This thesis presents a comparison of the ideas of two philosopher-psychologists, James and Bergson, and studies the theory and techniques in the three works of fiction that comprise "The Aviary Trio."

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 1973. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the World Wide Web.

This dissertation is composed of three parts of contributions. Systems of a fully penetrating pumping well in a confined aquifer near a fully penetrating stream with and without streambeds are discussed in Chapter II. In Chapter III, stream-aquifer systems with a fully penetrating pumping well in a confined aquifer between two parallel fully penetrating streams with and without streambeds are discussed. Stream depletion rates in Chapter II are solved using Laplace and Fourier transform methods, and stream depletion rates in Chapter III are solved using the potential method. Chapter II presents analytical solutions in the Laplace domain for general stream depletion rates caused by a pumping well and caused by stream stage fluctuations. For seasonal case, the stream stage is a function of time. For an individual flood wave, the stream stage is a function of time and distance along the stream. Semi-analytical solutions of seasonal stream depletion rates in time domain, using a cosine function to simulate stream stage fluctuations, are presented. The stream depletion rate caused by pumping is solved analytically, while the stream depletion rate caused by stream stage fluctuations is solved numerically. Various parameters affecting stream depletion rates, such as flood period and streambed, are analyzed. For a short-term case, the pumping rate is assumed to be constant, and a Gaussian function is used as an example of floodwaves. This part is solved using the same method as used in the seasonal case. Early time and late time approximations of the stream depletion rates are also presented. This approximation leads to an interesting finding that the stream depletion rate caused by seasonal stream stage fluctuations can be neglected if the stream aquifer system has a long time to equilibrate. In Chapter III, analytical stream depletion rates caused by a pumping well between two parallel streams with and without streambeds are presented. In this chapter, stream stage is assumed to be constant. Capture zone delineations were analyzed in the case without streambed. For the case with streambed, streambed conductance, which is an important factor controlling stream depletion, is analyzed. All solutions discussed in this dissertation can be used to predict stream depletion rates and to estimate parameters controlling stream depletion rates, which is crucial for water management. In addition to the stream depletion, the derived semi-analytical solutions in the Laplace-Fourier domain can also be used to predict drawdown in the aquifer near the stream. The derived solutions may also be used inversely to find the streambed and aquifer parameters if the stream stage fluctuation can be well described.

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH), a pediatric endocrine condition that results in early thyroid hormone (TH) insufficiency, is associated with visuospatial dysfunction suggestive of selective dorsal visual stream impairment. However, the ventral visual stream has not been adequately investigated in this population and so the effect of early TH insufficiency on development of the two streams had not been clearly established. This thesis used a comprehensive set of neuropsychological and experimental tests to assess higher-order visual functions in children and adolescents with CH compared with typically developing individuals. The results show that while CH is associated with poorer performance on tasks tapping into dorsal stream functions such as judgment of line orientation, spatial localization, three-dimensional block and two-dimensional mental construction, judgment of object location, and mental rotation, performance on typical ventral stream tasks such as identity discrimination, including abstract shapes, faces, and buildings, is relatively unimpaired. Thus this thesis establishes that the dorsal visual stream is selectively vulnerable to TH insufficiency. In addition to the investigating the nature of the higher-order visual problems in CH, this thesis explores the mechanism underlying these problems and assesses whether they result from organizational effects by early TH or activational effects by current TH levels. The data support the organizational mechanism and suggest that prenatal TH insufficiency results in irreversible changes to the dorsal visual stream due to the timing of dorsal stream development, which occurs earlier than ventral stream development and is thus more vulnerable to insult.

