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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The effects of attention and stimulus onset asynchrony on the relationship between prepulse inhibition of the startle-eyeblink and prepulse-rating inhibition /

Parker, Stephen David. January 2002 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (B. Sc.(Hons.))--University of Queensland, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references.
2

Modulation von „Sustained fear“ durch transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation (tDCS) / Modulation of "sustained fear" by the use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)

Fröhlich, Sarah January 2016 (has links) (PDF)
Transkraniale Gleichstromstimulation (tDCS) stellt eine neue Therapieoption für Patienten mit neurologischen und psychiatrischen Erkrankungen dar. tDCS ist eine nichtinvasive Methode, mit der das Membranpotential von Nervenzellen verändert wird. Eine Depolarisation führt zu einer Erhöhung des Potentials, eine Hyperpolarisation bewirkt eine Senkung. Diesen neuromodulatorischen Effekt hat man sich in der vorliegenden Arbeit zunutze gemacht. Im Versuchsaufbau wurde die Modulation von „sustained fear“ durch tDCS getestet. Das angewandte Paradigma ist nach dem Prinzip des NPU-Tests von Grillon aufgebaut. Mithilfe von vorhersehbaren und unvorhersehbaren aversiven Reizen (menschlicher Schrei) ist eine Einschätzung von kurz- („phasic“) und langanhaltenden („sustained“) Angstreaktionen möglich. Der Startle Reflex wurde zur Erfassung dieses Angstzustands aufgezeichnet. Gesunde Probanden (n=74) erfuhren eine 20-minütige tDCS Stimulation mit einer Stromstärke von 1 mA bei einer Elektrodengröße von 35 cm². Es ergab sich somit eine Stromdichte von 0,0286 mA/cm². Es konnte ein signifikanter Effekt von tDCS auf „sustained fear“ nachgewiesen werden. Die neuromodulatorische Wirkung stellte sich bei anodaler Stimulation durch veränderte Startle Statistiken im Vergleich zur Sham Kontrollgruppe dar. „Phasic fear“ zeigte keine nachweisbare Wirkung der Gleichstromstimulation. Gegenstand der Arbeit war außerdem die Untersuchung des Paradigmas zur Analyse von „phasic“ und „sustained fear“ auf subjektiver und psychophysiologischer Ebene. Mithilfe von Startle Daten und dreier spezieller Fragebögen war dies möglich (STAI X1, PANAS, SAM). Die Startle Daten bewiesen eine Einflussnahme der Bedingungen (vorhersehbar, unvorhersehbar, neutral). Zudem war der Reflex davon abhängig, ob den Probanden eine Vorwarnung angezeigt wurde (ITI, Cue). Eine Vorankündigung der aversiven Reize bewirkte eine erhöhte Anspannung, weshalb die Startle Reaktion bei der vorhersehbaren Bedingung am stärksten ausfiel. Ohne Vorwarnung (ITI) war die durchschnittliche Reaktion auf einen unvorhersehbaren Schrei am größten. Nicht angekündigte Stimuli lösten eine starke Stressreaktion aus, woraufhin eine anhaltende Alarmbereitschaft bei den Probanden entstand. „Sustained fear“ ergab sich aus den unvorhersehbaren Bedingungen mit und ohne Warnhinweise (ITI U-Cue U). Nach subjektiver Einschätzung der Versuchsteilnehmer/-innen bestätigte der STAI X1 und der PANAS einen Anstieg der emotionalen Anspannung durch das Paradigma. Der psychologische Einfluss des Paradigmas spiegelte sich auch im Rating des SAM-Tests wider. Vor allem der Effekt vorhersehbarer und unvorhersehbarer Ereignisse ergab übereinstimmend signifikante Werte, analog zu den Startle Daten. Die statistische Auswertung zeigt Erfolg versprechende Ansätze in Bezug auf den Einfluss der Gleichstromstimulation auf das Angstverhalten. Durch den Versuchsaufbau einer plazebokontrollierten, randomisierten Doppelblindstudie kann von sehr verlässlichen Ergebnissen mit großer Aussagekraft ausgegangen werden. Die nachgewiesene tDCS Wirkung gilt es nun anhand weiterführender Studien genauer zu untersuchen. Variable Parameter wie Stromintensität, Stimulationsdauer, Elektrodengröße und -position, aber auch interindividuelle Aspekte wie Alter, Geschlecht oder genetische Unterschiede müssen in Vergleichsuntersuchungen möglicherweise mit einem größeren Probandenkollektiv überprüft werden. Darüber hinaus wurde die Studie zunächst an gesunden Probanden getestet. Für eine Anwendung von tDCS bei Angststörungen müssen gesondert Versuche durchgeführt werden. Die Daten liefern einen wichtigen Beitrag zur tDCS Forschung und haben weitreichende Bedeutung für die Entwicklung neuer Therapiemöglichkeiten im klinischen Alltag. / tDCS, a non-invasive method to modulate the activity of neuronal membrane, is often discussed as a promising tool in the therapy of mental disorders. Anodal Stimulation has an increasing effect on neurons, whereas cathodal has an inhibiting effect. Healthy volunteers (n=74) were tested in the NPU-test. Predictable and unpredictable aversive stimuli (a human scream) created short ("phasic") and long-lasting ("sustained") fear situations. The startle reaction was used to measure the evolving emotional state. With a current of 1 mA and electrodes the size of 35 cm² an electric field was generated for 20 minutes. In comparison to the sham-control group a significant effect of the anodal Stimulation was proved on sustained fear. Furthermore, the study approved the NPU-test as a tool to create and examine phasic and sustained fear. Several questionnaires also confirmed the effect of the paradigm. According to the subjective rating of the participants, the STAI X1, the PANAS and the SAM-test demonstrated an increasing arousal level and a higher emotional tension after finishing the paradigm. As a placebo-controlled, randomized double-blind trial, the experimental design indicates a great statistical power with promising results in the examination of the tDCS influence. Nevertheless further studies are necessary for the clinical use in psychological therapy.
3

