The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the effect of dispersion on a spectrum-sliced WDM (SS-WDM) system, specifically a system employing a single-mode optical fiber. The system performance is expressed in term of the receiver sensitivity defined as the average number of photon per bit <i>N_p</i>required for a given probability of bit error <i>P_e</i>. The receiver sensitivity is expressed in terms of two normalized parameters: the ratio of the optical bandwidth per channel and the bit rate <i>m</i>=<i>B</i>₀<i>/R_b</i>=<i>B</i>₀<i>T</i>, and the transmission distance normalized by the dispersion distance <i>z/L_D</i>. The former represents the effect of the excess beat noise caused by the signal fluctuation. The latter represents the effect of dispersion. The excess beat noise can be reduced by increasing the value of <i>m</i> (increasing the optical bandwidth<i> B</i>₀ for a given bit rate<i> R_b</i>). However, a large <i>m</i> implies that the degradation due to the dispersion is severe in a system employing a single-mode fiber. Therefore, there should be an optimum <i>m</i> resulting from the two effects. The theoretical results obtained from our analysis have confirmed this prediction. It is also shown that the optimum <i>m</i> (<i>m_opt</i>) decreases with an increase in the normalized distance. This suggests that the dispersion strongly affects the system performance. The increase in the excess beat noise is traded for the decrease in the dispersion effect. Additionally, the maximum transmission distance is relatively short, compared to that in a laser-based system. This suggests that the SS-WDM systems with single-mode fibers are suitable for short-haul systems, such as high-speed local-access network where the operating bit rate is high but the transmission distance is relatively short. / Master of Science

This dissertation investigates the design and performance issues of a recently demonstrated technique, termed as spectrum-slicing, for implementing wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) in optical fiber systems. Conventional WDM systems employ laser diodes operating at discrete wavelengths as carriers for the different data channels that are to be multiplexed. Spectrum-slicing provides an attractive low-cost alternative to the use of multiple coherent lasers for such WDM applications by utilizing spectral slices of a broadband noise source for the different data channels. The principal broadband noise source considered is the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise from an optical amplifier. Each slice of the spectrum is actually a burst of noise that is modulated individually for a high capacity WDM system. The stochastic nature of the broadband source gives rise to excess intensity noise which results in a power penalty at the receiver. One way to minimize this penalty, as proposed and analyzed for the first time in this work, is to use an optical preamplifier receiver. It is shown that when an optical preamplifier receiver is used, there exists an optimum filter bandwidth which optimizes the detection sensitivity (minimizes the average number of photons/bit) for a given error probability. Moreover the evaluated detection sensitivity represents an order of magnitude ( > 10 dB) improvement over conventional PIN receiver-based detection techniques for such spectrum-sliced communication systems. The optimum is a consequence of signal energy fluctuations dominating at low values of the signal time bandwidth product (m), and the preamplifier ASE noise dominating at high values of m. Operation at the optimum bandwidth renders the channel error probability to be a strong function of the optical bandwidth, thus providing motivation for the use of forward error correction coding (FEC). System capacity (for BER = ) is shown to be 23 Gb/s without coding, and 75 Gb/s with a (255,239) Reed Solomon code. The effect of non-rectangular spectra on receiver sensitivity is investigated for both OOK and FSK transmission, assuming the system (de)multiplexer filters to be N'th order Butterworth bandpass. Although narrower filters are recommended for improving power budget, it is shown that system penalty due to filter shape may be kept < 1 dB by employing filters with N > 2. Moreover spectrum-sliced FSK systems using optical preamplifier receivers are shown, for the first time, to perform better in a peak optical power limited environment. Performance-optimized spectrum-sliced WDM systems have potential use in both local loop and long-distance fiber communication systems which require low-cost WDM equipment for high data rate applications. / Ph. D.

