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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Detalhando a solução unidimensional do método OQA com função coeficiente de redução constante aplicado ao transporte escalar interfacial turbulento / Detailing the onedimensional solution of RSW\'s method considering a constant reduction function applied to the turbulent interfacial scalar transport

Gonçalves, Bruno Batista 14 March 2014 (has links)
A adequada quantificação do transporte interfacial de escalares em escoamentos turbulentos é de interesse prático para os processos industriais e para a gestão dos problemas ambientais. O fenômeno é matematicamente complexo devido ao uso de equações governantes estatísticas não lineares e não fechadas. Neste estudo, analisam-se detalhes do método de Ondas Quadradas Aleatórias (OQA), o qual fornece uma quantificação estatística que permite fechar as equações e obter um perfil normalizado da grandeza de interesse para a transferência unidimensional turbulenta de escalares, que, num caso idealizado, depende de apenas dois parâmetros adimensionais, A e k (neste caso, k representa um coeficiente de transferência e A depende da interação entre os fenômenos de transporte molecular e turbulento). Simulações numéricas foram realizadas no intuito de se verificar a influência das derivadas de ordem superior para a função normalizada de concentração. A sensibilidade do modelo e a análise de aspectos intrínsecos ao mesmo foram também realizadas. Importante análise das condições de contorno empregadas foi desenvolvida com a inserção de um contorno adicional, com base física, no seio líquido. Como os estudos iniciais tinham se concentrado em exemplos de transferência de massa, uma extensão para o caso de transporte de calor foi considerada. Os resultados obtidos reproduzem o comportamento dos dados experimentais observados na literatura. / The adequate quantification of interfacial scalar transport in turbulent flows is of practical interest for industrial processes and in environmental problems. The phenomenon is mathematically complex due to the use of unclosed nonlinear statistical equations. In this study, we analyze details of the method of Random Square Waves (RSW), which provides a statistical quantification that allows closing the set of equations and getting the normalized scalar profile of the one-dimensional turbulent scalar variable, which, in an idealized case, depends on only two nondimensional parameters, k and A (in this case, k represents a transfer coefficient and A depends on the interaction between the molecular and turbulent transports). Numerical simulations were performed in order to verify the influence of the higher order of derivatives over the normalized concentration function. The sensitivity of the model to the relevant parameters and the analysis of its intrinsic parameters were also performed. An important aspect is the analysis of the boundary conditions, for which an additional condition was proposed and employed in the bulk liquid (with based on physical grounds). Because the initial studies have focused on examples of mass transfer, an extension to the case of heat transport was here considered. The results reproduce the behavior of experimental data reported in the literature.
2

Biological models with a square wave driving force

Closson, Taunia Lydia Lynn, University of Lethbridge. Faculty of Arts and Science January 2002 (has links)
Systems that require a driving force of some kind are very common in physical and biological settings. Driving forces in a biological context are usually referred to as rhythms, pulses or clocks. Here we are interested in the effect of adding a square wave periodic driving force to a biological model. This is intended to model inputs from biological circuits with all-or-none or switch-like resposes. We study a model of cell division proposed by Novak and Tyson. Our switched input is intended to model the interaction of the mitotic oscillator with an ultradian clock. We thoroughly characterize the behaviour as a function of the durations of the active and inactive phases. We also study a model of vein formation in plant leaves proposed by Mitchison. Pulsed hormonal release greatly accelerates vein formation in this model. / x, 105 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 29 cm.
3

Detalhando a solução unidimensional do método OQA com função coeficiente de redução constante aplicado ao transporte escalar interfacial turbulento / Detailing the onedimensional solution of RSW\'s method considering a constant reduction function applied to the turbulent interfacial scalar transport

