Tang, Suk Yan Amy. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [207]-[227]). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS / ABSTRACTS / TABLE OF CONTENTS / "LIST OF APPENDIX, TABLES & FIGURES" / Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Cerebrovascular disease --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Ischemic Stroke --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Hemorrhagic Stroke --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Laboratory diagnosis --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.1.1 --- Normal Brain --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.1.2 --- Intracranial Large Artery Stenosis --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Asymptomatic Intracranial Stenosis --- p.6 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1 --- Global Stroke Facts --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- Stroke Studies --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Risk profile of stroke --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Stroke epidemiological study --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Incidence --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Mortality --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- Increased stroke rates with increased age --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.2.4 --- Associated disease in stroke subjects --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Stroke risk factors --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3 --- Stroke Impact --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Stroke patients --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Medical burden --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Socioeconomic burden --- p.16 / Chapter 2.4 --- Stroke Prevention --- p.17 / Chapter 2.5 --- Stroke Facts in Hong Kong --- p.19 / Chapter 2.6 --- Stroke Facts in China --- p.21 / Chapter 2.7 --- Asymptomatic Intracranial Stenosis in Asian Subjects --- p.22 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- Asymptomatic individuals --- p.22 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- Intracranial occlusive disease --- p.23 / Chapter 2.8 --- Transcranial Doppler Sonography --- p.25 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- AIM & OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH --- p.30 / Chapter 3.1 --- Aim of the research --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2 --- Objectives of this research --- p.30 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR --- "CLINIC-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL SCREENING IN AN URBAN CITY 226}0ؤ HONG KONG, THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA" --- p.31 / Chapter 4.1 --- Background & Purpose --- p.31 / Chapter 4.2 --- Methods --- p.34 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Defining the population --- p.34 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Procedures --- p.36 / Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- Standardized TCD Report Form --- p.39 / Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- Transcranial Doppler Screening --- p.39 / Chapter 4.2.2.3 --- Data collected --- p.40 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Defining the Risk Factors --- p.43 / Chapter 4.3 --- Statistical Analyses --- p.45 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Research Design --- p.46 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Descriptive Summary --- p.46 / Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- Cross-tabulated between Gender --- p.46 / Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- Cross-tabulated between Normal & Abnormal MCA status --- p.47 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Measures for Association --- p.48 / Chapter 4.3.3.1 --- Univariate analysis --- p.48 / Chapter 4.3.3.2 --- Multivariate analysis --- p.48 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Modeling the Risks --- p.50 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- nfluence of the number of associated risk factors on the MCA status --- p.50 / Chapter 4.4 --- Result --- p.51 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Baseline characteristics of all screened subjects by Gender --- p.51 / Chapter 4.4.1.1 --- Age by Gender --- p.53 / Chapter 4.4.1.2 --- "Medical History of HT, DM, Hyperlipidemia, IHD, Retinopathy and Albuminuria by Gender" --- p.55 / Chapter 4.4.1.3 --- Social habit in Smoking by Gender --- p.56 / Chapter 4.4.1.4 --- Body Mass Index and Waist-to-Hip Ratio by Gender --- p.57 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Diseased Middle Cerebral Artery --- p.61 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Characteristics between subjects with Normal TCD result and Abnormal TCD result in the MCA status --- p.62 / Chapter 4.4.3.1 --- Age --- p.64 / Chapter 4.4.3.2 --- Gender --- p.67 / Chapter 4.4.3.3 --- "Medical History of HT, DM, Hyperlipidemia, IHD, Retinopathy and Albuminuria" --- p.67 / Chapter 4.4.3.4 --- Social habit in cigarette smoking --- p.68 / Chapter 4.4.3.5 --- Body Mass Index and Waist-to-Hip Ratio --- p.71 / Chapter 4.4.3.6 --- "Other Measurements - on Blood Pressure, Fasting Plasma Glucose, HbAlc, Lipid profiles and Fibrinogen" --- p.79 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Unadjusted Odds Ratio --- p.84 / Chapter 4.4.4.1 --- By contingency table method --- p.84 / Chapter 4.4.4.2 --- By logistic regression model --- p.86 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Adjusted Odds Ratio --- p.92 / Chapter 4.4.5.1 --- Entering all explanatory variables: --- p.92 / Chapter 4.4.5.2 --- Using Forward and Backward Stepwise methods with the probability for entry of 0.05 and probability for removal of 0.10: --- p.95 / Chapter 4.4.5.3 --- Applying the Model-Building Strategy: --- p.100 / Chapter 4.4.6 --- Comparing the final fitted multiple logistic regression models made by the three approaches ： --- p.103 / Chapter 4.4.7 --- Probability and Odds derived from the logistic regression model --- p.110 / Chapter 4.4.8 --- Relationship between the diseased MCA and the number of significant risk indicators that the subjects associated with..