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Critical approaches to Soweto poetry : dilemmas in an emergent literatureKarassellos, Michael Anthony January 1989 (has links)
A review of contemporary South African and European critical approaches 'to "Soweto poetry" is undertaken to evaluate their efficacy in addressing the diverse and complex dynamics evident in the poetry. A wide selection of poetry from the 1970's and early 1980's is used to argue that none of the critical models provide an adequate methodology free from both pseudo-cultural or ideological assumptions, and "reader-grid"(imposition of external categories upon the poems).From this point of entry, three groups of critics with similar approaches are assessed in relation to Soweto poetry. The second chapter illustrates the deficiency in critical method- ology of the first group of critics, who rely on a politicizing approach. Their critique presupposes a coherent shift in the nature of Black Consciousness poetry in the 1970's, which is shown to be vague and problematic, especially when they attempt to categorize Soweto poetry into "consistently thematic" divisions. In the third chapter, it is argued that ideological approaches to Soweto poetry are impressionistic assessments that depend heavily on the subordination of aesthetic determinants to materialistic concerns. The critics in this second group draw a dubious distinction between bourgeois and "worker poetry" and ignore the inter- play between the two styles. Pluralized mergings within other epistemological spectrums are also ignored, showing an obsessive materialist bias. The fourth chapter examines the linguistic approach of the third group of critics. It is argued that they evaluate the poetry in terms of a defined critical terminology which assumes an established set of evaluative criteria exist. This is seen to be empiricist and deficient in wider social concerns. In the final chapter, it is submitted that each of the critical approaches examined foregrounds its own methodology, often ignoring the cohabitation of different systems of thought. In conclusion it is argued that a critical approach can only aspire to the formulation of a "black aesthetic" if it traces the mosaic of cultural borrowings, detours and connections that permeate Soweto poetry. Michel Serres, with his post-deconstructionist "approach", is presented as the closest aspirant. Bibliography: pages 117-123.
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Conscientisation : a motive behind the selected poems of Sepamla, Serote, Gwala and Mtshali.Sibisi, Zwelithini Leo. January 2013 (has links)
The thesis looks at how the poets Sepamla, Serote, Gwala and Mtshali (SSGM)
make concerted efforts to demonstrate how different forms of social activities have
sought to whitewash black people in believing myths about themselves. These myths
were perpetuated by the government of apartheid policies and its related
bureaucratic organs like the education system. The fallacies were also
communicated through biased literature and denigrating terminologies. The study
analyses how the selected poems of SSGM set out to conscientize black people to
realise how they had unconsciously accepted certain behaviours. This had led them
to compare themselves to the “privileged cultures” and to strive to be identified with
those who were in power and those who were despised and were therefore
powerless.
The main aim of this study is to demonstrate how the poetry of Sepamla, Serote,
Gwala and Mtshali exposed the extent to which black people had been
psychologically subjected to internalising negative views of who they were. From the
title of the thesis we note a claim that conscientization was the motive behind the
poetry of Sepamla, Serote, Gwala, and Mtshali. This claim was discerned from the
poetry that was analysed. It was also deemed fit to verify this through structured
interviews and questionnaires that were arranged and conducted with the poets.
However the interviews did not include the late Sepamla who had been called to
higher service by the time the research was conducted. The researcher’s
interactions with the poets confirmed the claim that conscientization was indeed the
motive behind their poetry.
Aspects of peoples’ lives which had been targeted as tools for disempowering black
people were experienced in the form of racism, apartheid policies, Bantustan
institutions, and laws, demeaning terminologies, cultural superiority, and prejudiced
beliefs, arts, music, literature, theatre and sport.
An analysis of the poetry under review led to the conclusion that the poetry of SSGM
was not protest poetry as some scholars had claimed. The aim of the poetry was not
to instigate any militancy against oppressors but to make black people aware of their
identity and to affirm them in their resistance against cultural hegemony.
The study makes use of Marxist theories and specifically cites those aspects which
relate to the tools used to analyse the poetry of SSGM. Georg Lukacs’s viewpoint
that literature reflects the social reality of its time is applied to some of the selected
poetry. Eagleton and Althusser talk about the formalization of literature which makes
ideology to become visible to the reader. Gramsci says the task of producing and
disseminating ideology is performed by organic intellectuals. Writers are regarded as
organic intellectuals. In spite of the limiting circumstances the four black writers
whose poetry is being considered, managed to conscientize people around issues
that needed to be opposed or rejected.
This study is significant in so far as it exposed how poetry of black selected writers
conscientized people and indirectly contributed to the liberation of the oppressed in
South Africa. It is suggested that further studies are undertaken to re-assess the role
of literature written by the black writers during the apartheid regime. A special
attention must be given to those literary works that were banned and reasons for
such action by those who were hell bent on subjugating black people. One of the
challenges encountered during the research was that some of the books were out of
print. However, a thorough and persistent search did result in the final access to
those books which were not easily available. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2013.
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