Orientador: José Antonio Perrella Balestieri / Banca: Mauricio Araújo Zanardi / Banca: Mateus Ricardo Nogueira Vilanova / Banca: Rogério José da Silva / Banca: José Rui Camargo / Resumo: Atualmente, a grande preocupação relacionada ao meio ambiente e redução do uso de combustíveis fósseis levou a comunidade acadêmica/científica a se concentrar em novas tecnologias de conversão de energia que possam garantir sua produção nos níveis necessários ao atendimento das necessidades humanas, mas considerando também os meios para minimizar os impactos ambientais. Propõe-se estabelecer o estado da arte da estrutura de geração termelétrica, conceituando a estrutura tecnológica de ciclos térmicos no mundo, caracterizada em centrais termelétricas distribuída e centralizada. São precedidos estudos termodinâmicos em centrais termelétricas de diferentes configurações, nas escalas industrial, municipal e nacional. Para fins de avaliação do desempenho de uma central térmica, é apresentado o desenvolvimento de uma modelagem térmica, utilizando ciclos combinados com gaseificação integrada (IGCC) e suas variações, usando balanço de massa, balanço de energia e balanço de exergia. Na geração distribuída em nível industrial, foi realizada uma análise no setor de papel e celulose, mostra-se que seu subproduto, o licor negro, um passivo ambiental, será mais bem aproveitado se passar por um processo de gaseificação e antes da queima em ciclo combinado em um sistema de cogeração. Na geração distribuída em escala municipal, o estudo de uma configuração de planta piloto foi elaborado para operar em empreendimento vinculado a alguma forma às cidades. Para o projeto de uma instalação piloto... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Currently, the major concern related to the environment and reduction of fossil fuels has led the academic/scientific community to focus on new energy conversion technologies that can guarantee production levels necessary to meet human needs, but also that consider the means to minimize environmental impacts. In this work, it is proposed to establish the state of the art of thermoelectric generation structure, conceptualizing the technological structure of thermal cycles in the world, in the context of distributed and centralized thermal power plants, as well as their technological characteristics. Thermodynamic studies are performed in thermal power plants of different configurations, considering scales in industrial, municipal and national levels. For the purpose of evaluating the performance of a thermal power plant, it is presented the development of a thermal modeling for combined cycles with an integrated gasification (IGCC) and their variations, using mass, energy and exergy system balances. In distributed generation at the industrial level, an analysis in the paper and pulp sector was held. It is shown that its by-product, the black liquor, an environmental liability, would be better used if sent through a process of gasification before being burned in a combined cycle cogeneration system. In distributed generation at the municipal level, the study of a pilot plant configuration is designed to operate in an enterprise linked to some form to the cities. For the design ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Orientador: Celso Eduardo Tuna / Coorientador: José Luz Silveira / Banca: José Alexandre Matelli / Banca: Silvio Silvério da Silva / Resumo: A geração de energia elétrica em usinas termoelétricas de ciclo combinado tem se mostrado muito importante para o Brasil apesar de operar com custo maior do que a geração através de hidroelétricas. Neste trabalho, foram realizadas análises termoeconomica e ecológica, baseadas nos princípios da Termodinâmica (energia e exergia), aplicados em usina termoelétrica de ciclo combinado de 500 MW. Para este trabalho foram consideradas duas configurações para a planta: a primeira configuração é a padrão (sem considerar equipamento de redução de emissão de CO2), e a segunda que considera a implementação do processo de captura, armazenamento e compressão de CO2 (CAC). O principal objetivo do trabalho é estudar e comparara as diferenças nas eficiências termodinâmicas e ecológicas da planta (operando nas duas condições) e as alterações nos custos de produção de energia elétrica gerada, em vista da instalação do processo de CAC / Abstract: The Electric Power Generation in combined cycle power plants has been very important for Brazil despite having a higher cost than the generation through hydropower plants. In this work, there were performed thermeconomical and ecological analyzes, based on thermodynamic principles (energy and exergy) in a 500 MW combined cycle power plant. For this work there were considered two settings for this plant: first a standard configuration (without to consider equipments for CO2 emission reduction), and the second considering the implementation of a process of capture, storage and compression of carbon dioxide (CSC). The main objective of this analysis is to study and compare the differences in thermodynamic and ecological efficiencies (operating in both conditions) and the alterations in the electrical energy cost, in view of the installation of the CSC process / Mestre

No description available.

Thesis(M.S.)--Auburn University, 2006. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references.

M.Phil. / The aim of this study is to achieve a greater output by scrutinizing the present way of coordinating the efforts Qf Steam Industries in South Africa to achieve a sustainable industrial development by using energy source efficiently and effectively. Furthermore into the study we look at obstacles that prevents and those that leads to maximum utilization of energy management measures, and also highlights the effects of implementing cheap available energy source in South Africa...

M.S.

No description available.

No description available.

M.S.

The VPI plant has met the load situation of the 1935-1936 heating season with a small margin of capacity. Should it have been considered necessary, as a matter of policy, to carry reserve through this heating season, 20,751 pounds per hour of steam capacity would have been lacking. To meet the maximum possible hourly-load anticipated for the 1936- 1937 heating season, it would require an increase in the present capacity of the plant of 11 percent. Considering the carrying of ample reserve, an increase of 117 percent would be necessary. In that the load has reached and passed the most economical output from the standpoint of fuel consumption, forcing of present equipment will now involve economic losses that may be used to offset the costs of a new boiler installation. The load duration curve shown in Fig. 11 will be valuable in economic studies of this type. In conclusion, the authors suggest the possibility of using capacity now latent in the plant. The building of a storage place to make dry coal available tor No.4 boiler would release approximately 6,700 pounds per hour of latent steam capacity. Further gains could be made by forcing boilers 1, 2, and 3 to higher ratings with excess air during the peak hours, while the use of a higher grade bituminous coal during the heavy heating season would also show substantial gains in capacity. / Master of Science