Not available / text

Not available / text

This study aimed to investigate if the strength of athletic identity affected the rankings (or salience hierarchy) of 6 every-day life roles among 100 elite South African Swimmers. The link between performance and athletic identity was also investigated along with an investigation of the effects of age and gender. There was found to be no interaction between athletic identity and ranking of life roles; only the athlete role was found to be significantly different between high and medium athletic identity groups. A difference was found between elite and non-elite athletes in the ranking of life roles. There was also no association between athletic identity and performance. As age increased athletic identity decreased, and gender was found to have no influence on athletic identity. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2005.

This dissertation evaluates the veracity of Richard Scott’s three pillars of institutionalization: regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive. The test of his theory is whether the processes and practices within the environments of the three pillars can account for differences between academic performance and athletic performance in Miami-Dade County, Florida public schools. Scott’s model of institutionalization works better in predicting academic success than it does athletic success in the context of this study as evidenced by the majority of the findings coming from the scholastic realm. The primary methodological approach was to obtain publicly available measures of academic performance and resources for 31 high schools in Miami-Dade County, FL, and then evaluate relationships between these academic indicators and measures of 􀀃 􀀃school athletic performance. Pearson (parametric) and Spearman (non-parametric) correlation coefficients were calculated to estimate the strength of association between school characteristics and measures of academic and athletic performance. These analyses further informed the construction of stepwise multiple linear regression models that regressed the dependent variable (a measure of academic or athletic performance) with a range of possible independent variables all related to individual school characteristics. Improvement in the academic categories included in this dissertation (math, science, reading, and writing) has been the goal of a great deal of legislation that deals with education at the federal, state, and local level. The top indicator of a school’s academic performance was the number of highly qualified teachers within a school. Cultural-cognitive pillar indicators of socioeconomic status, including minority rate and percentage of students in a school who are eligible for free lunch, were negatively associated with academic performance. Thus, normative and cultural-cognitive processes can have a significant impact on whether laws and legislation have their intended effect. In the end, it is reasonable to conclude that all three pillars complement each other in interdependent ways within Scott’s institutional framework with different pillars taking prominence as time and circumstances change. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2014. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Meanings when consuming sport are socially constructed, culturally patterned, and cognitively organized. In order to identify common elements and explore national differences in the meanings of sport consumption, this study used the Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique (ZMET) to interview fans of professional basketball in the United States and China. Sixteen fans of professional basketball from each country were interviewed. Six categories of themes emerged from the interview data. They were: fanship socialization, fanship in life, the NBA/CBA interpretation, sport definition, identity orientation, and experience orientation. A model of fanship meaning and structure was then developed to represent fanship across the two national cultures. The model reveals that sport fanship can be conceptualized as mental maps with largely universal and interconnected cognitive constructs substantiated with meanings woven into fabrics using threads derived from the fans’ social and cultural contexts. Because of this social and cultural embeddedness, there is substantial cross-cultural variation in the ways that sport is interpreted. In particular, the two national groups have developed different definitions of what it means to be a fan. Americans focus on the team’s symbolic representation of their home city whereas Chinese see their connection with basketball-as-a-sport to be central to their fanship. This is a result of variation in the ways that fans were socialized into sport, the social significance of sport, and the fact that most Chinese fans follow NBA teams. The differences in fanship definition consequently exert cascading effects on the ways fans identify with basketball and experience the game. Findings of this study piece together different research streams to render a holistic conceptualization of fanship across the social, cultural, and psychological spheres. Based on the findings, a research program for a Sport Consumption Culture Theory (SCCT) was conceptualized. It is proposed that an emphasis on symbolism enabled by sport for identity construction and the characteristics of sport as consumption objectives form the core of a SCCT research program, and distinguish it from the general consumer research. / text

According to Metheny (1965), people's impressions of the acceptability of sport for women varies across several factors, including culture and gender. In this study, 206 prospective physical education teachers from Canada and Kenya were questioned about their perceptions of gender appropriateness of various sports. They completed Likert-type questionnaires related to sport/physical activities found in their respective university curricula. For those sports that appeared in both countries, responses were compared (2 x 2 ANOVA) for effects of culture and gender. Gender differences were also addressed within each culture. / Results revealed that Canadian respondents perceived fewer sports to be on the extremes of the male-female continuum than did the Kenyan respondents. Females in both cultures considered more sports to be appropriate for both male and female participation than did their male counterparts. However, Canadian and Kenyan respondents, both male and female, unanimously perceived some sports to be primarily appropriate for males and others primarily appropriate for females. / The study supports Metheny's contention of cultural variance in perceptions of the gender appropriateness of sports. Although many sports that had been considered inappropriate for females in 1964 are today considered to be androgynous, especially by Canadians, some gender stereotyping still remains to be overcome. Implications for physical education teachers are suggested.

