This paper presents a parametric study of the stresses in a matrix near a cylindrical inclusion. The Texas Grain Analysis Program (TEXGAP), a finite element approach, is used to model the problem. Eight different models are investigated which establish the stress effects of varying interlayer thickness, varying modulus of elasticity of inclusions and interlayers, and element size. The results, presented as plots of axial stresses, show a definite lowering of the stress in the area of inclusion termination as the interlayer thickness is increased from zero. A further stress decrease is noted with the addition of some inclusion elasticity. Similarly, the stresses also decrease as the interlayer becomes more elastic.

Several experimental methods are examined for stress concentration factor determination. Tests are performed on a chosen 2-D specimen using strain gages, brittle coating, brittle specimen failure, photoelasticity, and Moire interferometry. Results are compared to each other and to finite element analysis performed on the same geometry. Strain gaging and photoelasticity were chosen as the best methods for stress concentration factor determination. / Master of Science

Biaxial stress fatigue data is carefully examined in order to determine how much foundation exists for a rational approach to classical stress-based fatigue limit analysis involving biaxial stress components. A review is given of the methods presently in vogue, and new methods are suggested for obtaining equivalent mean and equivalent alternating stresses. Some groundwork is laid for the consideration of stress gradient influence on fatigue behavior. There are also some observations concerning the Distortional Energy and Tresca criteria and how they are incorporated in fatigue design procedures. The work is restricted to cases in which the alternating principal stress axes have fixed orientation. / Ph. D.

[pt] A maioria dos componentes estruturais possui entalhes ou detalhes geométricos de transição, tais como furos e ombros, que são necessários para montar e/ou para operá-los. Estes entalhes aumentam localmente as tensões nominais que atuariam em sua localização, caso eles não existissem. Efeitos da concentração de tensão são importantes em muitos mecanismos de falha, como por exemplo, na iniciação de trincas por fadiga. No entanto, os tradicionais raios circulares, usados na maioria dos elementos estruturais para aliviar os efeitos da concentração de tensão, não são os mais adequados para minimizá-los. Elementos estruturais naturais, tais como galhos de árvores, depois de milhões de anos de evolução aprenderam a usar raio de curvatura variável em vez do raio constante. Mas apesar deste problema ter sido reconhecido há muito tempo, raios variáveis ainda não são muito usados em projeto mecânico. A prática usual é especificar entalhes com os maiores raios possíveis, uma vez que eles podem ser facilmente fabricados em máquinas-ferramentas tradicionais. Entretanto, entalhes de raios variáveis corretamente especificados podem ter fatores de concentração de tensão muito mais baixos do que aqueles obtidos por raios constantes. Logo, eles podem ser uma boa opção para aumentar a vida à fadiga, sem afetar significativamente as dimensões globais e o peso dos componentes estruturais. Além disso, hoje em dia eles podem ser facilmente fabricados com precisão, devido à disponibilidade de máquinasferramentas CNC. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo quantificar a melhoria da concentração de tensão que pode ser obtidas através de receitas tradicionais de raios variáveis, e apresenta uma rotina numérica desenvolvida em ANSYS APDL para otimizar geometria de entalhes tais como ombro de placas submetidas a tensão ou flexão, placa com furo submetido a um campo biaxial de tensões e corpos de prova de fadiga da ASTM. / [en] Most structural components have notches, or geometric transition details such as holes and corners which are required to assemble and/or to operate them. These notches locally increase the nominal stresses that would act in their location, if they were not there. Stress concentration effects are very important in many failure mechanisms, such as fatigue crack initiation. However, the usual constant radius notch tip roots, used in most structural members to alleviate their stress concentration effects, do not minimize them. In fact, natural structural members, such as tree branches, after many million years of evolution have learned to use variable tip radii instead of the fixed radius typical of engineering notches. This problem has been recognized for a long time, but variable radii notches optimized to minimize their deleterious influence on fatigue strength still are not widely used in mechanical design. The usual practice is to specify notches with as large as possible constant radius roots, since they can be easily fabricated in traditional machine tools. However, notches with properly specified variable radius can have much lower stress concentration factors than those obtainable by fixed notch root radii. Therefore, such improved notches can be a good design option to augment fatigue lives without significantly affecting structural components global dimensions and weight. Moreover, these improved notches are certainly more useful than ever, as nowadays they can be manufactured in many structural components, due to the wide availability of CNC machine tools. This dissertation aims to quantify the stress concentration improvements achievable by traditional variable radii notches receipts, and presents a numerical routine, developed in ANSYS APDL to optimize notch shapes of mechanical components such as shoulders in plates subjected to tension or bending, plates with a hole subjected to a biaxial stress field, and standard ASTM fatigue test specimens.

This subject mainly uses Aluminum sheet metal material as the research object which is used in Volvo XC90 door, the elastic plasticity deformation within the different material angles and notch shape investigated with MTS tensile test equipment under uniaxial tension. The local strain curve studied by using DIC method to obtain the conventional physical quantity. Combining ABAQUS to analyze the distribution of stress in elastic and plastic regions, also use MATLAB to combine various parameters, and finally analyze the desired experimental results to find a relatively stable notch shape based on the yield curve and stress concentration factor.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1982. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Bibliography: leaves 156-163. / by Chun Woon Lau. / Ph.D.

Abstract not available

Abstract not available

The objective of this project was to evaluate methods to remediate a wood I-joist with a single, circular hole in the web while leaving utilities in place. The methods were experimentally evaluated with a full-scale bending test using four equally spaced point loads. There were three depths of joists with varying flange widths and two span lengths (4.88 m & 2.44 m). Failure modes for the long span joists without holes were in the flanges in either tension, compression or lateral buckling; but once a hole was introduced the majority were classified as shear failures. Effectiveness of the remediation was evaluated based on three criteria: strength, stiffness, and ease of installation/cost. The OSB collar patch was effective for 8 out of the 12 series tested. A maximum reduction of load from a joist with no hole to one with a hole was 49% for the long span and 58% for the short span. The OSB collar was not as effective in returning stiffness to the joists, but was easier to install and less expensive than the LSL patch. / Graduation date: 2013

Thesis--Universität Paderborn. / Includes bibliographical references.