The current financial crisis has stroke the World without leaving alone any sector, firmor household. Some sectors have been more affected than other ones. In the sport sector,gymnasiums and sport clubs have to adapt to the new situation while companies that didnot have been force to shut down or fire employees to stay afloat. According to Ferrell& Hartline (2002), if the company is not able to adapt, it will not be able to reach itsobjectives and by so, the company will no longer be profitable. The purpose of thisstudy was to examine how Balearic gymnasiums and sports clubs adapt their marketingstrategy focusing on their marketing mix to the renovated consumer buying behaviourduring the financial crisis. A quantitative method was used for this research, and the empirical data was gatheredfrom 76 gymnasiums and sports centres in the Balearic Islands. Primary data wasobtained though a survey via on-line to their respective emails. The results show that the different individuals analyzed have recognized a change intheir consumers’ behaviour and have applied different changes in their marketing mix.The findings can be of utility for similar companies that face a similar situation. It helpto understand how important is for a firm to have a proactive and flexible marketingstrategy to be able to adapt itself to the continuously changing environment in order toeither improve their position or survive on the market.

Title: Marketing plan for Czech association Sport for all for the years 2013 - 2015 Objectives: The main aim of this work is to draw up a marketing plan for Czech Association Sport for All for years 2013 - 2015. The formed marketing plan includes all steps needed for achieving marketing goals that are part of strategic objectives of the organization during the above mentioned period. Methods: In this thesis the following methods have been used: research into documents, an informal interview, questionnaire survey, SWOT and STEP analyses. All these methods have been employed to obtain information about Czech Association Sport for All. Results: The outcome of this thesis is the marketing plan for Czech Association Sport for All for years 2013 - 2015, which includes all the necessary requirements and thus could be used and inspire the organization in question to implement some marketing activities presented. Keywords: marketing, sport marketing, marketing of non-profit organization, marketing mix

Title: Comparison of proposals for sponsors in football clubs Objectives: The main objective of this diploma thesis is to compare and evaluate the list of advertisement options at 8 selected football clubs. Emphasis is placed on finding new trends that appear in tender leaves that are different from previous forms of list of advertisement options, as presented earlier literature. Methods: As a crucial method applied in this diploma thesis is considered content analysis. Additionally it was used as an analysis of documents and literature review. Results: According to available results show that the highest quality of tender leaf has a football club AC Sparta Praha. It offers on the Czech situation deluxe return for sponsorship. Other clubs bid sheet are much less sophisticated, but the differences between them are minimal. Diploma thesis shows the growing trend of new services partner of football clubs compared Čáslavová monograph (2009). It was found that the individual invitations to sheets appears additional 38 new areas related to the history, location and success of a particular football club. Keywords: sport marketing, sponsorship, advertising, list of advertisement options, football

Title: Marketing communications of AC Sparta Praha Objectives: The main objective of this thesis is to analyze contemporary state of marketing communications with the audience of AC Sparta Praha, identify deficiencies and develop a proposal to improve the marketing communications with fans of this club. Methods: In this thesis have been used methods of case study, analysis of available documents and texts, structured interview with director od marketing, and director of communications and public relations of AC Sparta Praha. Results: By the analysis of marketing communications of AC Sparta Praha has been found that several projects could be added. The proposal has been followed the concept of marketing communications, because i had not been detected considerable deficiencies. The proposal has come from the possibilities of the club to be realized. Keywords: sport marketing, football, communication strategy, social media, fan

Topic: Trends marketing on social networks and their use in sport Objectives: The main objective is Diploma thesis is a study of current trends in marketing on social networks toward use in sports. Methods: In thesis were analyzed current trends in marketing on social networks with application to sport and used to analyze methods of monitoring, observation. Further, it was in sports topic also used semi structured interview with the PR managers of sports organizations and a questionnaire survey among people related to sport. Results: The result of this Diploma thesis is a conceived predictions and recommendations marketing trends on social networks for sport. Key words: Interview, marketing, marketing trends, social networks, sport marketing.