… --- p.112 / Chapter 4.4.8.1 --- Logistic regression analysis on number of risk indicators associated with the MCA status --- p.115 / Chapter 4.5 --- Discussion --- p.118 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Research Design --- p.118 / Chapter 4.5.1.1 --- Advantage --- p.118 / Chapter 4.5.1.2 --- Disadvantage --- p.118 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Sampling --- p.119 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- Data collected and Outcome variable classified --- p.119 / Chapter 4.5.3.1 --- Medical Record - Patients Characteristics --- p.119 / Chapter 4.5.3.2 --- Transcranial Doppler - Middle Cerebral Artery status --- p.120 / Chapter 4.5.4 --- Statistical Analyses --- p.121 / Chapter 4.5.4.1 --- Odds Ratio --- p.121 / Chapter 4.5.4.2 --- Logistic Regression Model --- p.122 / Chapter 4.5.4.3 --- Sources of Error --- p.123 / Chapter 4.5.5 --- Result --- p.125 / Chapter 4.5.5.1 --- Prevalence --- p.125 / Chapter 4.5.5.2 --- Risk indicators --- p.126 / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE --- "POPULATION-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY IN A RURAL VILLAGE OF HENAN, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA" --- p.134 / Chapter 5.1 --- Background & Purpose --- p.134 / Chapter 5.2 --- Methods --- p.135 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Defining the Population --- p.135 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Procedures --- p.135 / Chapter 5.2.2.1 --- Standardized Screening Form --- p.136 / Chapter 5.2.2.2 --- Transcranial Doppler Examination --- p.137 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Defining the Risk Factors --- p.137 / Chapter 5.3 --- Statistical Analyses --- p.140 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Research Design --- p.141 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Descriptive Summary --- p.141 / Chapter 5.3.2.1 --- Cross-tabulated between Gender --- p.141 / Chapter 5.3.2.2 --- Cross-tabulated between With & Without intracranial large artery stenosis --- p.142 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Measures for Association --- p.143 / Chapter 5.3.3.1 --- Univariate analysis --- p.143 / Chapter 5.3.3.2 --- Multivariate analysis --- p.143 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Modeling the Risks --- p.144 / Chapter 5.3.5 --- Influence of the number of associated risk factors on the prevalence of intracranial large artery stenosis --- p.144 / Chapter 5.4 --- Result --- p.145 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Baseline characteristics of all examined villagers by Gender --- p.145 / Chapter 5.4.1.1 --- Age by Gender --- p.147 / Chapter 5.4.1.2 --- "Medical History of HT, DM and Heart disease by Gender" --- p.149 / Chapter 5.4.1.3 --- Social habit in Cigarette smoking and Alcoholic drinking by Gender --- p.149 / Chapter 5.4.1.4 --- "Family History of HT, DM, Stroke and Heart disease by Gender" --- p.149 / Chapter 5.4.1.5 --- Body Mass Index and Waist-to-Hip Ratio by Gender --- p.150 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Distribution of the Diseased intracranial artery --- p.154 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- Characteristics between subjects with and without intracranial large artery stenosis --- p.155 / Chapter 5.4.3.1 --- Age --- p.157 / Chapter 5.4.3.2 --- Gender --- p.158 / Chapter 5.4.3.3 --- "Medical History of HT, DM and Heart disease" --- p.158 / Chapter 5.4.3.4 --- Social habit in cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking --- p.158 / Chapter 5.4.3.5 --- "Family History of HT, DM, Stroke and Heart Disease" --- p.159 / Chapter 5.4.3.6 --- Body Mass Index and Waist-to-Hip Ratio --- p.160 / Chapter 5.4.3.7 --- Other Measurements - on BP and Urine Glucose --- p.163 / Chapter 5.4.4 --- Unadjusted Odds Ratio --- p.165 / Chapter 5.4.4.1 --- By contingency table method --- p.165 / Chapter 5.4.4.2 --- By logistic regression model --- p.166 / Chapter 5.4.5 --- Adjusted Odds Ratio --- p.172 / Chapter 5.4.5.1 --- Entering all explanatory variables: --- p.172 / Chapter 5.4.5.2 --- Using the Stepwise methods available with the probability for entry is 0.05 and 0.10 for removal: --- p.175 / Chapter 5.4.5.3 --- Applying the Model-Building Strategy: --- p.180 / Chapter 5.4.6 --- Comparing the final multiple logistic regression models by the three approaches： --- p.182 / Chapter 5.4.7 --- Probability and Odds derived from the logistic regression model --- p.189 / Chapter 5.4.8 --- Relationship between the transcranial Doppler result on Intracranial large artery and the number of significant risk indicators that the subjects associated with --- p.190 / Chapter 5.4.8.1 --- Logistic Regression Model --- p.192 / Chapter 5.5 --- Discussion --- p.196 / Chapter 5.5.1 --- Research Design --- p.196 / Chapter 5.5.1.1 --- Advantage --- p.196 / Chapter 5.5.1.2 --- Disadvantage --- p.196 / Chapter 5.5.2 --- Sampling --- p.197 / Chapter 5.5.3 --- Data collected and the Outcome variable classified --- p.197 / Chapter 5.5.3.1 --- Self-Reported - Subjects Characteristics --- p.197 / Chapter 5.5.3.2 --- Transcranial Doppler - Intracranial Large Artery status --- p.198 / Chapter 5.5.4 --- Statistical Methods --- p.199 / Chapter 5.5.4.1 --- Odds Ratio --- p.199 / Chapter 5.5.4.2 --- Logistic Regression --- p.199 / Chapter 5.5.4.3 --- Sources of Error --- p.199 / Chapter 5.5.5 --- Result --- p.200 / Chapter 5.5.5.1 --- Prevalence --- p.200 / Chapter 5.5.5.2 --- Risk Indicators --- p.201 / Chapter CHAPTER SIX --- CONCLUSION --- p.204 / Chapter 6.1 --- The Clinic-based study of diseased middle cerebral artery among asymptomatic hong kong chinese --- p.204 / Chapter 6.2 --- The Population-base study of intracranial large artery stenosis among mid-aged & above chinese in rural china --- p.205 / REFERENCES / APPENDIX / Appendix I Neuroimaging - Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography / Appendix II Statistical Methods / "Appendix III (a) Standardized TCD report form used in PWH, Hong Kong (b) Standardized Screening Form used In Yuzhou, China" / Appendix IV The ICD 9th Revision - Disease of the Circulatory System / "Appendix V Prospective Hospital-Based study in Asia, AASAP (a) Standardized Data Collection From used in AASAP" / Appendix VI Contributed in published papers