A pesquisa realizada na área do Sítio Arqueológico Célia Maria, localizado na região da Bacia do Rio Santo Anastácio (afluente da Bacia do Paraná), Estado de São Paulo, demonstrou uma ocupação guarani pré-colonial. A cerâmica foi datada por termoluminescência, situando a ocupação em torno de 450±60 anos atrás. Este trabalho traz dados referentes à cerâmica identificada na área do Sítio Célia Maria, que também apresentou três manchas pretas, lítico polido e possível estrutura de combustão. A partir da análise tecno-tipológica da cerâmica, demonstramos a sequência dos gestos técnicos para a produção dos artefatos, assim como reconstituímos graficamente a forma de vasos, a partir de fragmentos de bordas. Essas reconstituições possibilitaram inferir a forma e a função dos antigos recipientes guarani. Os dados espaciais somados às características dos atributos cerâmicos do Sítio Célia Maria foram confrontados com outras pesquisas disponíveis que versaram sobre a presença dos guarani na Bacia do Paraná e Paranapanema. / The research conducted in the archaeological site area Célia Maria, located in the River Basin Santo Anastácio (tributary of the Paraná Basin), State of São Paulo, demonstrated a precolonial Guarani occupation. The pottery was dated by thermoluminescence, standing occupation around 450±60 years ago. This work has data concerning pottery indentified in Site Célia Maria, who also had three black spots, polished lytic and as possible combustion structure. From the techno-typological ceramics analysis, we demonstrated the gestures sequence to the production of technical artifacts, as well as graphically reconstitute the form of vessels, from fragments of edges. These reconstructions allowed inferring the shape and function of the ancient Guarani containers. The data added to the spatial characteristics of ceramics tributes of Site Célia Maria were compared with other available research that focused on the presence of the Guarani in the Basin of Paraná and Paranapanema.

A mucopolissacaridose tipo VI (MPS VI) ou Síndrome de Maroteaux-Lamy, é uma doença autossômica recessiva causada pela deficiência da enzima lisossomal Nacetilgalactosamina- 4-sulfatase (ARSB), a qual resulta no armazenamento lisossômico de dermatan sufato em vários tecidos e órgãos, dando origem a uma condição clínica de espectro variável, desde formas mais graves até formas mais atenuadas. O acúmulo de substrato não degradado causa um importante comprometimento ósseo, problemas respiratórios, baixa estatura e outros problemas, afetando os olhos, o coração e outros órgãos. Embora a síndrome de Maroteaux-Lamy não tenha uma incidência definida no Brasil, é reconhecido que, no nosso meio, é muito mais freqüente do que em outros países e regiões. Ela é particularmente freqüente no município de Monte Santo (Bahia), de aproximadamente 50.000 habitantes e onde já foram registrados 13 casos da doença. O diagnóstico é importante porque existe hoje um tratamento específico para a doença, a terapia de reposição enzimática (TRE), que vem mostrando bons resultados, especialmente quando iniciada em idade precoce. Descrevemos neste trabalho uma adaptação para microplacas da medida fluorimétrica da atividade de ARSB, e uma nova metodologia de análise molecular, ambas padronizados para sangue total impregnado em papel-filtro (STIPF). Essas técnicas foram desenvolvidas para incluir um teste de triagem neonatal para MPS VI, realizado nas amostras coletadas para o “teste do pezinho” nos neonatos do município de Monte Santo. Esses métodos permitem a detecção de pacientes com MPS VI e dos portadores da mutação específica que parece ser responsável pela alta incidência de MPS VI nessa localidade, uma vez que todos os pacientes lá diagnosticados apresentavam a mesma mutação (p.H178L) em homozigose. