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The lived experience of seclusion in a psychiatric hospitalMullins, Lesley January 1995 (has links)
The purpose of this Heideggerian phenomenological study was to understand the meaning of the lived experience of seclusion in a psychiatric hospital. Five people with a long standing mental illness who had spent time in a locked seclusion room in a psychiatric hospital were asked to describe their experience in seclusion.Consistent with the method, purposive sampling was used in order to obtain an understanding from those who had lived the experience of seclusion and could articulate their experience. Interviews were audiotaped and the data were transcribed by the researcher. Audiotapes were destroyed when the study was completed. Transcribed data were shared with other researchers who were familiar with Heideggerian phenomenology and hermeneutics for the purpose ofgaining insight into the interpretations. When data were shared, names of participants and other identifying information were removed. Sharing of data for purpose of interpretation is inherent in the Heideggerian method as described by Diekelmann, Allen, and Tanner (1989). Data were analyzed using Diekelmann, Allen, and Tanner's (1989) seven stages. The following patterns emerged constituted pattern- Seclusion, A Paradox Being Powerless yet Hopeful with the supporting themes of 1.) Being Punished, 2) Being Abandoned, and 3) An Opportunity for Reflection and Self Growth. / School of Nursing
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A capacidade de estar só: a perspectiva psicanalítica de D. W. WinnicottBatista, John Londerry 15 September 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-09-15 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This work aims to understand the capacity to be alone from the psychoanalytic
perspective of D. Winnicott, thus seeking the importance of this theoretical
formulation for human maturation and, consequently, showing its relevance to the
clinic. In our clinical experience, we find many people who fear being alone and are
always in search of someone or something to do. And very often we listen to these
individuals who, when alone, do not know what to do, feel lost, helpless, so they
prefer to work without rest to feel alive. This led us to interest in the study of the
capacity to be alone in the light of Winnicottian psychoanalytic thinking. For this, in
view of the classical principle of hermeneutics, in which each concept of an author
must be elucidated in the totality of his work, one sought the comprehension of the
capacity to be alone in the whole psychoanalytic thought of D. W. Winnicott. In this
way, we tried to contextualize the starting point of the Winnicottian psychoanalytic
vision and global comprehension of its psychoanalytic perspective, emphasizing
some concepts, such as: the human animal, the experience animal, the ego and id,
his notion of Instinct and drive, that of false and true self, that of ego
(egorelatedness), the paradox, that of favorable environment, and especially its
fundamental theory of human emotional maturation. We emphasize these concepts,
therefore, as they support the understanding of the study theme. From this, we
sought to reflect on the ability to be alone and to explain the understanding of this
original Winnicottian formulation, served as a clinical case attended and described by
Winnicott himself, the so-called case B. From the theory of emotional maturity of DW
Winnicott, the ability to be alone is associated with an important initial moment of
human development: the essential solitude. With evolving from the integrative
process of the individual, five fundamental themes need to be established for him to
experience being alone, as ability: first, the status of a unitary identity; Acquisition of
a personality and a personal identity (true self); Third, the organization of the egoic
nucleus that makes possible to experience a personal environment; Fourth, personal
development facilitated by the maternal environment and, finally, the recognition and
incorporation of maternal (mother-environment) care as a good object. Thus, in
Winnicott's perspective, being alone as a capacity is a highly sophisticated
phenomenon, in which the individual enjoying emotional health can experience, with
all confidence in himself and in the environment in which he is inserted, being with
himself, calmly, Being able to rest, relax without losing contact with shared reality
and, moreover, live their interpersonal relationships, be it friendship or loving, with
personal sense, experiencing them as real and valiant / Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender a capacidade de estar só desde a
perspectiva psicanalítica de D. W. Winnicott, buscando, assim, a importância dessa
formulação teórica para o amadurecimento humano e, consequentemente,
mostrando a sua relevância para a clínica. Em nossa experiência clínica,
encontramos muitas pessoas que temem estar sós e sempre estão em busca de
alguém ou de algo para fazer. E, com muita frequência, escutamos desses
indivíduos que, quando estão sós, não sabem o que fazer, sentem-se perdidos,
desamparados, por isso, preferem trabalhar sem descanso para se sentirem vivos.
Isso nos levou a nos interessar pelo estudo da capacidade de estar só à luz do
pensamento psicanalítico winnicottiano. Para tanto, tendo em vista o princípio
clássico da hermenêutica, no qual cada conceito de um autor deve ser elucidado na
totalidade de sua obra, buscamos a compreensão da capacidade de estar só no
conjunto do pensamento psicanalítico de D. W . Winnicott. Desse modo, procuramos
contextualizar o ponto de partida da visão psicanalítica winnicottiana e compreensão
global de sua perspectiva psicanalítica, enfatizando alguns conceitos, tais como: o
de animal humano, o de experiência, o de ego e de id, a sua noção de instinto e de
pulsão, o de falso e verdadeiro si-mesmo, o de relação de ego (egorelatedness), o
paradoxo, o de ambiente favorável, e, especialmente, a sua fundamental teoria do
amadurecimento emocional humano. Destacamos tais conceitos, pois, eles
sustentam o entendimento do tema do estudo. A partir disso, procuramos refletir
sobre a capacidade de estar só e, para explicitar a compreensão desta original
formulação winnicottiana, servimos de um caso clínico atendido e descrito pelo
próprio Winnicott, o denominado caso B. A partir da teoria do amadurecimento
emocional de D. W. Winnicott, a capacidade de estar só se associa a um importante
momento inicial do desenvolvimento humano: a solidão essencial. Com evoluir do
processo integrativo do indivíduo, cinco temas fundamentais necessitam ser
estabelecidos para que ele experimente o estar só como capacidade: primeiro, o
estatuto de um identidade unitária, segundo, a aquisição de uma personalidade e
uma identidade pessoal (si-mesmo verdadeiro), terceiro, a organização do núcleo
egoico, que possibilita experimentar um ambiente pessoal, quarto, o
desenvolvimento pessoal facilitado pelo ambiente materno e, por último, o
reconhecimento e a incorporação dos cuidados maternos (mãe-ambiente) como um
objeto bom. Assim, na perspectiva winnicottiana, o estar só, como capacidade,
constitui um fenômeno altamente sofisticado, em que o indivíduo, gozando de saúde
emocional, pode experimentar, com toda confiança em si e no ambiente em que está
inserido, o estar consigo mesmo, tranquilamente, sendo capaz de descansar, relaxar
sem perder o contato com a realidade compartilhada e, além disso, viver as suas
relações interpessoais, seja de amizade ou amorosas, com sentido pessoal,
experimentando-as como real e valorosas
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