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In effort to breed for daylength-neutral (DNP) soybean germplasms (Glycine max (L.) Merrill), selected longday cultivars (LDP) from Maturity Group 00 were crossed to local adapted shortday cultivars (DP) from Maturity Group VI. In the segregating populations there were many new hybrid combinations, some of which flowered and set pod as early as the Group 00 parents, however, they were larger in size and matured normally. These lines were considered daylength-neutral plants (DNP), and were evaluated in the field nursery in biweekly date of planting experiments from early May to late July during 1978 and 1979. Selected LDP and local adapted SDP cultivars were utilized as check lines. It was observed that LDP cultivars flowered and set pods normally. However, they did not mature normally; the pods ripened and shattered while the stem and leaves remained green and these plants were short and unproductive. Local SDP were the most sensitive plants in response to the change in planting date and daylength. Number of days to flowering, pod setting, and maturity as well as plant heights had decreased sharply in response to the decrease in daylength of later planting dates. In contrast, DNP lines flowered, set pod and matured normally on large vigorous plants in approximately the same period of time regardless of planting date or the daylength during the growing season. To study the inheritance of the daylength-neutral trait in soybeans, crosses were made between DNP lines and local SDP cultivars. These were extremely wide crosses. Segregating populations from these crosses were tested under three light treatments of 12, 18 and 24 hours. Only DNP plants flowered and set pod normally under the long photoperiod treatments of 18 and 24 hours. The magnitude and continuous nature of the frequency distribution of the segregating populations as well as the low heritability estimates of each trait imply that this response is under polygenic control.

CAPES / O tamanho de sementes utilizadas para a semeadura tem causado dúvidas entre os produtores de soja. O trabalho teve por objetivo verificar se poderiam haver diferenças entre tamanho de sementes com relação à profundidade de deposição do fertilizante. O experimento de campo foi realizado na Área Experimental da UTFPR Campus de Pato Branco, utilizando-se uma semeadora-adubadora de precisão para plantio direto. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela combinação entre dois tamanhos de sementes (semente grande com 6,5 mm e semente pequena com 5,5 mm) e duas profundidades de deposição do fertilizante em relação à semente (fertilizante próximo as sementes com aproximadamente 3 cm de distância e fertilizante distante das sementes com aproximadamente 10 cm). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância. Quando o valor do teste F foi significativo ao nível de 5% de probabilidade aplicou-se o teste de Duncan para a comparação de médias. A menor profundidade de deposição do fertilizante proporcionou maior número de vagens por planta e maior número de grãos por planta. Já a maior profundidade de deposição do fertilizante proporcionou maior altura de plantas aos 30 dias após a semeadura e na fase R2, maior área de solo mobilizada, maior população de plantas em todas as épocas avaliadas, maior profundidade de deposição de sementes e maior índice de velocidade de emergência. / The seed size used for seeding has caused doubts among soybean producers. The study aimed to determine whether there may be differences between seed size with respect to depth of fertilizer deposition. The field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Area UTFPR Campus Pato Branco, using a precision seeder for direct seeding. The design was a randomized blocks, with five repetitions. The treatments were composed by the combination of two seed sizes (large seed with 6,5 mm and 5,5 mm with small seed) and two fertilizer deposition depths in relation to the seed (fertilizer near the seed with about 3 cm away and fertilizer distant from the seeds with about 10 cm). Data were subjected to analysis of variance. When the test value F was significant at 5% probability was applied to the Duncan test for comparison of means. The shallower depth of fertilizer deposition provided larger number of pods per plant and increased number of grains per plant. Already the largest depth of fertilizer deposition provided greater plant height at 30 days after sowing and R2 stage, greater ground area mobilized, higher plant population in all periods, greater depth of deposition of seeds and a higher rate of emergency speed.

CAPES / O tamanho de sementes utilizadas para a semeadura tem causado dúvidas entre os produtores de soja. O trabalho teve por objetivo verificar se poderiam haver diferenças entre tamanho de sementes com relação à profundidade de deposição do fertilizante. O experimento de campo foi realizado na Área Experimental da UTFPR Campus de Pato Branco, utilizando-se uma semeadora-adubadora de precisão para plantio direto. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela combinação entre dois tamanhos de sementes (semente grande com 6,5 mm e semente pequena com 5,5 mm) e duas profundidades de deposição do fertilizante em relação à semente (fertilizante próximo as sementes com aproximadamente 3 cm de distância e fertilizante distante das sementes com aproximadamente 10 cm). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância. Quando o valor do teste F foi significativo ao nível de 5% de probabilidade aplicou-se o teste de Duncan para a comparação de médias. A menor profundidade de deposição do fertilizante proporcionou maior número de vagens por planta e maior número de grãos por planta. Já a maior profundidade de deposição do fertilizante proporcionou maior altura de plantas aos 30 dias após a semeadura e na fase R2, maior área de solo mobilizada, maior população de plantas em todas as épocas avaliadas, maior profundidade de deposição de sementes e maior índice de velocidade de emergência. / The seed size used for seeding has caused doubts among soybean producers. The study aimed to determine whether there may be differences between seed size with respect to depth of fertilizer deposition. The field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Area UTFPR Campus Pato Branco, using a precision seeder for direct seeding. The design was a randomized blocks, with five repetitions. The treatments were composed by the combination of two seed sizes (large seed with 6,5 mm and 5,5 mm with small seed) and two fertilizer deposition depths in relation to the seed (fertilizer near the seed with about 3 cm away and fertilizer distant from the seeds with about 10 cm). Data were subjected to analysis of variance. When the test value F was significant at 5% probability was applied to the Duncan test for comparison of means. The shallower depth of fertilizer deposition provided larger number of pods per plant and increased number of grains per plant. Already the largest depth of fertilizer deposition provided greater plant height at 30 days after sowing and R2 stage, greater ground area mobilized, higher plant population in all periods, greater depth of deposition of seeds and a higher rate of emergency speed.