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em três etapas: na primeira foi realizada a padronização das técnicas em 100 amostras de STIPF; na segunda foi feito um teste-piloto com amostras de neonatos de Monte Santo, para avaliação das técnicas padronizadas e para o estudo de termoestabilidade em controles hígidos; na terceira foram analisadas amostras de STIPF de neonatos provenientes de Monte Santo pelos dois métodos (bioquímico e molecular). A padronização para realização da medida fluorimétrica da atividade enzimática de ARSB em microplacas indicou que o método é sensível, permitiu diferenciar os valores da população normal dos valores dos pacientes afetados e possibilitou a identificação segura de pacientes com MPS VI. Nas padronizações da análise molecular da mutação p.H178L em STIPF foi possível diferenciar os indivíduos normais, heterozigotos e homozigotos. Os resultados preliminares disponíveis indicam que o protocolo de triagem neonatal para MPS VI desenvolvido no presente trabalho poderá ser facilmente incorporado por laboratórios de referência, contribuindo para a detecção e tratamento precoce dos pacientes afetados por MPS VI. / Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI) or Maroteux-Lamy syndrome, is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme Nacetylgalactosamine- 4-sulfatase (ARSB), which results in lysosomal storage of dermatan sufate in various tissues and organs and leads to a variable clinical spectrum, including more severe and attenuated forms. The accumulation of undegraded substrate causes bone involvement, respiratory problems and short stature, among other signs and symptoms, affecting the eyes, heart and other organs. Although the Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome does not have a defined incidence in Brazil, it is recognized that in our environment it is much more frequent than in other countries and regions. It is particularly frequent in the municipality of Monte Santo (Bahia) approximately 50,000 inhabitants and where there have already been 13 cases of the disease. The diagnosis is important because today there is a specific treatment for the disease, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) which has shown good results, especially when started at an early age. We describe herein the standardization of the microplate fluorometric method for the ARSB test and a new methodology of molecular analysis, both adapted for dried blood spots (DBS) samples. These techniques were developed for inclusion of MPS VI in the newborn screening program that already tests the neonates of the city of Monte Santo, Bahia, Brasil for metabolic diseases. The methods were developed to detect patients with MPS VI and also for carriers, once the disease seems to have a high incidence (around 1:5.000) at this location. Also, all patients that have already been diagnosed in this city presented the same mutation (p.H178L) in homozygosis. The study was conducted in three stages: in the first was performed in 100 DBS samples an standardization of the techniques; in the second was done a pilot test with samples of newborns of Monte Santo, for the evaluation of standardized techniques and for the thermostability study in healthy controls; in the third were analyzed newborns samples from Monte Santo for both biochemical and molecular methods. Standardization on microplate for fluorimetric enzyme activity of the ARSB showed the assay sensitivity, differentiating values between normal and affected and allowing a reliable detection of patients with MPS VI. On the standardization for molecular analysis in DBS it was possible to differentiate the results for normal individuals, heterozygous and affected for the mutation p.H178L. The preliminary results available indicate that the protocol of neonatal screening for MPS VI developed in this work can be easily incorporated by reference laboratories, contributing to the detection and premature treatment of MPS VI affected patients.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-07-28T12:35:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Alessandra Santos Alencar.pdf: 4687289 bytes, checksum: 69f920d7a8dc062fcb65629d8888441f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-28T12:35:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alessandra Santos Alencar.pdf: 4687289 bytes, checksum: 69f920d7a8dc062fcb65629d8888441f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Researchers and veterinarians who work in swine production in Brazil have a good idea of existing health problems, especially in your own area of expertise. Due to the short production cycle and the clinical or subclinical character in many of the diseases that affect pigs, there was the possibility of using the slaughterhouse as an important source of epidemiological data on the incidence and prevalence of disease in flocks, making the monitoring of animals in slaughter houses one of the most important sources of information to obtain data to assess the health situation of production systems for pigs with the aim of obtaining statistics on incidence or