Thesis (M.Eng.Sc.)--University of Western Australia, 2007.

Thesis (MAppSc) -- Auckland University of Technology, 2004. / Also held in print (186 leaves, col. maps, 30 cm.) in Wellesley Theses Collection. (T 628.21 KRP)

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-94). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (Master Diploma (Civil engineering)--Cape Technikon, Cape Town,1993 / Stormwater pollution is a major problem in many of the areas where it is present. Due to the changing nature in terms of quality and quantity of stormwater, which has its origin in many different places, it is difficult to control and identify the source of pollution. Some of the pollutants present in stormwater run-off include oxygen-demanding substances, suspended solids, trace metals, toxic organic compounds (eg. chlorinated hydrocarbons), nutrients, refuse, plastics and pathogenic bacteria and viruses. This thesis identifies and discusses the problems in the Lourensriver catchment area, and produce practical solutions to decrease the pollution. The report consists of four sections. Part I : Part 2 : Part 3 : Part 4 : Evaluation of the existing area and identification of the problem. Literamre study. Control of Stormwater ie. storing, treatment and disposal. Presencation of steps to be followed to rectify the problem. If the findings and recommendations are followed, it should make a positive contribution to the wellbeing of the catchment area. The findings of this report could also be applied to areas with similar problems. The following recommendations are made for the Lourens River: " Monitor and strict implementation of the Wateract (1936). " In the Lower zone, pollution can be diluted and flushed out by ways of the closure of Melkschloot. " Design of any new development must take place in such a manner so as the stormwater discharge after development will be of the same quality and quantity as before construction. " Creation of permeable surfaces in established areas. " Delay of rainwater flow out of all areas. " Construction of additional sedimentation and detention dams for the storing and treatment of stormWater. " Awareness programmes to inform the public and industry. " Implementation of preventative measurements. " Establishment of controlling body's to ensure co-ordination betvieen various institutions and local government. " Monitor of run-off from industrial and agricultural terrain and identifying of unlawful practices. Strict anti-littering and dumping actions. Placing of waste storage bins in residential and industrial areas. Permits for the usage of poisons and the monitor there off. Encouragement of cleaning up actions and groups. Encouragement and increase of street cleaning operations. Construction of effective catchment basins to remove sol ids before it ends up in the stormwater pipes. Regular cleaning of catchment basins. Regular flushing of stormwater pipes. Construction of marshlands. Construction of reedbeds.

Weekly collections were conducted from May to December, 2007 (153 trap nights, total) in Denton, Texas, in and around large storm drains and overpass drainage facilities in residential and non-residential areas, using Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps and gravid traps. A total of 1964 mosquitoes were collected, representing 24 species within 6 genera: Aedes, Anopheles, Culiseta, Culex, Psorophora, and Uranotaenia. Culex was the most abundant genus, representing 75% of all mosquitoes collected; Aedes was the second most abundant, representing 12 % of all mosquitoes collected. Cx. quinquefasciatus was the dominant species collected via gravid traps; Cx. (Melanoconion) species were the dominant species collected via CDC light traps. Data of gravid traps and light traps were analyzed separately using nonparametric correlation analysis, comparing environmental data and physical characteristics to total abundance of mosquitoes. There was no significant correlation found when comparing the three dominant species collected in light traps (unidentified Cx. (Melanoconion) sp, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and Ae. vexans) to environmental characteristics and physical characteristics. Analysis of Cx. quinquefasciatus collected in gravid traps indicated no significant correlation between abundance, environmental data, and physical characteristics. Linear regression models were analyzed to determine if either environmental variables or physical characteristics of the drainage system explained the species abundance collected; no individual variable showed an association of significance. Analysis of Cx. quinquefasciatus collected in storm drains via gravid traps determined temperature to be the most important variable in determining population abundance and explained 99% of the population variability.

No description available.

