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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Estudo numérico do escoamento ao redor de um cilindro oscilando. / Numerical investigation of the flow around an oscillating cylinder.

Raupp, Eduardo Mendonça 23 April 2007 (has links)
O objetivo deste projeto de mestrado é estudar o escoamento bidimensional ao redor de um cilindro isolado oscilando forçadamente e apoiado em base elástica através de simulações computacionais utilizando o Método de Elementos Espectrais. Este tópico suscita grande interesse no meio tecnológico, pois esta configuração aparece com bastante freqüência em estruturas marítimas, como os \"risers\" de produção e umbilicais de plataformas de exploração de petróleo, e também no meio acadêmico, uma vez que se trata do estudo de fenômenos complexos originados do escoamento ao redor de uma geometria simples: cilindro circular. A pesquisa tem seu principal enfoque na avaliação da utilização do método espectral de elementos finitos para solução do escoamento bidimensional no limite do regime de esteira laminar, Re < ou = 200 , ao redor de um cilindro oscilando forçadamente e apoiado em base elástica. As simulações do escoamento ao redor de um cilindro oscilando forçadamente são realizadas com duas amplitudes de oscilação do cilindro: 0.15D e 0.40D . Para cada amplitude são utilizadas dez freqüências de oscilação: 0.8 s f , 0.85 s f , 0.9 s f , 0.95 s f , 0.975 s f , 0.9875 s f , 1.025 s f , 1.05 s f , 1.075 s f e 1.1 s f ; onde D é o diâmetro do cilindro e s f é a freqüência de desprendimento de vórtices para cilindro fixo. O objetivo destas simulações é a tentativa de observação do fenômeno da mudança brusca do ângulo de fase entre a força transversal à direção da corrente e o deslocamento do cilindro, \"phase-jump\", obtendo, deste modo, uma base para comparação com trabalhos já existentes sobre o mesmo tema, avaliando o método numérico utilizado para o caso do escoamento ao redor de um cilindro oscilando. As simulações do escoamento ao redor de um cilindro apoiado em base elástica (livre para oscilar) foram feitas com apenas um grau de liberdade: a direção transversal ao escoamento incidente (eixo y no caso estudado). O resultado mais importante deste tipo de configuração, do ponto de vista prático (projetos de \"risers\", e outras estruturas cilíndricas), é a curva max A / D versus r V , isto, devido à dependência da vida útil destas estruturas à máxima amplitude de oscilação. Para reproduzir a curva max A / D versus r V , foram escolhidos os seguintes valores de velocidade reduzida: 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, e 10.0. / The goal of this work is to study through numerical simulations using the Spectral Elements Method the two-dimensional the flow past a single circular cylinder that is either in simple harmonic cross-flow oscillation or elastically mounted. This is a very important topic for the technological environment because this configuration is identical to offshore structures, like risers of oil production platform and is also important to scientific environment due to the study of complex phenomena originated from the flow past a very simple geometry: a circular cylinder. The focus of this research is to evaluate the use of Spectral Element Method for solution of two-dimensional flow past a circular cylinder that is either in simple harmonic cross-flow oscillation or elastically mounted, at the laminar wake limit, Re < or = 200 . Two oscillation amplitudes were employed for the forced oscillations simulations: 0.15D e 0.40D . And, for each amplitude, were selected ten frequencies: 0.8 s f , 0.85 s f , 0.9 s f , 0.95 s f , 0.975 s f , 0.9875 s f , 1.025 s f , 1.05 s f , 1.075 s f e 1.1 s f ; where D is the cylinder diameter and s f is the vortex shedding frequency. The phase jump phenomenon, e.g., the fast change of phase angle, is observed and compared with existents works evaluating the Spectral Elements Method for forced oscillations cases. In the elastically mounted simulations the most important result, for the practical point of view (risers design), is the max A / D x r V curve, e.g., maximum amplitude versus velocity ratio, due to the relation of risers lifetime with maximum oscillation amplitude. To build the max A / D x r V curve were selected the follow values of velocity ratio: 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, e 10.0.
2

Estudo numérico do escoamento ao redor de um cilindro oscilando. / Numerical investigation of the flow around an oscillating cylinder.