prevalence of limiting diseases affecting pigs. Thus, this work was developed to analyze the association between the frequency of infection with helminths and coccidia and property characteristics, and evaluate lesions in organs of pigs in slaughterhouses of the metropolitan area of Recife and of the (“Zona da Mata”) of Pernambuco, Brazil. The work was done in three slaughterhouses of the inspection system state, located in the metropolitan area of Recife and in the (“Zona da Mata”) of Pernambuco state, from July 2008 to May 2009. A total of 715 pigs were analyzed, from eight industrial farms and three of subsistence. The count of eggs / oocysts in the feces was calculated and larval culture for diagnosis of infection by gastrointestinal parasites in fecal samples was performed. Inspection of the viscera for examination of lesions and collection of material for histopathological examination were carried out. A questionnaire was used to ascertain the situation of the farms. The positivity for helminths was 2.7%(12/447), predominantly Strongyloidea type eggs. The presence ofoocysts was detected in 6.5% (29/447),including Eimeria spp and Isospora suis. The gross lesions predominated in lung with 43.8% (313/715), followed by 4.7% (35/715) for liver and kidneys with 2.6% (19/715), with higher frequencies respectively for pneumonia, milk spots and hydronephrosis. Histopathologically, granulomatous pneumonia predominated; in the livers with milk spots it was observed sinusoidal congestion, granulomatous inflammatory foci, peri-granulomatous hepatitis, and eosinophilic infiltration in the interlobular spaces, and in kidney, chronic interstitial nephritis. There was a significant association (p <0.05) with the variables related to management of facilities, particularly sanitary aspects, both the rates of parasitism by helminths and coccidia as to the frequency of milk spots and lung lesions. / Os pesquisadores e veterinários que atuam na suinocultura brasileira possuem uma boa idéia dos problemas sanitários existentes, especialmente na sua própria região de atuação. Em função do curto ciclo de produção e do caráter clínico ou subclínico de muitas das enfermidades que acometem os suínos, a utilização do matadouro surgiu como importante fonte de dados epidemiológicos sobre a incidência e prevalência de doenças nos rebanhos, tornando-se a monitoria de animais em abatedouros uma das mais importantes fontes de informações para a obtenção de dados para avaliação da situação da saúde de sistemas de produção de suínos, com a finalidade de obter estatística sobre incidências ou prevalências de doenças limitantes que afetam os suínos. Desta forma, desenvolveu-se este trabalho com o objetivo de analisar a associação entre a frequência de infecção por helmintos e coccídios e características das propriedades, e avaliar as lesões em órgãos de suínos em abatedouros da Região Metropolitana de Recife e Zona da Mata do estado de Pernambuco, Brazil. O trabalho foi realizado em três abatedouros inscritos no sistema de inspeção estadual, localizados na Região Metropolitana de Recife e Zona da Mata do estado Pernambuco, no período de julho de 2008 a maio de 2009. Analisaram-se 715 suínos, oriundos de oito granjas tecnificadas e três de subsistência. Realizou-se a contagem de ovos/oocistos nas fezes e coprocultura para diagnóstico da infecção por parasitos gastrintestinais em amostras fecais coletadas na linha de inspeção, além da inspeção das vísceras para verificação de lesões e coleta de material para exame histopatológico. Um questionário investigativo foi utilizado para conhecer a situaçãodas granjas. A positividade para helmintos foi de 2,7% (12/447), predominando ovos tipo Strongyloidea. A presença de coccídios foi detectada em 6,5% (29/447), incluindo Eimeria spp e Isospora suis. Dentre os achados macroscópicos predominaram as de pulmão com 43,8% (313/715), seguidas de 4,7% (35/715) para fígado e rins com 2,6% (19/715), com frequências respectivamente maiores para pneumonia, manchas leitosas e hidronefrose. Histologicamente, predominaram as pneumonias granulomatosas; nos fígados com manchas leitosas foram observados congestão sinusoidal, focos inflamatórios granulomatosos, perihepatite granulomatosa, e infiltração eosinofílica nos espaços interlobulares. Nos rins, nefrite intersticial crônica. Observou-se associação significativa (p < 0,05) com as variáveis relacionadas ao manejo das instalações, particularmente os aspectos higiênicos, tanto para as taxas de parasitismo por helmintos e coccídios quanto para a frequências de manchas leitosas e lesões pulmonares

