It has been argued that the perception of apparent motion is based on the detection of counterchange (oppositely signed changes in luminance contrast at pairs of spatial locations) rather than motion energy (spatiotemporal changes in luminance). A constraint in furthering this distinction is that both counterchange and motion energy are present for most motion stimuli. Three experiments used illusory-contour and luminance-based stimuli to segregate (experiments 1 and 2) and combine (experiment 3) counterchange and motion energy information. Motion specified by counterchange was perceived for translating illusory squares over a wide range of frame durations, and preferentially for short motion paths. Motion specified by motion energy was diminished by relatively long frame durations, but was not affected by the length of the motion path. Results for the combined stimulus were consistent with counterchange as the basis for apparent motion perception, despite the presence of motion energy. / by Matthew Seifert. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2013. / Includes bibliography. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / System requirements: Adobe Reader.

In this thesis, we study the odd solution of the linearlized Einstein equation on the Schwarzschild background and in the harmonic gauge. With the aid of Regge-Wheeler quantities, we are able to estimate the odd part of Lichnerowicz d'Alembertian equation. In particular, we prove the solution decays to a linearlized Kerr solution except for the angular mode l=2.

Zhang, Yaojun = / "November 2009." / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-111). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Zhang, Yaojun = / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.iv / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Quasi-Normal Modes of Neutron Stars --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Equilibrium State of a Neutron Star --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2 --- Fluid Displacement and Metric Perturbation --- p.8 / Chapter 2.3 --- Axial Oscillations of Neutron Stars --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Wave Equation inside the Star --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Wave Equation outside the Star --- p.10 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Location of Quasi-normal Modes --- p.10 / Chapter 2.4 --- Polar Oscillations of Neutron Stars - LD Formalism --- p.12 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Equations inside the Star --- p.12 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Equations outside the Star --- p.14 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Location of Quasi-normal Modes --- p.16 / Chapter 2.5 --- Polar Oscillations of Neutron Stars - AAKS Formalism --- p.16 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Equations inside the Star --- p.16 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Equations outside the Star --- p.19 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Location of Quasi-normal Modes --- p.19 / Chapter 3 --- Decoupling of Spacetime Oscillations and Fluid Motion --- p.21 / Chapter 3.1 --- Motivation of Decoupling --- p.21 / Chapter 3.2 --- Expressing F in terms of S and H --- p.21 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Inside the Star --- p.22 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Outside the Star --- p.25 / Chapter 3.3 --- Constraint-free AAKS Formalism --- p.25 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Equations inside the Star --- p.25 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Equations outside the Star --- p.27 / Chapter 3.4 --- Cowling Approximation for Polar p-Mode --- p.29 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Independent Fluid Motion --- p.29 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Location of Polar p-Modes --- p.30 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Numerical Results and Discussion --- p.31 / Chapter 3.5 --- Inverse-Cowling approximation for ω-Mode --- p.33 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Independent Spacetime Oscillations --- p.33 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Location of ω-Modes --- p.34 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Numerical Results and Discussion --- p.34 / Chapter 4 --- Interplay between Matter and Spacetime --- p.37 / Chapter 4.1 --- Physical Insight --- p.37 / Chapter 4.2 --- Sturm-Liouville Eigenvalue Problem --- p.39 / Chapter 4.3 --- Energy of the Fluid --- p.40 / Chapter 4.4 --- Spacetime Oscillation Driven by Fluid Motion --- p.45 / Chapter 4.5 --- Damped Oscillation Caused by Radiation of Gravitational Wave --- p.46 / Chapter 4.6 --- Calculation of δωn in a Perturbative Way --- p.48 / Chapter 4.7 --- Numerical Results and Discussion --- p.49 / Chapter 5 --- Asymptotic Behavior of Spacetime Modes --- p.61 / Chapter 5.1 --- Motivation --- p.61 / Chapter 5.2 --- Asymptotic Behavior of Axial ω-modes for One-Layered Stars --- p.62 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- "Asymptotic Form of g(r*,ω)" --- p.63 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- "Asymptotic Form of f(r*, ω)" --- p.67 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Asymptotic Behavior of Axial Quasi-Normal Modes --- p.69 / Chapter 5.3 --- Asymptotic Behavior of Polar ω-modes for One-Layered Stars --- p.71 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- High-Frequency Approximation --- p.71 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Asymptotic Behavior of Polar Quasi-Normal Modes --- p.73 / Chapter 5.4 --- Relationship between Axial and Polar ω-Modes --- p.74 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Application 1:ω-Modes of Quark Stars --- p.75 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Application 2:ω-Modes of Polytropic Stars --- p.80 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- Application 3: The Influence of Surface Discontinuities --- p.89 / Chapter 5.4.4 --- Application 4:ω-Modes of Realistic Neutron Stars --- p.92 / Chapter 6 --- Conclusion and Outlook --- p.99 / Chapter A --- From Einstein Equation to LD Formalism --- p.101 / Chapter A.l --- The Linearized Perturbation Equations --- p.101 / Chapter A.1.1 --- The Perturbation of the Einstein Tensor --- p.102 / Chapter A.1.2 --- The Perturbation of the Energy-momentum Tensor --- p.103 / Chapter A.1.3 --- The Perturbed Einstein Equations --- p.104 / Chapter A.2 --- Some Symbolic Operation Results --- p.105 / Chapter A.3 --- Simplifications --- p.106

