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by Fung Siu-kwong. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-62). / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Independently distributed spheres with constant radius --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- The method of moment estimator of R --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2 --- Maximum likelihood estimator of R --- p.7 / Chapter 2.3 --- Mean squared errors of the estimators of R --- p.7 / Chapter 2.4 --- Confidence interval of R .。 --- p.14 / Chapter 3 --- Dependently distributed spheres with the constant radius --- p.17 / Chapter 3.1 --- Gibbs Sampler --- p.18 / Chapter 3.2 --- Model based on simulating spatial patterns --- p.20 / Chapter 3.3 --- Algorithm --- p.23 / Chapter 3.4 --- Explanation of the algorithm --- p.24 / Chapter 3.5 --- Posterior distribution of R --- p.28 / Chapter 3.6 --- The number of spheres is unknown --- p.30 / Chapter 3.7 --- Boundary Effect --- p.31 / Chapter 4 --- Simulation Study --- p.32 / Chapter 4.1 --- Determination of the convergence of the Gibbs sequence --- p.33 / Chapter 4.2 --- Comparison between Rbay and RadjMLE --- p.35 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- The number of spheres is known --- p.37 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- The number of sphere is unknown --- p.41 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Boundary effect --- p.45 / Chapter 5 --- Extension and Conclusion --- p.53 / Chapter 5.1 --- Extension on the simulation algorithm --- p.53 / Chapter 5.2 --- Extension to the case of varied radius --- p.56 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Modified Algorithm --- p.57 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- An artificial example --- p.58 / Bibliography --- p.61

This work is based upon a series of quantitative morphological studies of the parathyroid glands of Mongolian gerbils and rats. Standard stereological methods were used on light and electron microscopical levels. Subclassification of the chief cells based on the staining affinity and electron density of the cytoplasm was not correlated with contents (volume and surface densities) of organelles. Compared to fixation by immersion, fixation by perfusion caused a remarkable reduction in the number of light chief cells and atrophic cells, indicating that the occurrence of those kind of cells is dependent on factors of artifactual nature. The early response of the parathyroid gland to altered concentrations of extracellular calcium was studied in vitro. At six hours of "incubation, enlargement of the Golgi zone (Golgi complex and presecretory granules), but unaltered endoplasmic reticulum, was seen in glands incubated in low (0,5 mM) compared to those incubated in high (3,0 mM) calcium concentrations. Prolonged hypocalcemia induced in vivo by intraperitoneal injections of ethylenediaminetetraacetate and calcium deficient diet for eight days, did not give rise to any major quantitative morphological changes in the individual parathyroid cell, and furthermore, the quantitative morphology of the parathyroid cell was unchanged in experimentally induced hyperparathyroidism (calcium deficient diet for 16 weeks). The morphological data do not support the opinion of a functional cycle in the parathyroid chief cell, but suggest that the early response of this cell to altered extracellular calcium may be funtional activities associated with the Golgi zone. / <p>S. 1-48: sammanfattning, s. 49-170: 5 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

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published_or_final_version / Anatomy / Master / Master of Philosophy

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1983. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 242-247).

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine abnormality with multiple diagnostic criteria due to its heterogenic manifestations. One of the diagnostic criterion includes analysis of ultrasound images of ovaries for the detection of number, size, and distribution of follicles within the ovary. This involves manual tracing of follicles on the ultrasound images to determine the presence of a polycystic ovary (PCO). A novel method that automates PCO morphology detection is described. Our algorithm involves automatic segmentation of follicles from ultrasound images, quantifying the attributes of the segmented follicles using stereology, storing follicle attributes as feature vectors, and finally classification of the feature vector into two categories. The classification categories are PCO morphology present and PCO morphology absent. An automatic PCO diagnostic tool would save considerable time spent on manual tracing of follicles and measuring the length and width of every follicle. Our procedure was able to achieve classification accuracy of 92.86% using a linear discriminant classifier. Our classifier will improve the rapidity and accuracy of PCOS diagnosis, and reduce the chance of the severe health implications that can arise from delayed diagnosis.