Thesis (M.A.)--University of West Florida, 2008. / Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 138 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Inaug.-Diss.--Cologne. / Lebenslauf. Published also without thesis note. "Literatureverzeichnis": p. 84-92.

Published also as Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1917. / Bibliography: p. [217]-227.

Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2005. / Advisor: Rochelle Marrinan, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Anthropology. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Jan. 26, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 90 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1967. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Published also as thesis (PH. D.) Columbia University, 1917. / Bibliography: p. [217]-227. Also available in digital form on the Internet Archive Web site.

Not available / text

This thesis has probed the influences of selected variables which operated to encourage the development of hierarchy among the Tarascans, but in contrast, acted to the deter any development of the hierarchy among the Mayans. Due to Tarascan successful interaction with their physical world, they developed a centralized state with formal institutions. This fact allowed the Spaniards to easily eradicate Tarascan political and religious power centers, and to replace them with Spanish contemporaries. As a defensive reaction to their complete subjugation by the Spaniards, the Tarascans molded a Spanish religious and political organization to meet their needs for the survival of their Tarascan identity.On the other hand, the Mayans were subject to the harshness of their environment in cultivating and harvesting milpa. These peasant Indians could only maintain their society in a decentralized condition whether political, religious, or social. Their heritage solely revolved around milpa cultivation. The Spaniards found it difficult to subdue them and they could never subvert the cultural core of the peasant Mayans with their religious and social institutions and values. The Mayans had no need to develop the hierarchy as a weapon against the intrusion of Spanish culture. They always found their identity, unity, and independence in their practices of milpa cultivation and ritual.

This dissertation provides a history of Spanish-Comanche relations during the era of Spanish Texas. The study is based on research in archival documents, some newly discovered. Chapter 1 presents an overview of events that brought both people to the land that Spaniards named Texas. The remaining chapters provide a detailed account of Spanish-Comanche interaction from first contact until the end of Spanish rule in 1821. Although it is generally written that Spaniards first met Comanches at San Antonio de Béxar in 1743, a careful examination of Spanish documents indicates that Spaniards heard rumors of Comanches in Texas in the 1740s, but their first meeting did not occur until the early 1750s. From that first encounter until the close of the Spanish era, Spanish authorities instituted a number of different policies in their efforts to coexist peacefully with the Comanche nation. The author explores each of those policies, how the Comanches reacted to those policies, and the impact of that diplomacy on both cultures. Spaniards and Comanches negotiated a peace treaty in 1785, and that treaty remained in effect, with varying degrees of success, for the duration of Spanish rule. Leaders on both sides were committed to maintaining that peace, although Spaniards were hampered by meager resources and Comanches by the decentralized organization of their society. The dissertation includes a detailed account of the Spanish expedition to the Red River in 1759, led by Colonel Diego Ortiz Parrilla. That account, based on the recently discovered diary of Juan Angel de Oyarzún, provides new information on the campaign as well as a reevaluation of its outcome. The primary intention of this study is to provide a balanced account of Spanish-Comanche relations, relying on the historical record as well as anthropological evidence to uncover, wherever possible, the Comanche side of the story. The research reveals much about the political organization of the Comanche people.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 217-231).