiroshi Nunokawa / Resumo: Neste trabalho, apresentamos um resumo dos principais experimentos que constataram a existência de um déficit no fluxo de neutrinos solares, levando assim, ao estabelecimento do chamado Problema dos Neutrinos Solares (PNS). Ainda que brevemente, abordamos a anomalia dos neutrinos atmosféricos. O estudo destes dois sistemas sugere que um mecanismo de conversão de sabor deve ser a solução para ambos. Esse mecanismo, também conhecido como "oscilação de neutrinos", requer que massa e mistura sejam introduzidos no setor leptônico neutro. Estudamos a propagação do neutrinos no vácuo e na matéria. Posteriormente, em vista da potencial importância das massas dos neutrinos, como sugerem os experimentos de oscilação, estudamos o setor leptônico neutro descrevendo alguns modelos de massa para neutrinos a título de ilustração. Na sequência, estudamos a possibilidade de violação de CP na oscilação de neutrinos. Primeiramente, definimos as fases de violação de CP de Dirac e de Majorana. Discutimos rapidamente o decaimento 0'nü' 'beta beta' mostrando que estaé a forma mais promissora de testar a natureza de Majorana dos neutrinos. Em particular, mostramos que a violação de CP na oscilação de neutrinos é completamente insensível à mesma questão, ou seja, se os neutrinos são partículas de Dirac ou Majorana. Avaliamos, de forma qualitativa, a importância do ângulo 'teta IND. 13' para a detecção da violação de CP no setor leptônico neutro. Por fim, citamos, como exemplos, os experimentos Double CHOOZ e o Projeto Angra, no Brasil, ambos desenvolvidos com o objetivo de melhorar os limites impostos pelo CHOOZ paraθ13 / Abstract: We present a review of the main experiments which have observed a deficit in the solar neutrino flux, leading to the establishment of the Solar Neutrino Puzzle. Also, we comment on the atmospheric neutrino anomaly. The study of these two systems suggest that a flavor conversion mechanism must be a solution for both deficits. This mechanism, known also as "neutrino oscillation", requests that mass and mixing have to be introduced in the neutral leptonic sector. After that we have studied neutrino oscillation in vacuum and in matter. Next, in viewing of the potential importance of neutrino masses, as suggested by all neutrino oscillation data, we have studied the neutral leptonic sector describing some illustrative neutrino mass models. Finally, we have studied CP violation in neutrino oscillation. First, we define the Dirac and Majorana CP violation phases. Second, we discuss in some details the process of neutrinoless double beta decay 0'nü' 'beta beta' showing that it is the best way to provide an evidence for revealing the Dirac or Majorana neutrino character. In particular, we have shown that CP violation in neutrino oscillation is completely insensitive to that question, i.e., if neutrinos are Dirac or Majorana particles. We have also discussed the importance of the mixing parameter 'teta IND. 13' for detecting CP violation in the neutral leptonic sector. To conclude, we comment briefly on both Double CHOOZ and Angra Project experiments. These experiments are aimed to measure 'teta IND. 13' improving the present limits constrained by CHOOZ / Mestre

The neon-sodium cycle (NeNa cycle) of hydrogen burning is active in stars of the Asymptotic Giant Branch, in classical novae, and in supernovae of type Ia. The thermonuclear reaction rate of the 22Ne(p,γ)23Na reaction is determined by a large number of resonances, and it represents the most uncertain rate in the NeNa cycle. This PhD thesis reports on an experiment to study tentative 22Ne(p,γ)23Na resonances at Elab = 71 and 105 keV, as well as the direct capture component of the reaction rate for Elab ≤ 400 keV. The measurements were performed deep underground at the Laboratory for Un- derground Nuclear Astrophysics - LUNA (Gran Sasso, Italy), taking advantage of the strong reduction in the cosmic ray induced background. The LUNA-400-kV electrostatic accelerator and a differentially pumped, windowless gas target of iso- topically enriched 22Ne gas were used. The γ-rays from the reaction were detected with a 4π bismuth germanate scintillator. The data show upper limits on the strengths of the resonances at Elab = 71 and 105 keV of 5.8 × 10−11 and 7.0 × 10−11 eV respectively. The resonances at Elab = 156.2, 189.5 and 259.7 keV have been re-studied and show 20% higher strength than the literature. The present experiment did not show any evidence for the direct capture process at the low energies studied. In addition to the experimental work at LUNA, the 3He(α, γ)7Be and 7Be(p, γ)8B reactions were studied using the most recent solar neutrino data available. Based on the standard solar model and the experimentally measured fluxes of solar 7Be and 8B neutrinos, the astrophysical S-factors of both reactions were evaluated directly in the solar Gamow peak.

No description available.

This thesis presents an independent analysis of the data from 3-He-filled proportional counters from the third phase of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) data. These counters were deployed in SNO's heavy water to independently detect neutrons produced by the neutral current interaction of 8-B solar neutrinos with deuterium. Previously published results from this phase were based on a spectral analysis of the energy deposited in the proportional counters. The work in this thesis introduces a new observable based on the time-profile of the ionization in the counters. The inclusion of this observable in a maximum-likelihood fit increases the potential to distinguish neutrons from backgrounds which are primarily due to alpha-decays. The combination of this new observable with the energy deposited in the counters results in a more accurate determination of the number of neutrons. The analysis presented in this thesis was limited to one third of the data from the proportional counters, uniformly distributed in time. This limitation was imposed to reconcile different time-lines between the submission of this thesis, a thorough review of this work by the SNO Collaboration and results from an independent analysis that is still underway. Analysis of this reduced data set determined that 398 +/- 29 (stat.) +/- 9 (sys.) neutrons were detected in this reduced data-set. The number compares well to the previous analysis of the data, based only on a spectral analysis of the deposited energy, which determined that 410 +/- 44 (stat.) +/- 9 (sys.) were detected in the same time period. The analysis presented here has led to a substantial increase in the statistical accuracy. Assuming that the statistical accuracy will increase when the full data set is analyzed, the results from this thesis would bring the uncertainty in the 8-B solar neutrino flux to down 6.8% from 8.5% in the previously published results. The work from the thesis is intended to be included in a future analysis of the SNO data and will result in a more accurate measurement of the total flux of solar neutrinos from 8-B as well as reduce the uncertainty in the $\theta_{12}$ neutrino oscillation mixing angle. / Thesis (Ph.D, Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy) -- Queen's University, 2009-09-16 15:56:28.195

Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 219-224). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (M.Sc.) - Carleton University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 138-141). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (M.Sc.) - Carleton University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-130). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--Carleton University, 1996. / Also available in electronic format on the Internet.