A computação orientada a serviços propõe o desenvolvimento de software por meio da composição de serviços com os objetivos de aumentar o reúso de software e facilitar a criação de aplicações dinâmicas, flexíveis e com baixo acoplamento. O uso de serviços no desenvolvimento de software só é possível se os desenvolvedores de aplicações (integradores) confiarem na qualidade dos serviços oferecidos por terceiros. Uma forma de aumentar a confiança sobre serviços adquirido de terceiros é a realização de testes. Entretanto, o teste de serviços é difícil porque os testadores ficam limitados a usar técnicas de teste baseadas em especificação por causa da indisponibilidade do código fonte. Nesse contexto, os testadores não podem usufruir dos benefícios de combiná-las com técnicas baseadas em implementação, como a técnica estrutural, por exemplo. Uma abordagem para viabilizar o uso da técnica de teste estrutural no contexto de aplicações baseadas em serviços sem expor o código fonte dos serviços é apresentada. Ela propõe a criação de serviços testáveis, que são serviços com alta testabilidade e que possuem uma interface de teste cujas operações apoiam o teste estrutural. Integradores podem realizar o teste de um serviço testável e obter, sem acessar o código fonte, uma análise de cobertura. Metadados de teste também são fornecidos pelos serviços testáveis para auxiliar integradores na obtenção de uma cobertura estrutural maior. A abordagem também apoia atividades de monitoração ativa de serviços. A abordagem é genérica uma instanciação para apoiar o teste estrutural de serviços e aplicações escritos em Java é apresentada. Estudos de casos e experimentos controlados foram realizados para validar a abordagem instanciada. Os resultados mostram que a abordagem é viável e apresenta bons resultados quando comparada com o uso apenas da técnica funcional / Software oriented computing aims at developing software by the composition of services. It promotes software reuse and the implementation of dynamic, flexible and low coupling applications. Services provide specific business functionalities and are provided as a black-box. The use of services is only possible if the developers of service applications (integrators) trust the third party services. Particularly, testing is one of the solutions to obtain confidence on third party software. However, testers can only use specification based testing techiniques due to unavailability of the source code. In this context, testers cannot use the benefits of combining specification and implementation-based testing techniques. This works aims at proposing an an approach to introduce the structural testing technique in the context of service-based applications, but without revealing the source code. The proposed approach promotes the development of testable services, which are services with high testability and exposes operations through a testing interface to support structural testing. Integrators can test testable services and get, without having access to the source code, a coverage analysis on structural criteria. Test metadata are also provided along with testable services to help integrators on creating more test cases to increase the coverage obtained. The proposed approach is also used to support monitoring activities. The approach is generic and an instantiation is presented to create testable services written in Java. Formal experiments and case studies were conduct to validate the proposed approach and the instantiation. The results provide evidences of the applicability and the benefits of the approach for both testing and monitoring activities when compared to only using the functional approach

Automatic test data generation is a hot topic in recent software testing research. Various techniques have been proposed with different emphases. Among them, most of the methods are based on Genetic Algorithms (GA). However, whether it is the best Metaheuristic method for such a problem remains unclear. In this paper, we choose to use another approach which arms a GA with an intensive local searcher (the so-called Memetic Algorithm (MA) according to the recent terminology). The idea of incorporating local searcher is based on the observations from many real-world programs. It turns out the results outperform many other known Metaheuristic methods so far. We argue the needs of local search for software testing in the discussion of the paper.

Software testing plays a necessary role in software development and maintenance. This activity is performed to support quality assurance. It is very common to design a number of testing suite to test their programs manually for most test engineers. To design test data manually is an expensive and labor-wasting process. Base on this reason, how to generate software test data automatically becomes a hot issue. Most researches usually use the meta-heuristic search methods like genetic algorithm or simulated annealing to gain the test data. In most circumstances, test engineers will generate the test suite first if they have a new program. When they debug or change some code to become a new one, they still design another new test suite to test it. Nearly no people will reserve the first test data and reuse it. In this research, we want to discuss whether it is useful to store the original test data.

No description available.

An experiment replication comparing the performance of traditional structural code testing with inspection meeting preparation using scenario based reading. Original experiment was conducted by Per Runeson and Anneliese Andrews in 2003 at Washington State University. / En experiment-replikering där traditionell strukturell kod-testning jämförs med inspektionsmötesförberedelse användandes scenario-baserad kodläsning. Det ursprungliga experimentet utfördes av Per Runeson och Anneliese Andrews på Washington State University år 2003.

