Submitted by DANILA BLANCO DE CARVALHO null (28472552810) on 2016-04-12T17:41:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Dr. Danila Blanco de Carvalho.pdf: 6148040 bytes, checksum: 510e83862caa6edf09797bb1e816f80b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-13T16:58:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carvalho_db_dr_arafcf.pdf: 6148040 bytes, checksum: 510e83862caa6edf09797bb1e816f80b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-13T16:58:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carvalho_db_dr_arafcf.pdf: 6148040 bytes, checksum: 510e83862caa6edf09797bb1e816f80b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A doença de Chagas é uma das principais parasitoses que ocorrem na América Latina, cujo agente etiológico é o protozoário Trypanosoma cruzi, que é veiculado por triatomíneos. Estima-se que entre oito milhões de pessoas estejam infectadas. Rhodnius é um dos gêneros que pode veicular T. cruzi e inclui espécies estreitamente relacionadas com baixos níveis de diferenciação morfológica. Atualmente, existem 19 espécies conhecidas, entre elas, Rhodnius montenegrensis que é considerada a fim de Rhodnius robustus. Para investigar as diferenças genéticas interespecíficas dessas duas espécies utilizou-se a metodologia de larga escala RNA-seq. Por essa técnica foram geradas quatro bibliotecas de RNA total de cabeças e glândulas salivares de machos de R. montenegrensis e R. robustus. Após filtrar pela qualidade, foram realizadas montagens de novo de cada uma das espécies. Esse processo resultou em 64952 contigs para R. montenegrensis e 70894 para R. robustus com N50 de 2100 para as duas espécies aproximadamente. Com base na montagem de R. robustus, foi feita uma procura por SNPs e foram encontrados 3055 polimorfismos interespecíficos fixados. Foram selecionados 216 transcritos com alta divergência contendo apenas polimorfismos fixados entre as duas espécies. O teste de enriquecimento nesses transcritos revelou uma sobrerepresentação de oito termos relacionados ao complexo da proteína clatrina. Os resultados obtidos mostram que R. montenegrensis e R. robustus apresentam uma quantidade substancial de polimorfismos interespecíficos fixados o que sugere um alto grau de divergência genética entre as duas espécies. / Chagas disease is one of the main parasitic diseases found in Latin America infecting an estimated eight million people worldwide. The protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, its etiological agent, uses triatomines as a disease vector, among them the genus Rhodnius. This genus includes species that have been difficult to differentiate because they show low amounts of morphological differentiation. Despite that, there are currently 19 known species described, one of them Rhodnius montenegrensis, which has been confounded with Rhodnius robustus. Here we generated Large-scale RNA-sequencing data from heads and salivary glands to investigate genetic differences between these two species. We produced a total of four RNAseq libraries from heads and salivary glands of males of R. montenegrensis and R. robustus. de novo transcriptome assemblies produced for each species resulted in 64,952 contigs for R. montenegrensis and 70,894 contigs for R. robustus, with N50 of approximately 2100 for both species. We performed a search for SNPs based on the more complete R. robustus assembly and found 3,055 fixed interspecific differences. We identified two hundred and sixteen transcripts with high levels of divergence which contained fixed polymorphisms found between the two species. A Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that these highly differentiated transcripts were enriched for the following terms: clathrin coat of endocytic vesicle, AP-2 adaptor complex, clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle, clathrincoated endocytic vesicle membrane, clathrin coat of coated pit, endocytic vesicle membrane, clathrin vesicle coat, and coated pit. The results reveal that R. montenegrensis and R. robustus show a substantial quantity of fixed interspecific polymorphisms, a finding which suggests a high degree of genetic divergence between the two species, which likely corroborates their species status. / CAPES: 23038.005285/2011-12

Yes / Execution of lineage-specific differentiation programs requires tight coordination between many regulators including Ten-eleven translocation (TET) family enzymes, catalyzing 5-methylcytosine oxidation in DNA. Here, by using Keratin 14–Cre–driven ablation of Tet genes in skin epithelial cells, we demonstrate that ablation of Tet2/Tet3 results in marked alterations of hair shape and length followed by hair loss. We show that, through DNA demethylation, Tet2/Tet3 control chromatin accessibility and Dlx3 binding and promoter activity of the Krt25 and Krt28 genes regulating hair shape, as well as regulate interactions between the Krt28 gene promoter and distal enhancer. Moreover, Tet2/Tet3 also control three-dimensional chromatin topology in Keratin type I/II gene loci via DNA methylation–independent mechanisms. These data demonstrate the essential roles for Tet2/3 in establishment of lineage-specific gene expression program and control of Dlx3/Krt25/Krt28 axis in hair follicle epithelial cells and implicate modulation of DNA methylation as a novel approach for hair growth control. / This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health grant 5R01 AR075776 (V.A.B. and A.A.S.) and grant 5R01 AR071727 (V.A.B. and A.A.S.) and the National Science Foundation of China (G.-L.X.). / Research Development Fund Publication Prize Award winner, Dec 2022.