1 RESUME The title of the thesis: The possibilities for Volleyball Training of Children aged 6-10 Place: Charles University Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Department of Sport Games Author: Magdaléna Choutková Branch of Study: Physical Education and Sports Thesis Supervisor: doc. PhDr. Jaroslav Buchtel, CSc. Year of Thesis Defence: 2012 Abstract: The master's thesis deals with the issue of the preparation of young volleyball players who are not able to master either basic ways of playing or individual game activities in volleyball. The children are between six and ten years old which corresponds with the lower primary education. Volleyball is a kind of sport where the basic individual game activities are considered very difficult. For playing volleyball well, children must firstly reach a certain degree of physical abilities. If we start too early, then we achieve an early specialization, which has mostly a negative impact on young sportsmen. The aim of the thesis is to choose and evaluate some ways of preparation of young volleyball players between six and ten. At the same time I am going to focus on the approaches, which are specific for the real volleyball game. I do not intend to list activities, which only generally help to develop the kinesthetic abilities, but I want to deal with activities,...

Training of young athletes. The effect of athletic training on a sportsman's personality. Objectives: The main objectives of this work was analysed effect of athletic training in the athletic group from athletic club TJ Jäkl Karviná during their sport's developement. We researched what athletic training have effects on a personality of sportsman and how is structured group by sociometry investigation. Further we evaluated training, tests and functions of training system in these group. Methods: In our work we used empirical methods of pedagogical research. We investigated position of athletes in these group within questionary and sociometry test. For analysis we used all accessible training notations, tests and videorecordings. Results: We came to a conclusion that expertly guideed training has positive influence on the personality development of sportsman and his incorporation to the society. Controlled and planned training contributed to better sports performance and showed up like as positive for stimulation of condition, health state and universal development of human. Keywords: athletic training, sports group, sociometry, control of sport training, group profile, education of athletes

This dissertation will give us insight into racewalking as a discipline, we will learn interesting facts from the history, then it will introduce us to its specifics and differences. Thereafter, the dissertation focuses on the structure of performance and training in racewalking. The main focus of my dissertation is the topic of nutrition, which is the key factor in the overall performance. It describes all the necessary components of a diet, which are very important in a well prepared pre-race training. The next fundamental theme is the replenishment of glycogen, which is needed for a proper work of muscles and to correctly utilize the supercompensation diet. Furthermore, the forms, rules and methods of being on a supercompensation diet will be shown on specific cases. Last, but not least, it will cover the importance of fluid intake for an athlete.