Usages and meanings associated with three key cultural metaphors, "outlaw," "family," and "community" are examined in order to determine the limits of their applicability within American sprint car racing, and to provide a clearer understanding of the cultural significance of sprint car racing in America. These three metaphors have multiple functions. They are used to structure relationships, communicate codes of conduct, express attitudes, and enculturate participants.The sprint car racing "community" is outside the mainstream of sport culture in America, and it is at once metaphoric, ideal, and real. Culture provides participants with a range of possible mechanisms for structuring, organizing, and communicating the value system(s) and symbolic system(s) involved in the construction and racing of sprint cars. Sprint car racing in America provides an outlet for a preferred way of life in which competitive behavior is a major aspect. Cooperation with those whom you are competing against functions to reinforce the values of the "community." / Department of Anthropology

Orientador: Eduardo Kokubun / Coorientador: Priscila Missaki Nakamura / Banca: Tania Rosane Bertoldo Benedetti / Banca: Henrique Luiz Monteiro / Resumo: No Brasil, 45,1% da população não atingem as recomendações de Atividade Física (AF) sendo um fator de alta relação com às Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis. A Atenção Primária atinge cerca de 50% dos brasileiros, tornando-se um local hábil para a promoção de estratégias em AF. O Breve Aconselhamento é um exemplo potencial para aumentar os níveis de AF da população, melhorar a Qualidade de Vida (QdV) e ser econômico. Mas pouco se sabe sobre a efetividade desse tipo de intervenção no Brasil e, um método para verificá-la é por meio da análise econômica de custo-utilidade que fornece o Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALY) ganho. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar o custo-utilidade incremental de uma intervenção de Breve Aconselhamento para a prática de atividade física (BA), de uma estratégia de Indicação para a Prática de Atividade Física supervisionada (IPAF), e de um grupo Controle e, verificar a influência das intervenções sobre o percentual de fisicamente ativos em adultos usuários de unidades do Programa Saúde da Família (PSF) de Rio Claro-SP, durante 12 meses. O estudo é de característica longitudinal, composto por 75 usuários da unidade do PSF de Rio Claro - SP. Para a obtenção dos valores de QALY utilizou-se o questionário SF-36. Para o tempo de AF aplicou-se o questionário International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-versão longa) e o Modelo Transteorético (MTT) para verificar mudança de comportamento. Os grupos foram divididos em três pela função aleatória do Exc... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In Brazil, 45.1% of the population do not reach the recommendations of Physical Activity (PA) being a factor of high relation with the Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases. Primary Care reaches about 50% of Brazilians, becoming a good place to promote strategies in PA. Brief Counseling is a potential example for increasing the population's PA levels, improving Quality of Life (QoL) and being economical. But little is known about the effectiveness of this type of intervention in Brazil, and one method of verifying it is through the economic cost-utility analysis that provides the Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALY) gain. The objective of the study was to compare the incremental cost-utility of a Brief Counseling intervention for the practice of physical activity (BC), an Indicated Practice for Supervised Physical Activity (IPAF) strategy, and a Control group and, to verify the influence of the interventions on the percentage of physically active in adult users of units of the Family Health Program (PSF) of Rio Claro-SP, for 12 months. The study is a longitudinal feature, composed of 75 users of the PSF unit of Rio Claro - SP. To obtain the QALY values, the SF-36 questionnaire was used. For the PA time, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-long version) and the Transtheoric Model (MTT) were applied to verify behavior change. The groups were divided into three groups by the random function of Excel: (1) BC, with an average duration of 20 min, in which the participa... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Kein anderer als Schiller bringt mit seinen Worten das tiefe Empfinden fur das Spiel so vernehmlich zum Ausdruck und die unternommene Studie der Sport- Soziologie so greifbar nahe. Den der Mensch im Spiel und in seinem menschlichen Verhalten durch das Spiel fugt die beabsichtigte Studie zum neuen Konzept des modernen Sportes zussammen und begründet das fundamentale Suchen menschlicher Bedürfnisse des Erlebens durch den Sport - manifestiert weiterhin durch die Worte von Caillois: "Sage mir, was Du spielst - und ich will Dir sagen, wer Du bist" Intro., p. 1.

No description available.