For the past decade or two, the industrial structure in Taiwan have been changed from production oriented to service type causing some industries to relocate abroad or to close their business. In the 90¡¦s, the structure of companies changed in the direction of flat organization in order to survive in the highly competitive market. The purpose of this paper is to identify the main functions of the middle managers in the flat organizations. Due to limited number of papers in discussing of the middle managers, the questionnaire is structured from the information of papers related in the area of the duties, abilities and strategic role of the middle managers. By applying structural questionnaire through qualitative research interview, came out the quotation script. Then, using narative inquiry concludes that middle managers should hold the following five main functions: 1. Function of communication 2. Function of problem solving 3. Function of implementation 4. Function of synthesis 5. Function of assisting development

Thesis (EdD.)--Open University.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 177-183). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-169). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Drexel University, 2003. / Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-114).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 189-195). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Thesis (M. Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-99).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2003. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 86 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-58).

Creativity and the creative process are a well-researched topic. The process has been analyzed into models, dissected to determine affecting factors, and modified using varying techniques for the purpose of finding insights into it. The insights found have been used to improve creativity and its process immensely. Although the findings have been significant, there is room for more. This report seeks to extend the knowledge into the creative process so that society’s creativity may improve. To do so, nine in-depth interviews were conducted of professionals in various fields; they discussed a major problem they had encountered and revealed the creative process that led to their successful solution. These timelines of their creative process were then analyzed by comparing them to the existing literature and against each other to find useful ways to aid the creative process. The results reveal reliable techniques into how a person can improve their creativity and inevitably generate better ideas. / text

Depression in youth is a serious mental health concern affecting many different domains of functioning. Currently, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most extensively studied psychosocial treatment for depression; however, there is limited research on how the specific components of CBT function to produce effective treatment outcomes. In addition to identifying the components responsible for effective treatment outcome, it is also important to investigate the changes in youth with depression that account for the reduction of symptomatology. Problem-solving is one of the effective CBT strategies used to improve depressive symptoms. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the association between problem-solving interventions and depression. The current study also sought to investigate if depressive symptoms are mediated through changes in the view of the future. Participants were 40 girls, aged 9 to 14, who completed a manualized CBT protocol for depression in a group format. Participants completed a diagnostic interview for depression and self-report measures assessing the view of the future dimension of the cognitive triad. Group therapy sessions were coded for problem-solving interventions using an investigator developed coding system. The results indicated that the level of problem-solving intervention implemented by the therapist failed to predict a decrease in depressive symptoms, after controlling for the girls’ initial levels of depression severity. Level of problem-solving intervention was significantly related to positive future views on the cognitive triad, after controlling for initial levels of the future subscale on the cognitive triad. Results also indicated that participants with a more positive view of their future were less depressed at post-treatment. Treatment specificity could not be conducted because the relation between problem-solving interventions and treatment outcome was not significant. An exploratory analysis was conducted with additional control variables. After controlling for mastery of problem-solving skills, level of expectancies for change, and initial level of depression, problem-solving intervention was a significant predictor of treatment outcome. Exploratory analysis also concluded that levels of consequential thinking and levels of brainstorming were related to treatment outcome. Implications, limitations, and recommendations for future research are presented. / text