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:42:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:57:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 05031.pdf: 4962096 bytes, checksum: 39c12c06c0063abb20c1c82005ecef33 (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Hydrological modeling, like runoff modelling for flood prevention, is based on digital elevation models (DEMs). The fact that the DEMs do not represent existing road culverts can lead to considerable hydrological misinterpretations. In order to overcome this limitation, a GIS method was developed to automatically adjust the elevation model, hydrologically enforcing the DEM, so that the results of hydrological modeling accounts for flow through culverts. The hydro-enforced DEM showed to better represent the drainage network than the former DEM when compared with the river map. The topographic wetness index is the most commonly applied topographic index and a good indicator of soil moisture distribution. It has been integrated into many hydrological models and pollution risk indices as well as into the prediction of wetland distribution. Using the hydro-DEM from the previous step and the soil map in conjunction with the TWI, an improved TWI was achieved, namely a soil-topographic wetness index (STI). The linkages between specific soil types and TWI or STI values were analyzed. They revealed a clear linkage between STI values and soil type based on the soil transmissivity (R2=0.77). However, the TWI values showed low correlations to the soil types (R2=0.02). As a specific application, both TWI and STI were tested for the detection of wetlands. Wetlands are important ecosystems which act as buffer zones by filtering pollutants and slowing floodwater. Being able to identify their distribution is important in landscape planning and ecology. A wetland threshold value was determined for each index and their results where compared with the wetland map from the property map (assumed as ground truth) and with the potential wetland area. Finally, a visual validation was performed with the use of an aerial photography. The results showed that the STI performed slightly better than the TWI for the detection of wetlands, detecting 3% more wetlands. The impact of the soil map on the topographic wetness index was therefore determined as positive.

Surface brightness asymmetries are a very common feature of stars. Among other effects they cause a difference between the projected centre of mass and the photocentre. The evolution of those surface features makes this difference time-dependent. In some cases the displacement can be a non-negligible fraction of the star radius R, and if R>1 AU, of the parallax. We investigate the impact of surface brightness asymmetries on the Gaia astrometric solution and on the data processing flow. In particular we derive analytical expressions for the change in the derived astrometric parameters for a single-star, with respect to the parameters for a uniformly-bright star, as a function of the characteristics of the surface brightness asymmetries. These predictions are confirmed by the results of the processing of simulated astrometric Gaia data where a photocentre motion caused by surface brightness asymmetries has been added using a Gaussian Markovian model.<p>In the case of a red supergiant star, the average photocentre shift is about 0.1 AU. Such a photocentric noise translates in a 10% inaccuracy on the parallax (independently of the distance), which becomes larger than the statistical error on the parallax derived from the data reduction for stars that are up to about 4 kpc away. For the most nearby stars, we derive an inaccuracy on the parallax that can be 10 times its statistical error. Finally we estimate that up to about 4000 stars among red supergiants and bright giants may have astrometric parameters that are inaccurate at levels bigger than expected because of the surface brightness asymmetries. In the determination of this number, a crucial role is played by the Gaia observable magnitude range. The fact that Gaia will not observe stars brighter than 5.6 in the Gaia G band means that the closest stars will not be observed. Yet, the impact of the surface brightness asymmetries is proportional to their angular size, meaning that the stars whose astrometric accuracy would be most affected are not observed.