Matter on a length scale comparable to that of a chemical bond is governed by the theory of quantum mechanics, but quantum mechanics is a many body theory, hence for the sake of chemistry or solid state physics, finding solutions to the governing equation, Schrodinger's equation, is hopeless for all but the smallest of systems. As the number of electrons increases, the complexity of solving the equations grows rapidly without bound. One way to make progress is to treat the electrons in a system as independent particles and to attempt to capture the many-body effects in a functional of the electrons' density distribution. When this approximation is made, the resulting equation is called the Kohn-Sham equation, and instead of requiring solving for one function of many variables, it requires solving for many functions of the three spatial variables. This problem turns out to be easier than the many body problem, but it still scales cubically in the number of electrons. In this work we will explore ways of obtaining the solutions to the Kohn-Sham equation in the framework of real-space pseudopotential density functional theory. The Kohn-Sham equation itself is an eigenvalue problem, just as Schrodinger's equation. For each electron in the system, there is a corresponding eigenvector. So the task of solving the equation is to compute many eigenpairs of a large Hermitian matrix. In order to mitigate the problem of cubic scaling, we develop an algorithm to slice the spectrum into disjoint segments. This allows a smaller eigenproblem to be solved in each segment where a post-processing step combines the results from each segment and prevents double counting of the eigenpairs. The efficacy of this method depends on the use of high order polynomial filters that enhance only a segment of the spectrum. The order of the filter is the number of matrix-vector multiplication operations that must be done with the Hamiltonian. Therefore the performance of these operations is critical. We develop a scalable algorithm for computing these multiplications and introduce a new density functional theory code implementing the algorithm. / text

Ces travaux de recherches visent à étudier et à proposer de nouvelles architectures dans le contexte d'une Nouvelle Génération de Réseau d'Accès Optique Passif (NG-PON). Cette nouvelle génération d'équipements se justifie par l'augmentation des besoins en débit (descendant et/ou montant), ou d'éventuelles futures obligations réglementaires. Elle a pour fil conducteur le souci d'optimiser les coûts de déploiement de l'accès FTTH. Depuis 2010, l'organisme de pré-normalisation, le FSAN (associé à l'ITU) a prévu une action sur le thème du NG-PON qui se décline en XG-PON1 pour la première vague (débit 10 Gbit/s descendant et 2.5 Gbit/s montant) puis en un deuxième volet appelé NG-PON2 (pour une offre viable commerciale basée sur un débit de l'ordre de 1 Gbit/s) pour succéder au G-PON et au XGPONl. Des évaluations ont été menées sur la transmission optique, plus exactement au niveau de la couche physique (mesures de taux d'erreur, budget optique, portée) pour en déduire par la suite la faisabilité et la performance des systèmes. Deux thématiques ont structuré le travail de thèse sur la base de ce périmètre d'analyse : i) la recherche de solutions techniques pour optimiser le nombre de centraux " opticalisés ", ii) la recherche de solutions dans le modem client pour permettre de se connecter à des solutions de type une longueur d'onde par client. Un combineur optique sans pertes répondant au meilleur remplissage des cartes OLTs (Optical Line Termination) au Central Optique a été démontré. Ce combineur optique permet la réduction des sites NRO (Noeud de Raccordement Optique). Cette thèse s'intéresse aussi à l'ONU (Optical Network Unit), l'équipement du côté du client qui est un élément fondamental qui impacte le modèle de coût dans les réseaux d'accès. Les ONU achromatiques (dont les émetteurs sont identiques quelque soit la longueur d'onde d'émission) étudiés sont soit à base de source large à découpage spectral (" Spectrum Slicing ") soit à base de lasers accordables. Ils offrent l'avantage de la simplicité dans une architecture dont le multiplexage et l'accès multiples sont basés sur la longueur d'onde. Le format de modulation avancé de type OFDM et l'emploi de la technique de traitement de signal comme l'égaliseur sont également mis en relief dans ces travaux de thèse. Ces deux aspects correspondent à des mises en oeuvre d'outils de l'état de l'art le plus récent pour compenser les pénalités d'une transmission optoélectronique.