A marca é um importante ativo intangível para as empresas, que pode contribuir para aumentar o valor e o sucesso no mercado. O bom gerenciamento da marca exige um sistema para entender e medir como o valor da marca é criado. Tratado, na maioria das vezes, como brand equity, existem diversas perspectivas nas quais ele é abordado. Alguns modelos abordam perspectivas exclusivamente financeiras. Outros, exclusivamente relacionadas ao consumidor. Outros ainda, convergem ambas perspectivas. O presente estudo defende a convergência perspectivas e buscou modelos integrados para analisar junto ao campo escolhido: o mercado do futebol. Que foi selecionado devido à representatividade no Brasil, às discussões para profissionalização e o envolvimento de um consumidor particular, o torcedor, movido pela paixão pelo clube. Como objetivo principal, busca-se entender a integração dos modelos de brand equity, sob a perspectiva financeira e do consumidor, no mercado do futebol. Foi desenvolvido um estudo exploratório, com entrevistas em profundidade, análise documental e registros em arquivos. As entrevistas realizaram-se com importantes stakeholders do mercado do futebol. Os dados obtidos foram triangulados, buscando encontrar padrões para a análise dos resultados, que será feita por meio da análise de conteúdo. Foi possível: analisar os modelos teóricos de brand equity e verificar aplicação das variáveis no mercado do futebol; analisar modelos práticos utilizados no mercado do futebol; verificar a integração financeira e do consumidor do brand equity no mercado do futebol; e avaliar a importância e as implicações gerencias e de marketing do brand equity no mercado do futebol. A contribuição teórica para o marketing está, principalmente, na ampliação do escopo dos modelos teóricos de brand equity integrado, tratando um consumidor particular, movido pela paixão. Além da proposição de um guideline, para o brand equity dos clubes de futebol brasileiros. / Brand is an important intangible asset for companies, which can help to increase the market value success. Brand management requires a system to understand and measure how to create brand equity. There are a number of perspectives in which brand equity is broached. Some of them address financial perspectives. Others, the consumer approach. Still others converge both perspectives. This article advocates for convergence and sought for integrated models to analyze within soccer market. Soccer was selected because its representativeness in Brazil, its professionalization discussions and supporters involvement, a particular consumer driven by his passion for the team. The main objective is to understand brand equity models integration, under financial and consumer perspectives, in soccer market. A exploratory study was developed, based on interviews, documentation and archival records. Interviews were held with key soccer market stakeholders. Data were triangulated to search for patterns to results analyzes. Results were obtained by content analysis. It was possible to analyze theoretical brand equity models and to verify its variables application in the soccer market. I addition, practical soccer market brand equity models were analyzed. Soccer market brand equity models were examined in terms of financial and consumer perspectives integration. Soccer market brand equity importance, managerial and marketing implications were evaluated. In terms of marketing contribution, it was possible to expand theoretical integrated brand equity models scope, based on a particular consumer. In addition, it was possible to propose a guideline for Brazilian soccer clubs brand equity.

