by Joseph Jao Yiu Sung. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 201-220). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

by Tsui, Chi Ping. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-119). / Abstract also in Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.1 / INTRODUCTION --- p.4 / Chapter 1. --- Portal Hypertension --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2 --- Anatomy of Normal Portal System --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Classification and Causes of Portal Hypertension --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4 --- Pathophysiology of Portal Hypertension --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Vascular Change in Portal Hypertension --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Hemodynamic Changes in Portal Hypertension --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Gastric Abnormalities in Portal Hypertension --- p.17 / Chapter 2. --- Somatostatin --- p.22 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2 --- Somatostatin Receptors --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3 --- Mechanism of Action --- p.26 / Chapter 2.4 --- Actions of Somatostatin in the Gastrointestinal Tract --- p.28 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Somatostatin Action in the Stomach --- p.29 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Somatostatin Action in the Intestine --- p.30 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Somatostatin Action in the Pancreas --- p.30 / Chapter 2.5 --- Effects of SMT on Hemodynamics in Portal Hypertension --- p.31 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Splanchnic Circulation --- p.31 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Systemic Circulation --- p.33 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Collateral Blood Flow --- p.33 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Gastric Blood Flow --- p.33 / Chapter 2.6 --- Somatostatin and its analogues in management of acute variceal bleeding --- p.34 / Chapter 3. --- Glucagon --- p.35 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2 --- Glucagon Receptor and Mechanism of Action --- p.35 / Chapter 3.3 --- Actions of Glucagon on Circulatory System --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Actions on the Heart --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Vascular Effects --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Hemodynamic Effects --- p.39 / Chapter 3.4 --- Glucagon in Portal Hypertension --- p.40 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Hyperglucagonemia and portal hypertension --- p.40 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Hyperglucagonemia and hemodynamic disturbance in portal hypertension --- p.40 / Chapter 4 --- Interaction of somatostatin and glucagon in portal hypertension --- p.41 / Chapter 5. --- Acute Gastric Mucosal Injury --- p.43 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.43 / Chapter 5.2 --- Acute Gastric Mucosal Injury due to Acid and/or Alcohol --- p.43 / Chapter 5.3 --- Gastric Mucosal Defense Mechanisms --- p.45 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Pre-epithelial Protection --- p.46 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Epithelial Protection --- p.46 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Subepithelial Protection --- p.47 / Chapter 5.4 --- Portal Hypertension and Gastric Mucosal Injury --- p.48 / OBJECTIVES --- p.50 / EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN --- p.52 / Chapter 1. --- Effects of Somatostatin and Glucagon on Gastric Mucosal Blood Flow in Portal Hypertension --- p.53 / Chapter 2. --- Effects of Somatostatin and Glucagon on Mucosal Injury Induced by Acid Alcohol in Portal Hypertension --- p.55 / MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.57 / Chapter 1. --- Induction of portal hypertension --- p.58 / Chapter 2. --- Measurement of blood glucagon levels --- p.60 / Chapter 3. --- "Measurement of Gastric Mucosal Blood Flow, Systemic and Portal Blood Pressures" --- p.62 / Chapter 4. --- Induction of Gastric Mucosal Lesions by Acid Alcohol --- p.65 / Chapter 5. --- Assessment of the Gastric Mucosal Injury after Acid Alcohol Administration --- p.65 / Chapter 6. --- Effects of Somatostatin and Glucagon on Acid Alcohol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury --- p.66 / Chapter 7. --- Statistical Analysis --- p.68 / RESULTS --- p.69 / Chapter 1. --- Portal Hypertension Induction by Portal Vein Ligation --- p.70 / Chapter 2. --- Effect of Portal Vein Ligation on Glucagon Level --- p.74 / Chapter 3. --- Effect of Somatostatin and glucagon on Arterial Pressure --- p.77 / Chapter 4. --- Effect of Somatostatin and Glucagon on Portal Pressure --- p.80 / Chapter 5. --- Effect of Somatostatin and Glucagon on Gastric Mucosal Blood Flow --- p.85 / Chapter 8. --- Effect of Somatostatin and Glucagon on Acid Alcohol-induced Gastric Mucosal Injuryin Portal Hypertensive Rats --- p.92 / DISCUSSION --- p.95 / Chapter 1. --- Animal Model --- p.96 / Chapter 2. --- Glucagon Level in Portal Hypertension --- p.98 / Chapter 3. --- Effects of Somatostatin and Glucagon on Systemic and Portal Blood Pressure --- p.99 / Chapter 4. --- Effects of Somatostatin and Glucagon on Gastric Mucosal Blood Flow --- p.102 / Chapter 5. --- Effects of Somatostatin and Glucagon on Gastric Mucosal Injury --- p.103 / CONCLUSION --- p.104 / REFERENCES --- p.106