<p>Various non-Gaussian spot models (as applicable in the case of magnetic spots) have been implemented and analytical predictions for the effects of such magnetic spots are computed for the most representative classes of magnetic stars.<p>Another effect of the presence of surface brightness asymmetries is their impact on Gaia data processing flow. The quality of the fit of the data is evaluated with the F2 parameter that is a transformation of χ2 such that it has a unit normal distribution when the model is adequate and it is independent of the number of measurements. If the goodness-of-fit F2 of the single-star solution is not good enough (F2>3), a chain of solution of growing complexity is tried until a satisfactory one (with F2<3) is obtained. If no good solution is found, a so-called stochastic solution is computed where a "cosmic" error is added to the data in order to obtain a single-star solution with F2=0. We show that the photocentre noise induces an increase in the goodness-of-fit parameter, causing this chain of solutions to be entered. Depending on the characteristics of the photocentre noise, a variable fraction of the stars in our simulations end up with a non-single-star solution. Yet, we show that these (orbital) solutions are not acceptable because non-significant or non-physical. Finally, an important fraction of stars is assigned a stochastic solution with a cosmic noise matching well the photocentric noise.<p><p>/<p><p>Les asymétries de brillance de surface sont une caractéristique commune des étoiles. Parmi d'autres effets, elles provoquent une différence entre la projection du centre de masse et le photocentre. L'évolution de ces structures de surface rend cette différence variable avec le temps. Dans certains cas, le déplacement du photocentre peut être une fraction non négligeable du rayon de l'étoile R et, si R>1 UA, de la parallaxe. Nous examinons l'impact des asymétries de brillance de surface sur la solution astrométrique de Gaia et sur le processus de traitement des données. En particulier nous dérivons des expressions analytiques pour le changement des paramètres astrométriques déerivées pour une étoile simple, par rapport aux paramètres pour une étoile uniformément lumineuse, en fonction des caractéristiques des asymétries de brillance de surface. Ces prévisions sont confirmées par les résultats de simulations du traitement des données astrométriques de Gaia, auxquelles des mouvements du photocentre causés par des asymétries de brillance de surface ont été ajoutés en utilisant un modèle gaussien markovien.<p><p>Dans le cas d'une étoile super-géante rouge, le décalage moyen du photocentre est d'environ 0.1 UA. Un bruit photocentrique de cette amplitude se traduit dans une imprécision de 10% sur la parallaxe (indépendamment de la distance), qui peut devenir plus grande que l'erreur statistique sur la parallaxe déerivée par la réduction des données, pour les étoiles plus proches d'environ 4 kpc. Pour les étoiles les plus proches, nous évaluons une imprécision sur la parallaxe qui peut être 10 fois leur erreur statistique. Finalement, nous estimons que jusqu'à environ 4000 étoiles parmi les super-géantes rouges et géantes brillantes peuvent avoir des paramètres astrométriques inexactes à des niveaux plus grands que prévu en raison des asymétries de brillance de surface. Dans la détermination de ce nombre, la gamme de magnitudes observables par Gaia joue un rôle crucial. Le fait que Gaia n'observera pas les étoiles plus brillantes que 5.6 mag (en bande Gaia) signifie que les étoiles les plus proches ne seront pas observées. Pourtant, l'impact des asymétries de brillance de surface est proportionnel à leur taille angulaire, ce qui signifie que les étoiles dont la précision astrométrique seraient la plus affecté ne seront pas observées.