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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Rationalization of Racemate Resolution: Predicting Spontaneous Resolution through Crystal Structure Prediction.

Kendrick, John, Gourlay, Matthew D., Leusen, Frank J.J. 14 July 2009 (has links)
No / Crystal structure prediction simulations are reported on 5-hydroxymethyl-2-oxazolidinone and 4-hydroxymethyl-2-oxazolidinone to establish the feasibility of predicting the spontaneous resolution of racemates of small organic molecules. It is assumed that spontaneous resolution occurs when the enantiomorph is more stable than the racemic solid. The starting point is a gas phase conformational search to locate all low-energy conformations. These conformations are used to predict the possible crystal structures of 5- and 4-hydroxymethyl-2-oxazolidinone. In both cases, the racemic crystal structure is predicted to have the lowest energy. The energy differences between the lowest-energy racemic solids and the lowest-energy enantiomorphs are 0.2 kcal mol-1 for 5-hydroxymethyl-2-oxazolidinone and 0.9 kcal mol-1 for 4-hydroxymethyl-2-oxazolidinone. In the case of 4-hydroxymethyl-2-oxazolidinone, where the racemic crystal is known to be more stable and the experimental crystal structures of both the racemate and the enantiomorph are available, the simulation results match the observed data. For 5-hydroxymethyl-2-oxazolidinone, where only enantiopure crystals are observed experimentally, the known experimental structure is found 1.6 kcal mol-1 above the lowest-energy predicted structure. This work shows that it is possible to predict whether the racemate of a small chiral molecule can be resolved spontaneously, although further advances in the accuracy of lattice energy calculations are required.
2

Etude structurale et fonctionnelle de la régulation de la compétence et du processus de transformation chez Streptococcus pneumoniae / Structural and fonctionnal study of the competence regulation and the transformation process on Streptococcus pneumoniae

Sanchez, Dyana 09 October 2015 (has links)
La transformation génétique naturelle contribue au maintien et à l'évolution des génomes bactériens, elle constitue pour les bactéries un mécanisme clé pour s'adapter à l'environnement. Elle permet l'intégration d'ADN exogène au sein du chromosome bactérien par recombinaison homologue lors d'un état physiologique particulier de la bactérie appelé compétence. Mon travail de thèse a porté sur la régulation de la compétence chez S. pneumoniae (ComD, ComE) et sur les interactions entre les protéines impliquées dans la prise en charge, le traitement et la recombinaison de l'ADN transformant (DprA, RecA). Chez cette bactérie, l'entrée en compétence est sous le contrôle du système à deux composantes ComD-ComE qui induit la transcription des gènes cibles. DprA est l'une des protéines surexprimée lors de la compétence, elle est très conservée dans le monde bactérien, et participe à la fermeture de la compétence via une interaction directe avec ComE. DprA est également une protéine centrale de la transformation impliquée dans la protection de l'ADN entrant contre les nucléases, et dans le recrutement de la recombinase RecA. L'analyse par SAXS du complexe ComD-ComE, la résolution de la structure cristallographique des domaines REC de ComE, et l'étude des interaction entre ComE et ses régions promotrices ont permis de mieux comprendre la chorégraphie de l'entrée en compétence de S. pneumoniae. En parallèle, nous avons étudié les interactions de SpDprA avec l'ADN et avec RecA. Ces données nous ont permis de proposer un modèle d'interaction entre DprA et RecA chez S. pneumoniae et de proposer un mécanisme de chargement de RecA sur l'ADNsb par DprA. Je me suis également intéressée à DprA de H. pylori en participant à la résolution de la structure 3D de son domaine C-terminal par RMN et en étudiant son interaction avec l'ADNdb. / The natural genetic transformation contributes to the maintenance and the evolution of the genomes in bacteria; it is a key mechanism to adapt to their environment. It allows the integration of exogenous DNA into the bacterial chromosome by homologous recombination during a particular state called competence.My thesis focused on the regulation of the competence state in S. pneumoniae (ComD, ComE), and on the interactions between the proteins involved in the uptake, the processing and recombination of exogenous DNA (DprA, RecA). In this bacterium, the opening of the competence is under the control of the two-component system ComD-ComE, who induces the transcription of target genes. DprA is one of the protein induced during the competence state, it is very conserved into the bacterial kingdom, and is involved in the closure of competence via direct interaction with ComE. DprA is also a key transformation protein involved in processing the incoming DNA, protection against nucleases, and recruitment of the RecA recombinase. SAXS analysis of the ComD-ComE, resolution of the crystallographic structure of ComE REC domain study of the interactions between ComE and its promoter regions allowed us to understand the choreography of competence opening in S. pneumoniae. Meanwhile, we studied spDprA interactions with DNA and with RecA. These data allowed us to propose an interaction model between DprA and RecA in S. pneumoniae and to propose a mechanism for RecA's loading on the ssDNA by DprA. I focused too on H. pylori DprA participating on the resolution of the 3D structure of the C-terminal domain by NMR and studying its interaction with the dsDNA.

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