Experiments on the colonization of artificial substrates by stream benthos were conducted in upper Chingmei Stream, Taiwan. The artificial substrates were colonized by stream benthos for periods of 3, 6 12, 21, 30 and 42 days.The two experiments were designed for different purposes. Experiment I from December 15, 1990 to January 29, 1991 investigated the colonization patterns of stream benthos at two sites: a polluted site caused by coal mining activities (Site 1) and a recovery site further downstream of the polluted site (Site 2). Experiment II from March 14, 1991 to April 28, 1991 tested the effect of two different sizes of substrate (cobble and gravel) on the colonization patterns of stream benthos at Site 2. In Experiment I, the total number of individuals and taxa were significantly affected by exposure period of experimental substrates and sites which indicate the occurrence of succession and the detrimental effect of coal mining activities on the benthic community. At Site 1, only Caenis sp., Euphaea sp. and Chironomidae occurred on all sampling dates and were abundant. The other taxa may just continue to drift away from the site. The chironomid larvae were most abundant. They accounted for over 90% of the colonizing individuals from day 12 to day 42. At Site 2, Baetis spA and Chironomidae were most abundant. They accounted for over 80% during the experiment, except on day 21. The relative abundance shifted from Baetis sp.A to Chironomidae with an increase in colonization time. Association analysis was performed on the abundance of taxa pairs within the same functional feeding group at Site 2. The results suggest that filter-feeders and predators have concordant colonization patterns. The relationship between taxa and abundance at the two sites also was tested by lognormal distribution to determine the degree of equilibrium of the community. In Experiment II, the substratum types influenced only the total number of individuals colonizing baskets. The gravel substrate provides more surface area for stream benthos and supports more individuals. Baetis sp.A and chironomid larvae were abundant; they accounted for over 84% of the individuals from day 6 to 42 on both gravel and cobble. The chironomid larvae comprised 36% of the fauna on the gravel substrate and 35 - 79% of the fauna on the cobble substrate. The results of association analysis on the abundance of taxa pairs within the same functional feeding group showed that there were more taxa pairs with significant associations on cobble than on gravel. The negatively significant associations also occurred more on the cobble substrate. This indicates that biological interactions may be important in determining the development of community on the cobble substrate. Disturbance caused by floods influenced the colonization patterns, especially on the gravel substrate. It reset the artificial substrates back to earlier conditions. This study only suggests that competition may occur in the subtropical Taiwanese stream and further experimentation is needed to demonstrate whether competition occurs. / Graduation date: 1992

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH), a pediatric endocrine condition that results in early thyroid hormone (TH) insufficiency, is associated with visuospatial dysfunction suggestive of selective dorsal visual stream impairment. However, the ventral visual stream has not been adequately investigated in this population and so the effect of early TH insufficiency on development of the two streams had not been clearly established. This thesis used a comprehensive set of neuropsychological and experimental tests to assess higher-order visual functions in children and adolescents with CH compared with typically developing individuals. The results show that while CH is associated with poorer performance on tasks tapping into dorsal stream functions such as judgment of line orientation, spatial localization, three-dimensional block and two-dimensional mental construction, judgment of object location, and mental rotation, performance on typical ventral stream tasks such as identity discrimination, including abstract shapes, faces, and buildings, is relatively unimpaired. Thus this thesis establishes that the dorsal visual stream is selectively vulnerable to TH insufficiency. In addition to the investigating the nature of the higher-order visual problems in CH, this thesis explores the mechanism underlying these problems and assesses whether they result from organizational effects by early TH or activational effects by current TH levels. The data support the organizational mechanism and suggest that prenatal TH insufficiency results in irreversible changes to the dorsal visual stream due to the timing of dorsal stream development, which occurs earlier than ventral stream development and is thus more vulnerable to insult.

This dissertation is composed of three parts of contributions. Systems of a fully penetrating pumping well in a confined aquifer near a fully penetrating stream with and without streambeds are discussed in Chapter II. In Chapter III, stream-aquifer systems with a fully penetrating pumping well in a confined aquifer between two parallel fully penetrating streams with and without streambeds are discussed. Stream depletion rates in Chapter II are solved using Laplace and Fourier transform methods, and stream depletion rates in Chapter III are solved using the potential method. Chapter II presents analytical solutions in the Laplace domain for general stream depletion rates caused by a pumping well and caused by stream stage fluctuations. For seasonal case, the stream stage is a function of time. For an individual flood wave, the stream stage is a function of time and distance along the stream. Semi-analytical solutions of seasonal stream depletion rates in time domain, using a cosine function to simulate stream stage fluctuations, are presented. The stream depletion rate caused by pumping is solved analytically, while the stream depletion rate caused by stream stage fluctuations is solved numerically. Various parameters affecting stream depletion rates, such as flood period and streambed, are analyzed. For a short-term case, the pumping rate is assumed to be constant, and a Gaussian function is used as an example of floodwaves. This part is solved using the same method as used in the seasonal case. Early time and late time approximations of the stream depletion rates are also presented. This approximation leads to an interesting finding that the stream depletion rate caused by seasonal stream stage fluctuations can be neglected if the stream aquifer system has a long time to equilibrate. In Chapter III, analytical stream depletion rates caused by a pumping well between two parallel streams with and without streambeds are presented. In this chapter, stream stage is assumed to be constant. Capture zone delineations were analyzed in the case without streambed. For the case with streambed, streambed conductance, which is an important factor controlling stream depletion, is analyzed. All solutions discussed in this dissertation can be used to predict stream depletion rates and to estimate parameters controlling stream depletion rates, which is crucial for water management. In addition to the stream depletion, the derived semi-analytical solutions in the Laplace-Fourier domain can also be used to predict drawdown in the aquifer near the stream. The derived solutions may also be used inversely to find the streambed and aquifer parameters if the stream stage fluctuation can be well described.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 186-211).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 353-370).

Thesis (M.S.) in Ecology and Environmental Science--University of Maine, 2001. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-97).