<p>Différents modèles de taches ont été réalisés et des prédictions analytiques pour les effets de ces taches magnétiques sont calculés pour les classes les plus représentatives des étoiles magnétiques. <p>Un autre effet de la présence des asymétries de brillance de surface est leur impact sur le traitement des données de Gaia. La qualité de l'ajustement des données est évaluée avec le paramètre F2 qui est une transformation de χ2 telle qu'il ait une distribution normale lorsque le modèle est adéquat. Si la qualité de l'ajustement F2 de la solution étoile-simple n'est pas acceptable (F2>3), une chaîne de solutions de complexité croissante est essayée jusqu'à ce qu'une solution satisfaisante (avec F2<3) soit obtenue. Si aucune solution satisfaisante n'est trouvée, une solution dite stochastique est calculée où une erreur "cosmique" est ajoutée aux données afin d'obtenir une solution étoile-simple avec F2=0. Nous montrons que le bruit du photocentre induit une augmentation de F2, ce qui provoque l'activation de cette chaîne de solutions. Selon les caractéristiques du bruit du photocentre, une solution étoile-non-simple est obtenue pour une fraction variable des étoiles dans nos simulations. Nous montrons que ces solutions (orbitales) ainsi obtenues ne sont pas acceptables car non significatives ou non-physiques. Enfin, une fraction importante d'étoiles se voient attribuer une solution stochastique avec un bruit cosmique correspondant au bruit photocentrique. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this study was to determine the intensity of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infection, as well as net ion fluxes (Na+, K+ and Cl-), in silver catfish juveniles exposed to different pHs (5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 for sixteen days), pH (5.0 and 7.0) and hardness (20, 60 and 120 mg CaCO3.L-1 for sixteen days) and the oxidative stress parameters in liver, gill and muscle of this species and submitted to different pH (5.0 and 7.0 for three days). Net Na+, K+, and Cl- fluxes were determined at different times, trophonts in the skin and gill were counted, and mortality was registered daily. After six days fish kept at pH 6.0, 7.0, 8.0 and 9.0-hardness 20 mg CaCO3.L-1 showed significantly higher cumulative mortality (100% after eight days) and number of trophonts on the skin and gill compared to pH 5.0-hardness 20 mg CaCO3.L-1. Infected silver catfish showed significantly higher Na+ and K+ effluxes in the first day, and there was a recovery (influx) after the second day compared to asymptomatic juveniles. Silver catfish juveniles infected with I.multifiliis and exposed to pHs 5.0 and 7.0 presented significantly higher TBARS levels in the liver and gills compared to asymptomatic juveniles. The activity of catalase in the liver of silver catfish juveniles infected and exposed to both pHs was significantly lower (1st and 3rd day) than in asymptomatic juveniles. The GST activity in the liver and gills of infected juveniles increased throughout all experimental period compared to asymptomatic juveniles. The muscle of infected juveniles maintained at pH 5.0 showed significantly lower TBARS levels at day three compared to asymptomatic juveniles. The CAT activity was significantly lower in the muscle of infected juveniles at pH 5.0 and 7.0 at all experimental days except day 1 at pH 7.0 compared to asymptomatic juveniles. The muscle of infected juveniles presented significantly lower GST activity in all experimental period at both pH 5.0 and 7.0 compared to asymptomatic juveniles. These results allowed us to conclude that infection by I. multifiliis is less severe in silver catfish maintained at pH 5.0-hardness 20 mg CaCO3.L-1. Increase of water hardness increases trophonts infection and impairs survival in silver catfish kept at pH 5.0, but the opposite is observed when juveniles are at pH 7.0. There was no clear evidence of a relationship between mortality and trophonts number in infected silver catfish with net ion fluxes. Infection with I. multifiliis induces liver and gill damage via lipid peroxidation products, but the same is not observed in the muscle. / O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a intensidade da infecção pelo Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, assim como o fluxo líquido de íons (Na+, K+ e Cl-), em juvenis de jundiá expostos a diferentes pHs (5,0; 6,0; 7,0; 8,0 e 9,0 por dezesseis dias), pH (5,0 e 7,0) e dureza (20, 60 e 120 mg CaCO3/L por dezesseis dias) e os parâmetros de estresse oxidativo no fígado, brânquias e músculo nesta espécie e submetida a diferentes pHs (5,0 e 7,0 por 3 dias). O fluxo dos íons Na+, K+ e Cl- foi determinado em diferentes tempos, o número de trofontes na pele e nas brânquias foi contado e a mortalidade foi registrada diariamente. Após seis dias os peixes submetidos aos pHs 6,0; 7,0; 8,0 e 9,0-dureza de 20 mg CaCO3/L apresentaram mortalidade cumulativa (100% após oito dias) e numero de trofontes na pele e nas brânquias significativamente maior que os