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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Tensor momento s?smico para eventos no nordeste do Brasil com amplitudes espectrais: estudos em S?o Caetano, PE

Silva, S?rgio Luiz Eduardo Ferreira da 07 June 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-02T12:43:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SergioLuizEduardoFerreiraDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 16126049 bytes, checksum: 6afaeef3a2ea50a8a7f90e04e72947f7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-02-07T19:40:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SergioLuizEduardoFerreiraDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 16126049 bytes, checksum: 6afaeef3a2ea50a8a7f90e04e72947f7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-07T19:40:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SergioLuizEduardoFerreiraDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 16126049 bytes, checksum: 6afaeef3a2ea50a8a7f90e04e72947f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-07 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O estudo da fonte s?smica ? importante para um melhor entendimento dos processos f?sicos din?micos geradores de sismos e para investiga??es sismotect?nicas de uma regi?o. Neste trabalho, alteramos uma metodologia existente para determina??o do tensor momento s?smico atrav?s da invers?o das amplitudes espectrais de ondas de corpo, que ? testada com eventos locais registrados nas proximidades de S?o Caetano, em Pernambuco, no nordeste do Brasil. A metodologia consiste em minimizar a diferen?a entre os valores observados e previstos das amplitudes espectrais ? com polaridade - de ondas P, SV e SH, para determina??o dos seis componentes independentes do tensor momento s?smico. A metodologia original foi desenhada para inverter amplitudes espectrais de ondas diretas em eventos induzidos em minas profundas e registrados em redes sismogr?ficas subterr?neas. Em nosso estudo, propomos altera??es para adequa??o desta metodologia para eventos tect?nicos registrados em superf?cie. Com isso, ? preciso remover os efeitos da superf?cie terrestre a partir dos tr?s componentes s?smicos registrados no sismograma para recuperar as formas de onda P, SV e SH incidentes e, assim medir sua amplitude espectral. Para ?ngulos de incid?ncia pr?-cr?ticos, a corre??o ? facilmente realizada atrav?s da divis?o do componente vertical das formas de onda P e SV por seus correspondentes coeficientes de reflex?o da superf?cie livre; para ?ngulos de incid?ncia p?s-cr?ticos, uma corre??o mais sofisticada envolvendo a transformada de Hilbert das formas de onda registradas ? necess?ria para remover a distor??o da forma de onda introduzida pela mudan?a de fase. A metodologia proposta ? extremamente vantajosa, visto que utiliza informa??es dos padr?es de radia??o tanto das ondas P quanto das ondas S para determinar o mecanismo focal de eventos individuais. Testamos com 16 terremotos registrados em dist?ncias locais ( < 10 km) por uma rede sismogr?fica implantada na localidade de S?o Caetano, PE, entre 15 de setembro e 23 de dezembro de 2010. Por fim, comparamos com um mecanismo focal composto desenvolvido em trabalhos anteriores na zona de estudo a partir de polaridades da onda P e verificou-se uma consist?ncia com as nossas solu??es do tensor momento, o que demonstra a aplicabilidade do m?todo aqui proposto para registros locais em superf?cie. Al?m disso, a metodologia apresentada permite estimar a magnitude momento (MW) para os eventos analisados. / The study of the seismic source is important to improve our understanding of the physical processes that trigger earthquakes, and also for seismotectonics investigations of a region. In this work, we modify an existing methodology for determination of the seismic moment tensor by inversion of spectral amplitudes, and test it with events recorded at local distances near Sao Caetano, Pernambuco, in northeastern Brazil. The methodology consists of minimizing the difference between observed and predicted values of the spectral amplitudes ? with polarity attached - of P, SV and SH waves, to determine the six independent components of the moment tensor. The original methodology inverts spectral amplitudes of direct waves for events in deep mines and recorded at underground seismographic networks. In our study, we adapt this methodology to tectonic events recorded by surface networks. First, the effects of the Earth's free surface are removed from the seismic recordings to recover the incident P, SV and SH waves; then, the corresponding spectral amplitudes are measured and a polarity is attached; finally, the spectral amplitudes are inverted in a least squares sense. At pre-critical incidence angles, the correction is easily achieved by dividing the vertical component of the P and SV waveforms by the corresponding free-surface reflection coefficients; at post-critical incidence angles, a more sophisticated correction involving the Hilbert transform of the recorded waveforms is needed to account for waveform distortion introduced by the coefficient?s phase shift. Correction of the SH components is achieved through division by a factor of 2. The proposed methodology is extremely advantageous since it uses the radiation patterns of both P and S waves to determine the focal mechanism of individual events. The adapted methodology is applied to 16 earthquakes recorded at local distances (< 10 km) by an aftershock network deployed in the locality of S?o Caetano, PE, between September 15th and December 23rd, 2010. Comparison with a composite focal mechanisms developed in previous works in the study area from fist-motion polarities shows consistency with our moment tensor solutions, thus demonstrating the portability of the spectral amplitude method. Additionally, the ported methodology allows the estimation of moment magnitudes for individual events.

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