Apesar da existência de modelos externos, percebe-se a sua pouca utilização em estratégias ou ações mercadológicas nos clubes brasileiros, que preferem focar suas ações nas propostas de curto prazo (patrocínio), em detrimento das propostas estruturadas em aspectos culturais, sociais, econômicos e políticos do país (região) e do próprio clube.O problema de pesquisa derivou da percepção do pesquisador, da ausência de ações de marketing esportivo que contemplassem as características próprias do cenário futebolístico nacional, havendo, no entanto, a existência de ações primárias que almejavam resultados em curto prazo, em detrimento de propostas de médio e longo prazo. Verificaram-se modelos de gestão que atendiam às necessidades (temporárias) administrativas dos clubes envolvidos em processos de transformação para clube-empresa No entanto os modelos vigentes atendiam parcialmente e temporariamente às necessidades dos clubes envolvidos. Em função das transformações pelas quais passam os clubes e o futebol brasileiro, buscou-se pela identificação e caracterização das variáveis da estratégia de marketing esportivo elaborado e implementado pelos clubes em estudo, além da identificação e análise das variáveis que caracterizam o marketing esportivo dos clubes estudados e da proposição de um modelo estratégico de gestão de marketing esportivo a partir dos conhecimentos obtidos pela pesquisa. Esta proposta partiu do pressuposto que, ao se identificarem e analisarem as variáveis que contribuem para ?falta de previsão nos empreendimentos de marketing? e que dificultam o processo de gestão mercadológica, poderia ser proposto um modelo teórico que atendesse às características essenciais da estratégia de marketing esportivo para os clubes-empresa brasileiros. Procurouse então verificar os aspectos que definem o estado de miopia do marketing esportivo nas estratégias de marketing esportivo dos clubes de futebol no Brasil. Quanto à metodologia optou-se pela abordagem exploratória. A opção pelo estudo de caso (Clube Atlético Paranaense e Grêmio Futebol Porto Alegrense) deu-se face à sua característica de gerar hipóteses e descobrimentos. Utilizou-se como instrumento de coleta de dados a entrevista em profundidade, análise de documentos disponibilizados pelos clubes e um diário de pesquisa para relato das observações do pesquisador sobre os dados relevantes, sendo seus relatórios comparados posteriormente. O estudo permitiu a seguinte conclusão: os clubes estudados se utilizam de modelos que não atendem às características nacionais e regionais; as estratégias de marketing analisadas, apresentam ?barreiras ou dificultadores? que comprometem sua gestão profissional; suas estratégias baseiam-se em dados incertos e propostas de ações paliativas e de curto prazo. No que se refere a proposta do modelo de gestão para o plano de marketing esportivo, este procurou atender às (?GAP?) diferenças percebidas entre o que era proposto pelos gestores e o que efetivamente ocorria após a implementação do plano de marketing. Considerando que esses clubes, objeto do estudo de caso, foram ou são referências no que se refere às estratégias de marketing, concluiu-se que o resultado pode se estender para as demais agremiações, caracterizando o estado de ?miopia das estratégias de marketing esportivo dos clubes de futebol no Brasil? que, por conseqüência, dificulta o processo de gestão profissional dos clubes nacionais. / Although the existence of external models, it is perceived its little marketing use in strategies or actions in the Brazilian clubs, that prefer to focus its action in the proposals of short term (sponsorship), in detriment of the proposals structuralized in cultural aspects, social, economic and politicians of the country (region) and the proper club. The research problem derived from the perception of the researcher, of the absence of actions of sporting marketing that contemplated the proper characteristics of the national football scene, having, however, the existence of primary actions that longed for resulted in short term, in detriment of proposals of medium and long run. Management models had been verified that took care of to the necessities (temporary) administrative of the involved clubs in processes of transformation for club-company. However the effective models in force, took care of partially and temporarily to the necessities of the involved clubs. In function of the transformations for which pass the clubs and the Brazilian soccer, it was searched for the identification and characterization of the sporting marketing strategy variable elaborated and implemented by the clubs in study, beyond the identification and analysis of the variable that characterize the sporting marketing of the studied clubs, beyond the proposal of a strategical model of management of sporting marketing from the knowledge gotten for the research. This proposal left of the estimated one that if identifying and analyzing the variable that contribute for ?lack of forecast in the marketing enterprises? and that make it difficult the process of marketing management, could be considered a theoretical model that took care of to the essential characteristics of the strategy of sporting marketing for the Brazilian club-company. It was looked then to verify the aspects that define the state of myopia of the sporting marketing in the strategies of sporting marketing of the clubs of soccer in Brazil. As for the methodology, it was opted to the exploratory boarding. The option for the case study (Athletical Club Paranaense and Grêmio Soccer Porto Alegrense) gave face to its characteristic to generate hypotheses and discoveries. It was used as instrument of collection given to the interview in depth, document analysis disposable by the clubs and a daily one of research for story of the comments of the researcher on the excellent data, being its reports comparative later. The study allowed the following conclusion: the studied clubs use models that do not take care of to the national and regional characteristics; the analyzed strategies of marketing, present ?barriers or dificultors? that compromise its professional management; its strategies are based on uncertain data and proposals of palliative actions and short term. With respect to proposal of the model of management for the plan of sporting marketing, this looked for to take care of to this ?GAP?, perceived between what was considered for the managers and what effectively occurred after the implementation of the marketing plan. Considering that these clubs had been or are references as for the marketing strategies, was concluded that the result can be extended for the clubs in general, characterizing the state of ?myopia of the strategies of sporting marketing of the clubs of soccer in Brazil? characterizing that, for consequence, makes it difficult the process of professional management of the national clubs.

The purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy of using loyalty programs on sport fans’ relationship quality and fan engagement toward sport organizations. This study also sought to explore which relationship quality and fan engagement factors potentially differed as a result of using loyalty programs. Since there are two major defined sport levels, differences were explored across niche and mainstream sport organizations. Using relationship marketing as the theoretical framework, participants (n = 678) were administered a 55-item instrument that included revised relationship quality and fan engagement scales. Quantitative data were used to run confirmatory factor analyses, analyses of covariance, and multivariate analyses of covariance. Results first showed that significant differences existed between mainstream sport fans that have access to a loyalty program and mainstream sport fans that do not have access to a loyalty program. Mainstream sport fans that have access to a loyalty program had higher identification and reciprocity. Mainstream sport fans that do not have access to a loyalty program were found to have higher overall fan engagement, commitment, intimacy, and performance tolerance. Results also showed differences between niche sport fans that have access to a loyalty program and mainstream sport fans that have access to a loyalty program. Mainstream sport fans that have access to a loyalty program were divided into two groups (simple or complex) based on the design of the loyalty programs. Niche sport fans that have access to a loyalty program were found to have higher overall relationship quality, trust, intimacy, management cooperation, and performance tolerance. The findings provide an introduction in to the possibility that loyalty programs could be effective for increasing relationship quality for both niche and mainstream sport organizations. Moreover, for niche sport organizations that have access to fewer resources, it is encouraging that the use of a loyalty program appears to have the capabilities to build stronger relationships and engagement. These results provide several implications for sport organizations and sport marketers and serve as a foundation for which future research on loyalty programs can build.

The professional sport market and its established teams offer consumers a service and experience that is typically high in social identification, emotional involvement (Underwood, Bond & Baer, 2001) and a sense of community or social belonging (Heere & James, in press). The strong social attachment to a sports organisation and its brand is proposed here to closely resemble the concept of a brand community (Muñiz Jr & O'Guinn, 2001). For newly-established teams without a considerable history, along with having to compete with their established competitors, there is generally a lack of consumer identification or emotional investment in the team.This study aimed to investigate newly-established teams within the New Zealand sports market with two specific research questions: 1) What issues affect the development of a new sports team brand, and 2) Do managers of new sports teams use antecedents of brand community or social identification in their branding strategies, and if so, how?A qualitative, case study approach was used; featuring both interviews with managers of three newly-established New Zealand sports teams and direct observations of their stadiums. Findings suggested that the managers believed that existing image and awareness, audience nature, win-loss record, quality of the team or competition, and a lack of history were the main issues affecting the development of their brands. Respondents largely considered the antecedents of a brand community as important, with the exception of history. Promotion of these antecedents was largely absent from each of the team's branding strategies. Along with providing a detailed review of brand community literature, this thesis provides recommendations for managers of new teams on how to develop and position branding strategy toward the long-term goal of creating a community around their team brand.

The purpose of this study was to explore the differences between American students and Asian international students' frequency of sport spectating, motivation, team identification, future behavior and perceived barriers to attending intercollegiate sporting events. This study designed to provide sport marketers and athletic directors within intercollegiate programs a more comprehensive understanding of Asian international students and American students' characteristics by comparing the differences of spectating behavior, team identification, motivation and potential barriers between the groups. The results of this study show that there were significant differences on the variables between groups. Two groups differed on frequency of attending, frequency of watching, education, income, and marital status. Moreover, American students scored significantly higher on the motivation, team identification and future behavior than Asian international students. On the other hand, Asian international students scored significantly higher on the barrier factor than American students.