A computação orientada a serviços propõe o desenvolvimento de software por meio da composição de serviços com os objetivos de aumentar o reúso de software e facilitar a criação de aplicações dinâmicas, flexíveis e com baixo acoplamento. O uso de serviços no desenvolvimento de software só é possível se os desenvolvedores de aplicações (integradores) confiarem na qualidade dos serviços oferecidos por terceiros. Uma forma de aumentar a confiança sobre serviços adquirido de terceiros é a realização de testes. Entretanto, o teste de serviços é difícil porque os testadores ficam limitados a usar técnicas de teste baseadas em especificação por causa da indisponibilidade do código fonte. Nesse contexto, os testadores não podem usufruir dos benefícios de combiná-las com técnicas baseadas em implementação, como a técnica estrutural, por exemplo. Uma abordagem para viabilizar o uso da técnica de teste estrutural no contexto de aplicações baseadas em serviços sem expor o código fonte dos serviços é apresentada. Ela propõe a criação de serviços testáveis, que são serviços com alta testabilidade e que possuem uma interface de teste cujas operações apoiam o teste estrutural. Integradores podem realizar o teste de um serviço testável e obter, sem acessar o código fonte, uma análise de cobertura. Metadados de teste também são fornecidos pelos serviços testáveis para auxiliar integradores na obtenção de uma cobertura estrutural maior. A abordagem também apoia atividades de monitoração ativa de serviços. A abordagem é genérica uma instanciação para apoiar o teste estrutural de serviços e aplicações escritos em Java é apresentada. Estudos de casos e experimentos controlados foram realizados para validar a abordagem instanciada. Os resultados mostram que a abordagem é viável e apresenta bons resultados quando comparada com o uso apenas da técnica funcional / Software oriented computing aims at developing software by the composition of services. It promotes software reuse and the implementation of dynamic, flexible and low coupling applications. Services provide specific business functionalities and are provided as a black-box. The use of services is only possible if the developers of service applications (integrators) trust the third party services. Particularly, testing is one of the solutions to obtain confidence on third party software. However, testers can only use specification based testing techiniques due to unavailability of the source code. In this context, testers cannot use the benefits of combining specification and implementation-based testing techniques. This works aims at proposing an an approach to introduce the structural testing technique in the context of service-based applications, but without revealing the source code. The proposed approach promotes the development of testable services, which are services with high testability and exposes operations through a testing interface to support structural testing. Integrators can test testable services and get, without having access to the source code, a coverage analysis on structural criteria. Test metadata are also provided along with testable services to help integrators on creating more test cases to increase the coverage obtained. The proposed approach is also used to support monitoring activities. The approach is generic and an instantiation is presented to create testable services written in Java. Formal experiments and case studies were conduct to validate the proposed approach and the instantiation. The results provide evidences of the applicability and the benefits of the approach for both testing and monitoring activities when compared to only using the functional approach

Standard methods for fire resistance testing require large-scale assemblies and are typically conducted on specialized furnaces at considerable cost. This research focused on developing a scaling methodology for a reduced-scale fire resistance test that reduces the size of the test article while maintaining the same thermal and structural response exhibited in the large-scale test. The developed scaling methodology incorporates uniform geometric scaling, Fourier number time scaling, and furnace boundary condition matching. The scaling laws were experimentally validated with fire exposure tests on gypsum wallboard samples at three scales (full-scale, 1/2-scale, and 1/6-scale). Next, these scaling laws were demonstrated for wood with combined thermo-structural loading. Dimensional lumber boards at ½-scale and ¼-scale were subjected to combined bending and thermal loading. Samples were placed in static three-point bending with the loading scaled to have structural similitude, while simultaneously, the bottom surface was exposed to a scaled fire exposure. Analytical modeling of wood pyrolysis demonstrated that, due to char kinetics as the heating rate is increased in the tests, equivalently less char is formed in the reduced-scale tests. Therefore, we developed a char timescale correction factor, calculated from both model predictions and measured charring rates, which modified the previous Fourier number time scaling laws. Finally, we investigated the effect of multi-orientation materials with a similar set of combined thermo-structural three-point bending tests on plywood samples. The stacking sequence of laminated wood significantly impacts the composite mechanical behavior of the material, especially when scaling down thermo-mechanical tests on plywood. A consequence of the different stacking sequences is that the data from the reduced-scale test cannot be directly scaled to predict the behavior of the larger-scale tests. Thus, modeling becomes essential to extrapolating the data from the reduced-scale test to predict the behavior of the larger-scale test. Reduced cross-sectional area models incorporating classical lamination theory were used to predict the mechanical response of the composite samples as the char front increased. / Doctor of Philosophy / How do we know that a structure will be safe during a fire? The response of structures to fire is typically evaluated using large-scale tests with combined thermo-structural loading: one side of the test sample is exposed to a furnace at standard gas temperatures, while at the same time the sample is loaded with a structural load. Fire resistance testing is essential to evaluating if building components can maintain structural integrity and allow people to egress a building safely during a fire. Standard methods for fire resistance testing require large-scale test samples and are typically conducted on specialized furnaces at national testing facilities at considerable cost. In order to support research and development efforts to design new fire-resistant structures, reduced-scale tests are more desirable because they are cost-effective. However, no reduced-scale test exists to evaluate fire resistance. This research focused on developing a methodology for reducing the size of a test with combined thermo-structural loading. The goal is to have a reduced-scale test that provides insight into the thermal and structural behavior of a similar sample in the large-scale test. The test scaling laws were demonstrated with both experiments and modeling. We developed a small-scale furnace setup to conduct combined thermo-structural tests on samples of different scales. To investigate material type, we tested samples made from gypsum wallboard, dimensional lumber, and plywood. This work will ultimately allow manufacturers to replace costly standard fire resistance tests with reduced-scale versions of these tests during the material screening phase.

no abstract provided by author / Master of Science

Lightweight sandwich composite structures exhibit high strength and bending stiffness and have been used in various load-bearing aerospace structures. A primary weakness of these structures is the low interfacial strength that can result in the disbonding between the facesheet and the core. Through-thickness reinforcement techniques, such as stitching, can be utilized to improve the interfacial strength of sandwich composites. This study focuses on fabrication and structural testing of stitched sandwich composite main landing gear (MLG) strut doors. The MLG strut doors are constructed from carbon fiber non-crimp fabric facesheets and closed-cell foam core that are stitched using a modified lock stitching technique. To assess the effects of stitching, two doors were fabricated, one with and one without through-the-foam stitching. A vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process was used to infuse the doors. The strut doors were subjected to quasi-static loading, and the mechanical responses of the stitched and unstitched strut doors are presented.

Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: see item for full text / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: sien item vir volteks.