Le complexe muscle-tendon est constitué d’une composante élastique série fondamentale à son fonctionnement. Cette composante élastique série est composée d’une fraction active située au sein du sarcomère et d’une fraction passive formée par les tissus tendineux (tendon et aponévrose). Elle a un rôle majeur pour optimiser le mouvement en améliorant le rendement énergétique du muscle et le travail produit.La mise au point d’une nouvelle méthode couplant une technique de détente rapide (Quick release) et un échographe haute fréquence a permis de quantifier les contributions de compliance des structures élastiques séries (tendon, aponévrose et fascicules musculaires) à la compliance globale du complexe muscle-tendon en condition active lors d’un test de détente rapide. Les résultats de la première étude montrent que le tendon a une contribution de compliance majoritaire (environ 72 %) tandis que les fascicules musculaires et l’aponévrose contribuent respectivement à 18 % et 10 %. Le tendon confirme donc son rôle capital dans la compliance de la composante élastique série en condition active. De plus, les contributions constantes du tendon, des fascicules musculaires et de l’aponévrose observées aux différents niveaux de couple pourraient aider à simplifier le mécanisme de régulation de la compliance et à maintenir le rôle majeur du tendon dans l’efficience du mouvement.Cette nouvelle méthode a permis d’étudier les adaptations mécaniques de la composante élastique série à la variation de la demande fonctionnelle, notamment en quantifiant les modifications des contributions relatives de compliance des structures élastiques séries chez des escrimeurs élites dans la deuxième étude puis chez des sujets spastiques dans la troisième étude. Concernant les escrimeurs élite, les résultats montrent que les contributions de compliance des structures élastiques de la jambe dominante du groupe d’escrimeurs sont significativement différentes à celles correspondant à la jambe du groupe contrôle, avec notamment une part plus importante de contribution pour l’aponévrose (21,1 vs 15,9 %) et une part minorée pour les fascicules (9,5 vs 13,8 %) concernant la jambe dominante des escrimeurs. En revanche, la contribution du tendon (environ 70 %) est identique pour les deux jambes. Ces modifications tendent à majorer le rôle des tissus tendineux (tendon et aponévrose) et à minorer le rôle des fascicules musculaires ce qui permettrait une utilisation supérieure des structures élastiques tendineuses pour un meilleur rendement énergétique et une performance accrue. Il est possible que l'aponévrose soit un système complémentaire à l’adaptation du complexe muscle-tendon en cas d'hyperactivité.La troisième étude est devenue une étude de cas en raison de la difficulté à tester les patients spastiques sur le Quick release. Elle s’est portée sur un patient spastique dont l’atteinte motrice était plus faible que les autres et a montré des contributions relatives de compliance du tendon (75,3 %) et de l’aponévrose (15,2 %) supérieures à celle des fascicules (9,5 %) Ce résultat s’expliquerait par une augmentation de la raideur du muscle et une diminution de la raideur des tissus tendineux observées classiquement dans les études menées sur des sujets spastiques. / The muscle-tendon complex contains a serie elastic component which is fundamental to its functioning. This serie elastic component is composed of an active part located within the sarcomere and a passive part located in the tendon and aponeurosis. It has a major role to optimize the movement by improving the muscle energetic efficiency and the produced work.A new method coupling a quick release ergometer and a high frequency ultrasound device was used to quantify the compliance contributions of the series elastic structures (tendon, aponeurosis and muscle fascicles) to the global compliance of the muscle-tendon complex in active conditions. The results of the first study showed that the tendon has a major compliance contribution (about 72%) while the muscle fascicles and aponeurosis contributions are 18% and 10%, respectively. The tendon confirms its key role in the compliance of the serie elastic component in active condition. In addition, the constant contributions of tendon, muscle fascicles and aponeurosis observed at various levels of torque may help simplify the regulation mechanism of compliance and maintain the major role of the tendon in the efficiency of the movement.This new method was also used to study the mechanical adaptations of the serie elastic component to variation of the functional demand. The changes in the relative compliance contributions of series elastic structures were quantified in elite fencers in the second study and in spastic subjects in the third study. Regarding the elite fencers, the results showed that the compliance contributions of the elastic structures in the dominant leg of fencers group were significantly different to those corresponding to the leg of the control group. The aponeurosis compliance contribution was higher for the dominant leg of the fencers groupe (21.1 vs 15.9%) while the muscle fascicles contribution was lower for the fencers group (9.5 vs 13.8%). The tendon contribution (about 70%) was the same for both legs. These changes tend to increase the role of tendon tissue (tendon and aponeurosis) and decrease the role of muscle fascicles which would allow greater use of tendon elastic structures for better energetic efficiency and improved performance. It is possible that aponeurosis is a complementary system to the adaptation of the muscle-tendon complex in the case of hyperactivity.The third study has become a case study because of the difficulty in testing the spastic patients on Quick release. Finally, the study has been done on a spastic patient with minor motor impairment compared to the others patients. The results showed a tendon and aponeurosis compliance contributions (75.3% and 15.2% respectively) higher than the muscle fascicles compliance contribution (9.5%). This result may be explained by an increase in muscle stiffness and a decrease in tendon stiffness, which is classically observed in studies with spastic subjects.

This work deals with the design of universal wireless timer for fire sport disciplines. Fire sport is a group of more than 15 disciplines. There are different ways of time measurement for each discipline. Important part of this work is detailed research of individual disciplines and their requirements at time measurement system and it's accessories. Another part of this work deals with the specification of wireless timekeeping system, which involves suitable partitioning of time measurement system into wirelessly communication modules. The interface for connecting sensors and accessories is also specified. Designed system is suitable for racing and training purposes, it has short installation time. This work also deals with the design of electronics (power and digital circuits) for each module and also with building of prototype, which is tested using prepared scenarios. New findings are evaluated and lead to design of next generation of time measurement system.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this thesis is to identify the effect of trunk stabilization training based on Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS) on maximum kayak ergometer power output and reported self-disability in the shoulder girdle area. METHOD: Thirty flatwater kayakers of both genders (17 - 25 years old) were randomly divided into two groups. Crossover design was used for this study. Subjects in the experimental group (group A) integrated DNS exercises into standard flatwater training during the first phase. The control group (group B) conducted only common flat water training at the same time. After 6 weeks, the groups were switched. Then group B underwent the same DNS exercise with the same intensity and the same time. The intervention was the same for both phases and took 6 weeks. Group A performed only standard off-season training during the second phase. The maximum power output on kayak ergometer was measured three times (before study, after 6 weeks and after 12 weeks). Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) were analyzed at the same time. RESULTS: Initially, no significant differences in maximum power output on kayak ergometer and the DASH questionnaire score were identified between the groups. During the first phase the experimental group (group A) improved the maximum...