Tong, Pun Wai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-78). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.6 / Chapter 2 --- Basic Terminologies --- p.8 / Chapter 3 --- Causality in space-time --- p.12 / Chapter 3.1 --- Preliminaries in space-time --- p.12 / Chapter 3.2 --- Global causality condition --- p.14 / Chapter 3.3 --- Domains of Dependence --- p.23 / Chapter 4 --- Conjugate Points --- p.29 / Chapter 4.1 --- Space of causal curves --- p.29 / Chapter 4.2 --- "Jacobi field, conjugate point and length of geodesic" --- p.35 / Chapter 4.3 --- Congruence of causal geodesics --- p.47 / Chapter 5 --- Singularity Theorems --- p.57 / Chapter 5.1 --- Definition of singularities in space-time --- p.57 / Chapter 5.2 --- A singularity theorem of R. Penrose --- p.60 / Chapter 5.3 --- A singularity theorem of S.W. Hawking and R. Penrose --- p.64 / Appendix --- p.73 / Bibliography --- p.77

The south African playwright Athol Fugard of ten explores the problems which apartheid has created within his society -problems ranging from the racial and societal to the spiritual. He seems to communicate his thoughts about these issues through many direct references to space. This study investigates the meanings these spaces communicate. Four plays were chosen as representative of Fugard's subject matter (covering both white and non-white society) and career: Blood Knot (1963), People are Living There (1970), The Road to Mecca (1985), and My Children, My Africa (1990). Then three steps were carefully followed. First, each reference to space was identified and categorized using Keir Elam's and Susanne Langer's definition of "virtual space" as guide to the establishment of categories. Three categories were established: virtual space (that which is immediately visible to the audience), extended-virtual space (the off stage world which is real to the characters but unseen by the audience), and imaginary space (that which the characters project on or into the world around them). second, patterns and relationships among the spaces were identified (using Kenneth Burke's and Mary McCarthy's methodology of image clusters and dramatic alignments). Third and finally, the meaning of these patterns was explored, often using Edward Hall's science of proxemics to facilitate understanding. There is considerable similarity and continuity from play to play in the use of space. Fugard often employs references to extended-virtual space to communicate the many ills which have arisen in South African society. He also typically includes a virtual space or spaces which provide a safe haven from those ills. In addition, be almost always uses reference to imaginary space or spaces to communicate the hope for the future of freedom for all of South Africa's people. Ideally, the recognition of the spaces in Fugard's work should be actively, and knowingly, articulated in any production of his plays. This study provides a methodology for exploring these spaces and an indication of what many of the spaces mean.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2000. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-111). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Physics, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2000. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-111). Also available on the Internet.