mantidos em pH 5,0-dureza de 20 mg CaCO3/L. Jundiás infectados apresentaram efluxo de Na+ e K+ significativamente maior no primeiro dia, havendo uma recuperação (influxo) a partir do segundo dia em relação aos juvenis assintomáticos. Juvenis de jundiá infectados com I.multifiliis e expostos aos pHs 5,0 e 7,0 apresentaram significativo aumento dos níveis de TBARS no fígado e nas brânquias em relação aos juvenis assintomáticos. A atividade da catalase no fígado dos juvenis de jundiás infectados e expostos a ambos pHs foi significativamente maior e menor (1º e 3º dia), em relação aos juvenis assintomáticos. A atividade da GST no fígado e nas brânquias aumentou durante todo o período experimental em relação aos juvenis assintomáticos. O músculo dos juvenis infectados e mantidos em pH 5,0 apresentou significativa diminuição nos níveis de TBARS no terceiro dia comparado aos juvenis assintomáticos. A atividade da catalase foi significativamente menor no músculo dos juvenis infestados e submetidos ao pH 5,0 e 7,0 em todos os dias experimentais, exceto no primeiro dia em pH 7,0 quando comparada aos juvenis assintomáticos. O músculo dos juvenis infectados apresentou atividade da GST significativamente menor em todo o período experimental em ambos pH 5,0 e 7,0 quando comparados aos juvenis assintomáticos. Estes resultados nos permitem concluir que a infecção pelo I. multifiliis é menos severa em jundiás mantidos em pH 5,0-dureza de 20 mg CaCO3/L. O aumento da dureza da água aumenta a infecção pelos trofontes e afeta a sobrevivência dos jundiás mantidos em pH 5,0, mas o oposto é observado quando os juvenis estão no pH 7,0. Não houve uma evidência clara da relação entre a mortalidade e o número de trofontes nos juvenis de jundiá infectados com o fluxo líquido de íons. A infecção por I. multifiliis induz danos no fígado e brânquias, via produtos da peroxidação lipídica, o mesmo não ficando evidenciado no músculo.

No description available.

L'étude des variations de l'activité solaire et de ses effets sur les environnements climatiques reste une question ouverte, en dépit des nombreux efforts des chercheurs dans les différents domaines de la science. Par ailleurs, l'activité solaire est notamment un aspect important pour comprendre les relations Soleil-Terre et l'espace interplanétaire. Son étude nécessite différents types d'approches basées sur de nombreux modèles physiques. Le sujet de cette thèse est l'étude des influences possibles des perturbations planétaires sur l'activité solaire.Dans cette thèse, on a d'abord rappelé quelques connaissances générales sur les observations solaires, qui consistent à compter le nombre de taches solaires observées à la surface du Soleil. Les observations ont commencé au début du XVIIème siècle et se poursuivent actuellement. L'activité solaire est ainsi mesurée par le nombre de taches solaires. La physique solaire et les différentes approches pour expliquer les relations entre les planètes et le Soleil sont aussi brièvement évoquées.On a ensuite tenté d'étudier le comportement de l'activité solaire à court, moyen et long terme en utilisant l'analyse en fréquences pour déterminer les principales périodes solaires connues. L'analyse en fréquences permet ainsi de reconstruire une solution pour l'activité solaire, qui reproduit son évolution à long terme. On a vérifié la correspondance de cette solution avec les données d'activité solaire ainsi qu'avec les relevés géologiques de radioisotopes. Les minima et maxima de l'activité solaire reconstruite par l'analyse en fréquences sont aussi en bon accord avec les évènements géologiques connus. De nombreux travaux ont cherché à expliquer les influences directes ou partielles, extérieures (planètes,...) ou intérieures (dynamo,...) sur les variations de l'activité solaire. Dans ce travail, on a cherché à voir si une partie des variations observées de l'activité solaire pouvait être expliqué par la théorie des perturbations planétaires. Les possibles marées planétaires, qui influencent les variations du cycle solaire, sont également étudiées. On a ainsi mis au point un modèle dynamique plus réaliste pour décrire l'effet de marée exercé par les perturbations planétaires sur la déformation de la surface non sphérique du Soleil et qui peut moduler partiellement son activité. On s'intéresse uniquement aux effets dynamiques des planètes sur le Soleil et le modèle ne prend ainsi pas en compte leurs processus physiques internes. Le Soleil a été