Bruno Batista Gonçalves 14 March 2014 (has links)
A adequada quantificação do transporte interfacial de escalares em escoamentos turbulentos é de interesse prático para os processos industriais e para a gestão dos problemas ambientais. O fenômeno é matematicamente complexo devido ao uso de equações governantes estatísticas não lineares e não fechadas. Neste estudo, analisam-se detalhes do método de Ondas Quadradas Aleatórias (OQA), o qual fornece uma quantificação estatística que permite fechar as equações e obter um perfil normalizado da grandeza de interesse para a transferência unidimensional turbulenta de escalares, que, num caso idealizado, depende de apenas dois parâmetros adimensionais, A e k (neste caso, k representa um coeficiente de transferência e A depende da interação entre os fenômenos de transporte molecular e turbulento). Simulações numéricas foram realizadas no intuito de se verificar a influência das derivadas de ordem superior para a função normalizada de concentração. A sensibilidade do modelo e a análise de aspectos intrínsecos ao mesmo foram também realizadas. Importante análise das condições de contorno empregadas foi desenvolvida com a inserção de um contorno adicional, com base física, no seio líquido. Como os estudos iniciais tinham se concentrado em exemplos de transferência de massa, uma extensão para o caso de transporte de calor foi considerada. Os resultados obtidos reproduzem o comportamento dos dados experimentais observados na literatura. / The adequate quantification of interfacial scalar transport in turbulent flows is of practical interest for industrial processes and in environmental problems. The phenomenon is mathematically complex due to the use of unclosed nonlinear statistical equations. In this study, we analyze details of the method of Random Square Waves (RSW), which provides a statistical quantification that allows closing the set of equations and getting the normalized scalar profile of the one-dimensional turbulent scalar variable, which, in an idealized case, depends on only two nondimensional parameters, k and A (in this case, k represents a transfer coefficient and A depends on the interaction between the molecular and turbulent transports). Numerical simulations were performed in order to verify the influence of the higher order of derivatives over the normalized concentration function. The sensitivity of the model to the relevant parameters and the analysis of its intrinsic parameters were also performed. An important aspect is the analysis of the boundary conditions, for which an additional condition was proposed and employed in the bulk liquid (with based on physical grounds). Because the initial studies have focused on examples of mass transfer, an extension to the case of heat transport was here considered. The results reproduce the behavior of experimental data reported in the literature.
4

Slow-fast oscillations of delayed feedback systems: theory and experiment / Oscillations de type lent-rapide dans des systèmes à retard: théorie et expérience

Weicker, Lionel 09 September 2014 (has links)
Dans ce travail, nous étudions deux types de problèmes à retard. Le premier traite des oscillateurs optoélectroniques (OOEs). Un OOE est un système bouclé permettant de délivrer une onde électromagnétique radio-fréquence de grande pureté spectrale et de faible bruit électronique. Le second problème traite du couplage retardé de neurones. Une nouvelle forme de synchronisation est observée où un régime oscillant est une alternative à un état stationnaire stable. Ces deux problèmes présentent des oscillations de type slow-fast. Une grande partie de ma thèse est dévouée à l’analyse de ces régimes. Etant donné qu’il s’agit d’équations nonlinéaires à retard, les techniques asymptotiques classiques ont dû être revues. En plus d’une étude théorique, des expériences ont été effectuées. Le travail sur les OOEs a été rendu possible grâce aux invitations respectives de L. Larger dans son laboratoire à l’Université de Franche-Comté et de D.J. Gauthier à Duke University. Le travail sur le couplage de neurones a bénéficié d’expériences réalisées par L. Keuninckx du groupe « Applied Physics » de la Vrije Universiteit Brussel.<p>Une contribution importante de cette thèse est à la fois l’analyse mathématique mais aussi l’observation expérimentale d’ondes carrées stables asymétriques présentant des longueurs de plateau différentes mais ayant la même période dans un OOE. Une bifurcation de Hopf primaire d’un état stationnaire est le mécanisme menant à ces régimes. Un deuxième phénomène qui a été à la fois observé pour l’OOE et pour les neurones couplés est la coexistence entre plusieurs ondes carrées ayant des périodes différentes. Pour l’OOE, ces oscillations peuvent être reliées à plusieurs bifurcations de Hopf primaires qui sont proches les unes des autres à cause du grand délai. Le mécanisme de stabilité est similaire à celui de "Eckhaus" pour les systèmes spatialement étendus. Pour le couplage de cellules excitables, nous avons étudié des équations couplées de type FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) linéaires par morceaux et obtenu des résultats analytiques. Nous montrons que le mécanisme menant à ces régimes périodiques correspond à un point limite d’un cycle-limite. La robustesse de ces régimes par rapport au bruit a ensuite été explorée expérimentalement en utilisant des circuits électroniques couplés et retardés. Ce système peut être modélisé mathématiquement par les mêmes équations de type FHN. Pour terminer, nous montrons que les équations pour l’OOE et le FHN possèdent des propriétés similaires. Ceci nous permet de généraliser nos principaux résultats à une plus grande variété d’équations différentielles à retard. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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