No abstract Provided. / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)

Research on mental rotation has consistently found sex differences, with males outperforming females on mental rotation tasks like the Vandenberg and Kuse (1978) mental rotation test (MRT; D. Voyer, Voyer, & Bryden, 1995). Mental rotation ability has been found to be enhanced with experience (Nazareth, Herrera & Pruden, 2013) and training (Wright, Thompson, Ganis, Newcombe, & Kosslyn, 2008) and the effects of training have been found to be transferable to other spatial tasks (Wright et al., 2008) and sustainable for months (Terlecki, Newcombe, & Little, 2008). Although, we now are fairly certain about the malleability of spatial tasks and the role of spatial activity experience, we seem to have undervalued an important piece of the puzzle. What is the mechanism by which experiential factors enhance mental rotation performance? In other words, what is it that develops in an individual as a consequence of experience? The current dissertation sought to address this gap in the literature by examining cognitive strategy selection as a possible mechanism by which experiential factors like early spatial activity experience enhance mental rotation performance. A total of 387 adult university students were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions. The three experimental conditions differed in the amount and type of non-spatial information present in the task stimuli. Participant eye movement was recorded using a Tobii X60 eye tracker. Study I investigated the different types of cognitive strategies selected during mental rotation, where eye movement patterns were used as indicators of the underlying cognitive strategies. A latent profile analysis revealed two distinct eye movement patterns significantly predicting mental rotation performance. Study II examined the role of early spatial activity experience in mental rotation performance. Male sex-typed spatial activities were found to significantly mediate the relation between participant sex and mental rotation performance. Finally, Study III examined the developmental role of early spatial activity experience in cognitive strategy selection and strategy flexibility to enhance mental rotation performance. Strategy flexibility was found to be significantly associated with mental rotation performance. Male sex-typed spatial activity experiences were found to be significantly associated with cognitive strategy selection but not strategy flexibility. Implications for spatial training and educational pedagogy in the STEM fields are discussed.

Using radiotracking techniques in Kostelecký les, we studied spatial activity and habitat preferences of three cryptic whiskered bats (Myotis alcathoe, Myotis brandtii, Myotis mystacinus). We examined whether the species emerged from roost at different times. We researched home range (MCP) size and feeding sites (95% Kernel, 50% Kernel), and the distances travelled from the roost. Using a compositional analysis, we evaluated what habitat of the home range and feeding sites Myotis alcathoe and Myotis mystacinus prefer.

Using radiotracking techniques in Kostelecký les, we studied spatial activity and habitat preferences of three cryptic whiskered bats (Myotis alcathoe, Myotis brandtii, Myotis mystacinus). We examined whether the species emerged from roost at different times. We researched home range (MCP) size and feeding sites (95% Kernel, 50% Kernel), and the distances travelled from the roost. Using a compositional analysis, we evaluated what habitat of the home range and feeding sites Myotis alcathoe and Myotis mystacinus prefer.

2 ABSTRACT The degree of spatial activity, especially the home-range size, is one of the basic biolog- ical characteristics of animals and whether it has enough resources is crucial for the survival and reproduction of the individual. Therefore, it is not surprising that many studies trying to make clear the effect of various ecological and morphological variables and explain the varia- bility of space activities. Bats are a group of mammals, for which until recently, existed only few information about their spatial activity. However, due to the miniaturization of technology and the use of radiotelemetry amount of information rapidly increasing. The aim of this study was to assemble the most complete information about the home- range size and foraging distance of bats and analyze the effect of variables that can influence the spatial activity. From published papers I collected data on 106 species representing 8 fami- lies. The influence of 6 variables (weight, wing loading, aspect ratio, food specialization, colony size, primary productivity of environment) on home-range size and average foraging distance of bat was analysed by phylogenetic regression (PGLS). The best predictor of the home-range size is the primary productivity of the environment, food specialization and body size. The best explanation of...