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1	Fresh Water for Arizona by Salt Replacement Desalination Muller, Anthony B. 20 April 1974 (has links) From the Proceedings of the 1974 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Assn. and the Hydrology Section - Arizona Academy of Science - April 19-20, 1974, Flagstaff, Arizona / The process of salt replacement desalination proposed is believed to be able to produce vast quantities of fresh water be desalination. This method, which is a novel approach to minimizing the costs of saline water conversion, consists of the substitution of solutes in a solution to be desalted by a replacer chemical, and the low energy removal of that replacer chemical. The ultrafiltration of larger molecular sized replacer chemicals with high flux membranes increases the produce yield rate and reduces the corresponding energy requirement, with respect to reverse osmosis. In addition, the initial captial investment is less since no pressure constraining devices are required. The alteration of the osmotic pressure of the replacer solution within the process can also take advantage of energy savings through the utilization of an easily reversible reaction which synthesizes and breaks down a constituent that has a significant osmotic pressure difference between phases. Finally, the unusual process of fixed gel syneresis shows potential as a low energy salt replacement type process, but still requires extensive investigation. Hydrology -- Arizona. Water resources development -- Arizona. Hydrology -- Southwestern states. Desalination Water chemistry Desalination processes Membrane processes Reverse osmosis Arizona Water treatment Water purification Desalination plants Costs Saline water Water supply Cost comparisons Solvent extractions Water yield Salt replacement desalination Replacer chemical Ultrafiltration High flux membranes Energy requirements Fixed gel syneresis

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Fresh Water for Arizona by Salt Replacement Desalination