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The focus of this study was to determine what stressors were experienced by junior high age students (N = 145) and what relationship there was between those stressors and self-esteem. A modified Youth Adaptation Rating Scale (YARS) was utilized to identify the stressors. The Index of Self-Esteem (ISE) was used to measure self-esteem. Among the findings were: a moderate though significant negative correlation between the number of stressors experienced and the adolescent's self-esteem, fifteen of the fifty-five stressors were significantly related to self-esteem, and nine of the stressors were associated with gender.

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published_or_final_version / Psychiatry / Master / Master of Philosophy

This study empirically examined physiological, social, and emotional variables in order to extend the understanding of the vulnerability-stress interaction in relation to adolescent problem gambling behaviour. Specifically, the relationship between coping styles, life stress, depressive symptomatology, dissociative states, drug and alcohol use, and youth gambling problems were investigated from the framework of Jacobs' General Theory of Addictions . The current study also examined several potential protective factors (socioeconomic status, social support, and adaptive coping styles) that are believed to buffer against possible negative outcomes associated with youth gambling behaviour. Students consisted of 2,156 students in grades 7 to 12 (ages 11 to 19) recruited from various elementary and high schools in Ontario, Canada. Participants completed a questionnaire regarding gambling activities, social support, dissociation, drug and alcohol use (GAQ), gambling severity (DSM-IV-MR-J), arousal (AISS), stressful life events (APES), depressive symptomatology (RADS), and coping styles (CISS). Socioeconomic status was based on parental level of education and occupation. With respect to gambling severity as assessed by the DSM-IV-MR-J gambling screen, 2.7% of adolescents were found to be probable pathological gamblers, and 6.6% at-risk gamblers. Problem gamblers demonstrated significantly higher scores on measures of arousal, dissociation, and drug and alcohol use. Emotionally, they demonstrated increased problems related to depression, suicide ideation and attempts, and emotion-focused coping. This study expanded on Jacobs' General Theory of Addictions by investigating several protective factors thought to mediate between different types of life stressors and potential gambling problems. This study also sought to identify a set of predictor variables that would increase risk for youth gambling difficulties, including intensity seeking behaviour,

The purpose of this study was to examine to perceptions of early adolescent girls with regards to friendships, peer relations and stress. Ten early adolescent girls (aged 12-13 years) were interviewed using a semi-structured qualitative format. Findings report that subjects felt a sense of belonging in friendships, as well as experiencing exclusion from friends. In summary, the participants reported that they do experience stress and that it is friends, boys and parents that act as the main stressors in their life. A number of strengths were reported, including friendship as protective factor, empathy and optimism. The Positive Youth Development Framework is identified and implications for future research and social work practice are discussed.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on November 26, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Education, March 1999. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.