Eduardo Mendonça Raupp 23 April 2007 (has links)
O objetivo deste projeto de mestrado é estudar o escoamento bidimensional ao redor de um cilindro isolado oscilando forçadamente e apoiado em base elástica através de simulações computacionais utilizando o Método de Elementos Espectrais. Este tópico suscita grande interesse no meio tecnológico, pois esta configuração aparece com bastante freqüência em estruturas marítimas, como os \"risers\" de produção e umbilicais de plataformas de exploração de petróleo, e também no meio acadêmico, uma vez que se trata do estudo de fenômenos complexos originados do escoamento ao redor de uma geometria simples: cilindro circular. A pesquisa tem seu principal enfoque na avaliação da utilização do método espectral de elementos finitos para solução do escoamento bidimensional no limite do regime de esteira laminar, Re < ou = 200 , ao redor de um cilindro oscilando forçadamente e apoiado em base elástica. As simulações do escoamento ao redor de um cilindro oscilando forçadamente são realizadas com duas amplitudes de oscilação do cilindro: 0.15D e 0.40D . Para cada amplitude são utilizadas dez freqüências de oscilação: 0.8 s f , 0.85 s f , 0.9 s f , 0.95 s f , 0.975 s f , 0.9875 s f , 1.025 s f , 1.05 s f , 1.075 s f e 1.1 s f ; onde D é o diâmetro do cilindro e s f é a freqüência de desprendimento de vórtices para cilindro fixo. O objetivo destas simulações é a tentativa de observação do fenômeno da mudança brusca do ângulo de fase entre a força transversal à direção da corrente e o deslocamento do cilindro, \"phase-jump\", obtendo, deste modo, uma base para comparação com trabalhos já existentes sobre o mesmo tema, avaliando o método numérico utilizado para o caso do escoamento ao redor de um cilindro oscilando. As simulações do escoamento ao redor de um cilindro apoiado em base elástica (livre para oscilar) foram feitas com apenas um grau de liberdade: a direção transversal ao escoamento incidente (eixo y no caso estudado). O resultado mais importante deste tipo de configuração, do ponto de vista prático (projetos de \"risers\", e outras estruturas cilíndricas), é a curva max A / D versus r V , isto, devido à dependência da vida útil destas estruturas à máxima amplitude de oscilação. Para reproduzir a curva max A / D versus r V , foram escolhidos os seguintes valores de velocidade reduzida: 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, e 10.0. / The goal of this work is to study through numerical simulations using the Spectral Elements Method the two-dimensional the flow past a single circular cylinder that is either in simple harmonic cross-flow oscillation or elastically mounted. This is a very important topic for the technological environment because this configuration is identical to offshore structures, like risers of oil production platform and is also important to scientific environment due to the study of complex phenomena originated from the flow past a very simple geometry: a circular cylinder. The focus of this research is to evaluate the use of Spectral Element Method for solution of two-dimensional flow past a circular cylinder that is either in simple harmonic cross-flow oscillation or elastically mounted, at the laminar wake limit, Re < or = 200 . Two oscillation amplitudes were employed for the forced oscillations simulations: 0.15D e 0.40D . And, for each amplitude, were selected ten frequencies: 0.8 s f , 0.85 s f , 0.9 s f , 0.95 s f , 0.975 s f , 0.9875 s f , 1.025 s f , 1.05 s f , 1.075 s f e 1.1 s f ; where D is the cylinder diameter and s f is the vortex shedding frequency. The phase jump phenomenon, e.g., the fast change of phase angle, is observed and compared with existents works evaluating the Spectral Elements Method for forced oscillations cases. In the elastically mounted simulations the most important result, for the practical point of view (risers design), is the max A / D x r V curve, e.g., maximum amplitude versus velocity ratio, due to the relation of risers lifetime with maximum oscillation amplitude. To build the max A / D x r V curve were selected the follow values of velocity ratio: 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, e 10.0.
3

Modélisation d'ondes sismo-acoustiques par la méthode des éléments spectraux : application à un séisme en Atlantique Nord / Seismo-acoustic waves modelling through the spectral elements method : application to an earthquake in the Northern Atlantic

Jamet, Guillaume 02 July 2014 (has links)
Depuis plus de deux décennies, I'enregistrement des signaux hydroacoustiques par des hydrophones dans le canal SOFAR (SOund Fixing And Ranging) a permis la détection et la localisation de nombreux séismes de faible magnitude dans I'océan. Cependant, I'interprétation de ces signaux est actuellement incomplète. La complexité de la conversion des ondes sismiques en ondes acoustiques, appelées « ondes T », au niveau du plancher océanique, et de leur propagation dans la tranche d'eau n'est pas intégralement comprise et ne permet pas d'extraire beaucoup d'informations sur les séismes à leur origine. Une simulation numérique de ces signaux est proposée pour identifier et comprendre les paramètres environnementaux et les phénomènes majeurs entrant en jeu dans la génération des ondes T. L'approche proposée est la méthode des éléments spectraux, mise en œuvre dans le code SPECFEM2D. Cette approche s'avère adaptée à cet usage car elle permet d'aborder le phénomène de la génération et la propagation des ondes T dans son ensemble en tenant compte ses principales caractéristiques : le couplage fluide/solide (propagation sismique, conversion, et propagation acoustique), les profils de vitesse d'onde dans I'eau et dans la croute, et le tenseur des moments sismiques donnant le diagramme de radiation de la source. Les signaux simulés présentent des formes, des durées, des temps d'arrivée, et des amplitudes relatives tout à fait comparables aux enregistrements réels. Les différences observées proviennent sans doute du traitement 2D du problème et d'une représentation trop simpliste des environnements et de la source sismique. / For more than 2 decades, recording of hydroacoustic signals in the sopen channel (Sound Fixing And Ranging) has allowed the detection and localization of many low-magnitude earthquakes in the ocean. However the interpretation of these signals is still incomplete.The generation of acoustic waves, known as T-waves, resulting from the conversion of seismic waves into acoustic waves at the sea-bottom, and their propagation in the water column are not yet fully understood, which prevents to extract more information about the earthquakes they originate from. Here, we use numerical modelling to identify and understand the main environmental parameters and phenomena that control the generation and propagation of acoustic T-waves in the ocean. The proposed approach is a spectral element method, implemented in the code SPECFEM2D, which allows to address the problem in a comprehensive way taking into account the solid/fluid coupling (seismic propagation, conversion, acoustic propagation), velocity profiles of the waves in the crust and the ocean, and the moment tensor of the earthquake that defines the radiation pattern of the seismic source. Simulated acoustic signals present many similarities in the shape, duration, arrival times and amplitudes of the predicted T-waves with observed T-waves. Differences are likely due to the 2D representation of the problem and to the simplistic representation of the environment and of the seismic source.
4