Interest in infiltration structures to control peak runoff in urban areas has increased in recent years. The work reported here is a study of infiltration trenches in unsaturated soil. The infiltration rates and the water content distributions in soil calculated by Fok's model and a finite-difference model are compared for both the Ida silt loam soil and the Webster clay loam soil considering the capillary zone effect due to groundwater table. A computer program for hydrologic routing in infiltration trenches has been developed with the infiltration rate calculated based on a 3-dimensional cumulative infiltration equation. The 3-D cumulative infiltration equation developed in this study is recommended for the analysis and practical design of infiltration trenches, since it is easy to use and inexpensive in computation. An infiltration trench with overflow has been examined allowing the overflow not to exceed an allowable discharge to downstream. It has been found that the surface infiltration due to overland flow does not significantly alter the infiltration rate from a trench. It has also been found that a long narrow trench is more effective for water to infiltrate into soil than a short wide trench for the same trench area( length x width ). The hydraulic conductivity of a soil is an important factor in the design of an infiltration trench, whereas the porosity and the effective capillary potential have minor effects. / M.S.

A software package has been developed for the IBM personal computer that aids engineers in storm sewer design and drafting. The most unique feature of this software package is its extensive use of the AutoCAD graphics system. The software package uses AutoCAD to enter storm sewer data. Drainage areas, sewer line locations, type of structures, and all other hydrologic parameters can be entered. The software also creates plan and profile drawings of the storm sewer system through AutoCAD. There are other unique features. The software can calculate the hydraulic grade line for the system. If the user enters street centerlines and widths, the program can automatically calculate the exact coordinates for drainage inlet structures located on streets. If contour lines are entered, the program will determine the surface profile above the sewer lines, calculate the approximate elevations of the structures, and check for minimum ground cover when designing the storm sewer system. Data can be entered two ways in AutoCAD. The first way is to simply enter the numeric values for the parameters. The second way is to enter the raw data and let the program calculate the parameters. An example of this would be, entering a drainage area polygon and letting the program calculate the drainage area, weighted runoff coefficient and the time of concentration. This software allows the engineer to design and later make changes in the configuration of a storm sewer system quickly and easily. / Master of Science

Many aspects of managing stormwater runoff were investigated for the Town of Blacksburg, Virginia, that would minimize the costly installation and environmentally damaging impacts of storm sewers as the town urbanizes. These aspects included the technical, political, financial, legal, and administrative approaches for controlling runoff at present levels, and for promoting the restoration of streams and preservation of natural drainage ways. The study used a computer model of the town's drainage system to assess the potential of technical approaches for runoff control and stream restoration. The financial and legal ramifications of a storm drainage user fee were explored in depth as a means to finance drainage improvements that rely on natural means for controlling runoff. Recommendations were presented on how to implement these technical, legal, and financial approaches through the town administration and citizen groups. / Master of Urban and Regional Planning

A statistical model has been developed to study the long-term behaviour of a stormwater detention unit. This unit stores a portion of the incoming runoff, corresponding to the empty space available in the unit, from which runoff is pumped to a treatment plant. The objective is to avoid, as much as possible, the discharge of untreated runoff to receiving bodies of water. The model was developed by considering the arrival of independent runoff events at the urban catchment. The process variables of event depth, duration, and interevent time were treated as independent, identically distributed random variables. A storage equation was formulated from which the probability of detention unit overflow was obtained. With this distribution it was possible to define the trap efficiency of the unit in terms of the long-term fraction of the runoff volume trapped by the storage unit. The trap efficiency expressions define storage/ treatment isoquants, which represent the combinations of storage capacity, treatment rate, and the sewer system runoff trapping capacity, which provide a fixed level of runoff control. A pollutant load model was also formulated, based on a first-order washoff model. This model was used to define pollutant control isoquants. Optimal values of the required storage capacity and treatment rate were obtained by treating the isoquants as production functions. Applying the results of production function theory, a cost minimization problem was solved for the value of the storage capacity and treatment rate, for prescribed runoff and pollutant trap efficiency levels. The results obtained with the statistical model compared well with results obtained from major simulation models. The statistical approach offers an advantage in that no simulation is required to obtain the isoquants, as the expressions are analytical, thus greatly simplifying the optimization process. Also, the evaluation of the storage unit pollutant trap efficiency can be easily evaluated for any type of pollutant whose washoff rate is known. / Ph. D.