Externalidades são custos ou benefícios que não estão incluídos nos preços. Os conceitos e as técnicas da Economia do Bem-estar são usados na identificação e avaliação das externalidades com a finalidade de atingir o uso ótimo dos recursos ambientais. Existe um considerável número de externalidades na cultura de cana-de-açúcar e na industrialização do álcool como as queimadas que precedem o corte, a destinação da vinhaça e do bagaço, e o padrão de uso dos recursos naturais. Este trabalho estuda estas externalidades e dá sugestões sobre as técnicas que podem ser usadas para identicá-las e avaIiá-Ias. / Externalities are costs or benets not included in the prices. The concepts and the techniques of Welfare Economics are used in the identication and evaluation of externalities in order to reach an optimal use of the environment There is e considerable amount of externalities in sugar cane plantation and in the alcohol industry such as the burnings carried out before the harvest as well as in vinasse and bagase destination and the pattem of the use of natural resources. This work studies these externelities and gives sugestions on the techniques that can be used to identify and evaluate them.

This diploma thesis deals with the legal regulation of renewable sources of energy in the Czech Republic. It appraises the efficient legal regulation of renewable energy sources by taking in consideration the economic and legal perspectives while respecting the current economic situation trends and policies of the European Union and the Czech Republic. Emphasis is placed on the differences of various types of renewable energy and describing their characteristics for utilization in the Czech Republic. The new role of entities in the electricity market after the Act No. 165/2012 Coll. about Supported Energy Sources has come into force, is discussed. The ascertained deficiencies reflect future recommendations for changing the legal regulation and strategic documents which define the further development of renewable sources of energy in the Czech Republic.

The aim of my thesis is to create a comprehensive overview of energy law with special focus on its influence on the environment. It especially deals with individual renewable energy sources and their support, construction of facilities utilizing these sources and their impact on the environment. Last but not least, in each chapter I draw attention to recent or expected amendments to relevant legislation. In the first chapter I divide sources of energy into the fossil, nuclear and renewable ones. Besides presenting the basic characteristics of such sources, I also deal with the time period in which the humankind will run out of their supplies, as well as with detrimental effects that their mining and processing have on the environment. Based on the classification included in the Act on the Promotion of Renewable Energy Sources, I continue with classifying the renewable energy sources to wind power, energy of water and solar radiation, geothermal energy, biomass and biogas. I consider their benefits, but also their harmful effects on the environment. Each subchapter also contains a part that deals with the potential of such resources in the Czech Republic. Since Czech energy law is influenced by both international and European laws, I dedicate the next chapter to them. On the level of international...

The aim of my thesis is to analyze the energy policy in Germany and its future development. There are many external and internal factors influencing the way how the energy policy is going to evolve. One of these factors is the common European energy policy. In order to cover its energy demand, EU is forced to establish a comprehensive energy policy on the European level. The increasing pressure caused by the combination of external and internal factors calls for better cooperation on this field. The key element of the future energy policy in EU will be the renewable sources of energy.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--RAND Graduate School, 2008. / Title from title screen (viewed on Oct. 24, 2008). "This document was submitted as a dissertation in September 2008 in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the doctoral degree in public policy analysis at the Pardee RAND Graduate School." --T.p. Includes bibliographical references: p. 168-178.

Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri State University, 2008. / "May 2008." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-136). Also available online.

Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Montana, 2008. / Title from author supplied metadata. Description based on contents viewed on July 15, 2009. Includes bibliographical references.

Diploma thesis deals with analysis of internal microclima of the building , evaluation of its thermal and technical properties and it also deals with its energy comsumption. With using simuation programm, there was designed solutions which will lead not only to lowering of energy consumption but also to improvemnt of komfort for students and tachers.

Diploma thesis deals with current priorities of energy policy within EU region, where is a substantial emphasis placed on exploitation of renewable energy sources (RES). There is mentioned historical development in the first part as well as an actual approach to energy policy by EU. Further is evaluated exploitation of RES and their proprotion on electricity generation. I also provide analysis whether current energy objectives can be met. In the last part I deal with photovoltaic industry both in EU and Czechia. Energy extraction from sunshine is currently the most growing field industry all over the world and especially in EU.

Na atualidade dois fatores condicionam os rumos da área energética brasileira e mundial, o primeiro e mais importante é a incerteza da oferta de petróleo e derivados, juntamente com comportamento dos preços destes produtos. O segundo são as preocupações ambientais crescentes. Viabilizou-se, assim, a busca por diferentes alternativas de fonte energética, Entre estas se destacam o etanol e o biodiesel. O objetivo deste trabalho é examinar a economicidade da indústria de biodiesel no Estado do Mato Grosso, confrontando os principais tipos de plantas de produção. Assim, são comparadas duas plantas de produção de biodiesel, a primeira (Usina 1) com toda infra-estrutura para recepção, armazenagem, esmagamento da matéria prima selecionada e produção do bicombustível. A segunda (Usina 2) sem a etapa de esmagamento, ou seja, apenas com a infra-estrutura para recebimento do óleo e produção de biodiesel. Para tal conduz-se a análise sob dois pontos de vista: (a) privado em que se examina a rentabilidade do projeto sob as condições econômicas e financeiras em vigor (incluindo possíveis subsídios creditícios e fiscais); (b) social em que os insumos e produtos são avaliados pelos seus custos de oportunidade. A viabilidade da produção de biodiesel no sudeste do Mato Grosso, a partir de óleo de soja, foi encontrada somente na usina do tipo 1, aquela que possui a etapa de esmagamento e extração do óleo inserida no processo produtivo. A usina tipo 2, sem a etapa de esmagamento, não apresentou viabilidade econômica no presente estudo. Na usina 1 o preço da soja é a principal variável para a rentabilidade do projeto. Para a usina 2 essa variável é o preço do biodiesel mas seguida de perto pelo preço do óleo de soja. O rendimento do farelo de soja também é destacado na usina 1 devido ao seu forte impacto nos indicadores de viabilidade econômica. Do ponto de vista social ambos projetos são inviáveis, porem o subsidio necessário para a usina 1 é maior do que para usina 2. / In the present time two factors condition the routes of the Brazilian and world-wide energy area, the first and most important one is the uncertainty of oil and derivatives supply, together with its prices behavior. The second is the increasing environmental concerns. It made possible, thus, the search for different alternatives of energy source,. The objective of this study is to examine the economy of the biodiesel industry in the State of the Mato Grosso, collating the main types of production plants. Thus, two plants of biodiesel production are compared. The first one (Plant 1) with all infrastructure for reception, storage, crushing the soybean and production of the biofuel. The second one (Plant 2) without the stage of crushing, with only the infrastructure to receive the oil and production of biodiesel. The analysis is conducted under two aspects: (a) private - where it examines the profitability of each project under the economic and financial conditions in vigor (including possible credit and fiscal subsidies); (b) social - where the inputs and outputs are evaluated by its costs of opportunity. The viability of biodiesel production in the Southeast of the Mato Grosso, from soybean oil, occurred only in the plant 1, the one with the stage of crushing and oil extraction. The plant 2, without the stage of crushing, did not present economic viability in the present study. In plant 1 the soybean price is the main variable for the profitability of project. For plant 2 this variable is the biodiesel price but followed closely by the soybean oil price. The soybean meal yield also is detached in plant 1 due to its strong impact in the economic viability. Under social point of view both projects are impracticable, although the subsidies required for plant 1 are bigger than plant 2.