Psychophysiological Reactivity to Self and Model Images in an Upward Social Comparison Manipulation

Tamez, Jeannine 2010 December 1900 (has links)
The current study examined affective reactivity to oneself in an upward socialcomparison manipulation using autonomic physiological responses. Study I was conducted to select images of thin and average size models used to elicit a social comparison process for Study II. For Study II, thirty-two female undergraduate students had their startle reflex and skin conductance responses recorded while viewing images of themselves presented adjacent to thin or average size models. Participants also viewed positive, negative, and neutral affect images to test our experimental manipulation of Peter Lang’s startle paradigm. Following the visual presentation, participants used the SAM scale to rate each image along the dimensions of valence, arousal, dominance, body satisfaction, and attractiveness. Analyses revealed that participants reacted to thin and average size models and self with similar levels of body image satisfaction, valence, and arousal, even though thin models were perceived as highly more attractive. Positive affect images were rated higher on valence and arousal among all the picture types. With regards to the psychophysiological data, there were differences in startle reactivity among the three model-to-self comparison images, with images of Thin-to-Self Comparison eliciting more of an inhibited startle response and Thin-to-Average Comparison images eliciting more of a potentiated startle response. In terms of arousal, positive affect images were perceived as more arousing among all the picture types. Contrary to what was expected, there were no significant differences in skin conductance responsiveness between the three model-to self comparison images. The results are discussed from a social-comparison perspective with regard to affective reactivity to body image. Future research directions are proposed.
4

Modulation of the startle reflex as a measure of cognitive bias in anxiety /

Aitken, Christopher John. January 2000 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Queensland, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references.
5

The effects of multiphasic prepulse stimuli on attentional modulation of prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle eyeblink response

Poje, Albert Buddy, Filion, Diane L. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of Psychology. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2007. / "A dissertation in psychology." Advisor: Diane L. Filion. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed July 16, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-118). Online version of the print edition.
6

Study of startle/panic responses due to auditory and haptic warnings in roadway lane departure

Muthumani, Anburaj. January 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (MS)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2010. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Robert J. Marley. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-88).
7

Identification facilitation from the attentional blink: a new paradigm for investigating the mechanisms that underlie repetition priming in word identification /

Howard, Samantha. January 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (B.A. (Hons.)) - University of Queensland, 2005. / Includes bibliography.
8

True or false? : associative priming in the attentional blink /

Jones, Stephanie. January 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (B.Psy.Sc.(Hons.)) - University of Queensland, 2006. / Includes bibliography.
9

Investigating the effect of meaning familiarity and ambiguity of words on the attentional blink /

Karnadewi, Fika. January 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (B.A.(Hons.)) - University of Queensland, 2006. / Includes bibliography.
10

Investigating the Role of the Primary Motor Cortex in the StartReact Effect Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Smith, Cora January 2017 (has links)
It is well-established that the presentation of a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS) simultaneous with the go-signal in a simple reaction time (RT) task results in significant RT reductions, while leaving movement kinematics essentially unaltered. While this phenomenon, termed the StartReact effect, has been extensively studied, cortical involvement in the neural mechanism underlying the RT-facilitation effects of a SAS remains widely debated. Applying sub-threshold TMS to motor areas results in increased cortical excitability and reductions in control RT. When this technique was used in a startle paradigm no RT benefits were seen, providing evidence that the cortex may not be involved in the StartReact effect; however, these results may also have been due to a floor effect of startle RT. It has been shown that RT in response to a SAS is significantly slower for complex movements, providing a possible method of distinguishing between these hypotheses. As such, the purpose of the experiments in this thesis was to determine if the application of sub-threshold TMS following a SAS when preparing to react with a complex movement would facilitate startle RT. If so, it would provide evidence for cortical involvement in the RT-facilitation effects of startle. The first experiment revealed that the task employed did not lead to an increase in RT in startle conditions, limiting the ability to make conclusions regarding the StartReact effect. In the second experiment the timing complexity of the task was increased, with the goal of increasing startle RT; however, startle RT was again not significantly slower for the complex movement than the simple movement. Furthermore, there was again no effect of TMS stimulation condition on startle RT. These results suggest that either the cortex does not play a role in the StartReact effect, or a floor effect of RT was reached in startle conditions; thus, alternative methods of investigating the neural mechanism underlying the RT-facilitation effects of startle are warranted.

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