considéré comme un corps triaxial homogène et les planètes comme des points matériels.La variation des coefficients du potentiel induit par l'effet des marées solides a été calculée en utilisant les dernières éphémérides planétaires INPOP, qui sont transformées pour correspondre au repère de référence ici considéré. Le calcul des expressions semi-analytiques des coefficients de déformation du potentiel a été effectué. Ainsi, les estimations des effets des marées planétaires de chacune des planètes ainsi que l'effet total résultant ont été comparées aux observations de l'activité solaire et à l'évolution de l'activité solaire obtenue par l'analyse en fréquences. Enfin, la corrélation entre les déformations de la surface du Soleil et les variations de l'activité solaire est discutée. / The causes of solar variations and their impact on climatic environments have been andstill are the subject of large debate. The possible influence of planetary perturbations on thesolar cycles have also been recently the subject of multiples controverses. The goal of thepresent thesis is to provide some insight on this problem by a new computation of the planetaryperturbations on the Sun, at short, middle and and long time scales.At first, we describe our current understanding of the physical causes of the solar activityand their major observable manifestations, such as the sun spots records. We provide somehistorical background for the numerous records of solar activity proxies. We also review thedifferent approaches to explain the solar planetary relationships through an analysis of thepublished literature.The main purpose of the present work is to study the possible influence of the planetarygravitational perturbations on the solar cycles. In a first part, we analyse the short, middle andlong term solar activity behavior by using the quasiperiodic approximations provided by thefrequency map analysis method to determine the main periodicities of the solar cycles. Thisallows us to provide some reconstruction of the long timescale changes of solar activity variation.The reconstructed activity series are compared with the observed solar activity data and thelong term natural archives such as radioisotopes proxies. The reconstructed series still preservethe well recorded historical grand minima and maxima events and provide us some extendeddata for the study of the long timescale evolution of solar cycles.There has already been some attempts to explain the direct or partial influences of anexternal (e.g., the planets ) or an internal (e.g., its dynamo) effects on the solar changes. In thepresent work, we investigate the planetary tidal influence on solar cycle variations. We havedeveloped a realistic dynamical model for describing the tidal effect exerted by the perturbationof the planets of the Solar system on the deformation of the non-spherical Sun’s surface whichmay partially modulate its activity variations. The model is limited to the dynamical effects ofthe planets on the Sun and do not take account any physical interior process of the Sun. TheSun is considered as an homogeneous three axial non spherical body.The variations of the potential coefficients induced by the effects of body tides are com-puted, using the last INPOP planetary ephemerides and the long term solutions La2004. Thesemi-analytical expressions of the deformation coefficients of potential are derived. Thus, theestimations of the planetary tides effects of each planets and their combinations are comparedto the solar activity records and their reconstructed series. Hence, the correlations between thevariations of the deformation of Sun’s surface and its activity records are discussed.

Knowledge of protein hot spots and the ability to successfully predict them while using only primary protein structure has been a worldwide scientific goal for several decades. This thesis describes the importance of hot spots and sums up advances achieved in this field of study so far. Besides that we introduce hot spot prediction algorithm using only a primary protein structure, based primarily on signal processing techniques. To convert protein sequence to numerical signal we use the EIIP attribute, while further processing is carried out via means of S-transform. The algorithm achieves sensitivity of more than 60 %, positive predictive value exceeds 50 % and the main advantage over competitive algorithms is its simplicity and low computational requirements.