Influence of the nonlinear behaviour of soft soils on strong ground motions / Influence du comportement non-linéaire des sols sur les mouvements sismiques forts

Martin, Florent de 07 June 2010 (has links)
Le comportement nonlinéaire des sols observé lors des mouvements sismiques forts est maintenant bien admis et le déploiement des puits accélérométriques a permis des analyses détaillées de la propagation des ondes ainsi qu’une évaluation quantitative des paramètres physiques tels que la vitesse de cisaillement et de compression des ondes et les facteurs d’amortissements en fonction de la déformation. En dépit du nombre grandissant d’études sur ce phénomène, sa connaissance est encore récente et les recherches sur les données de puits accélérométriques restent une étape importante vers la compréhension du comportement complexe in-situ des sédiments soumis à des mouvements sismiques forts.L’objectif de ces travaux est triple. Premièrement, un code d’inversion par algorithme génétique est développé afin d’inverser des données de puits accélérométriques via la théorie des matrices de propagation de Thomson-Haskell. Cette technique nous permet dans un premier temps de valider la structure en une dimension (1D) (e.g., vitesse des ondes de cisaillement, facteurs d’ amortissements) d’un puits accélérométrique dans le domaine linéaire et dans un second temps de mettre en évidence de manière quantitative le comportement nonlinéaire des sédiments lors du séisme de Fukuoka, 2005, Japon. Deuxièmement, les résultats de l’inversion sont utilisés pour tester des lois de comportement simples et avancées en utilisant la Méthode des éléments Finis. Les résultats montrent clairement que l’hypothèse bi-linéaire de la loi de comportement simple produit des séries temporelles non réalistes en vitesse et en accélération. L’utilisation d’une loi de comportement avancée mène à de meilleurs résultats, cependant, le nombre de paramètres ajustables pour obtenir des résultats consistants avec l’observation est un obstable inévitable. Troisièmement, afin d’étendre l’étude des effets de site à des dimensions supérieures, des codes 2D et 3D de la Méthode en éléments Spectraux sont développés et validés en comparant leurs résultats dans le domaine linéaire avec ceux obtenus théoriquement ou via d’autres méthodes numériques. / Nonlinear behavior of soft soils observed during strong ground motions isnow well established and the deployment of vertical arrays (i.e., boreholestations) has contributed to detailed wave propagation analyses and the assessmentfor quantitative physical parameters such as shear-wave velocity,pressure-wave velocity and damping factors with respect to shear strain levels.Despite the growing number of studies on this phenomena, its knowledgeis still recent and research on borehole station data remains an importantstep toward the understanding of the complex in-situ behavior of soft sedimentssubjected to strong ground motions.The purpose of this work is threefold. First, an inversion code by geneticalgorithm is developed in order to inverse borehole stations data viathe Thomson-Haskell propagator matrix method. This technique allows usto validate the one-dimensional (1D) structure (e.g., shear-wave velocity,damping factors) of a borehole in the linear elastic domain and to showquantitative evidence of the nonlinear behavior of the soft sediments duringthe 2005 Fukuoka Prefecture western offshore earthquake, Japan. Second,the results of the inversion are used in order to test simple and advancedconstitutive laws using the Finite Elements Method. The results clearlyshow that the bi-linear assumption of the simple constitutive law producesunrealistic velocity and acceleration time histories. The use of the advancedconstitutive law leads to better results, however, the number of parametersto be tuned in order to obtain results consistent with the observation is anunavoidable obstacle. Third, in order to extend the study of site effects tohigher dimensions, 2D and 3D codes of the very efficient Spectral ElementsMethod are developed and validated by comparing their results in the lineardomain with those obtained theoretically or with other numerical methods.

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