Thesis (M.A.)--Guo li zheng zhi da xue, 1981. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 257-272).

published_or_final_version / Asian Studies / Master / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Chinese Historical Studies / Master / Master of Arts

This dissertation explores student environmentalism in Beijing, China. It traces students' political norms and values, explains their activism and experience of pollution, and investigates the role of environmental non-governmental organisation (ENGOs) in forming youth environmentalism. To serve these objectives, the work takes forward theories on youth activism and agency and recent debates on environmental health, environmentalism and ENGOs. This study was designed as a qualitative research project based primarily on interviews and complemented by ethnographic methods, content analysis, pictorial evidence and survey results provided by the Jane Goodall Institute China. Research findings and methodology are presented in four papers and a framing document. My work challenges labels of agency and activism as either protest and resistance or 'quiescence' and questions the influence of globalisation on activists' norms and values. I put forward 'fragmented activism' as a new concept to capture the nature of youth environmental activism in Beijing. I contribute to environmental health literature by tracing how young people develop discursive mechanisms to mitigate the fear of air pollution and argue that their response offers invaluable insights into the interplay between space and the body in polluted environments. This thesis further shows that the repertoire of student environmental associations in Beijing represents a type of 'place based environmentalism' (Smith, 2001) but argues that, whilst this may be a contradictory response to contemporary environmental issues, it is not usefully assessed against abstract and normative notions of what environmentalism should be. I also challenge scholarly assessments of ENGO action. By exploring ENGO strategies in China that rely on extant societal and governmental narratives about good citizenship and moral values - instead of radical alternatives to mainstream development models or political processes - I argue for new research paradigms guiding the study of environmental movements.

林玫芳. / 論文(碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院歷史學部, 1996. / 參考文献 : leaves 164-171. / Lin Meifang. / Chapter 第一部 --- 份抗日戰爭後國共在廣州的佈署 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一章 --- 前言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一節： --- 研究動機 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節： --- 研究回顧及參考資料 --- p.3 / Chapter 第三節： --- 内戰時期廣州學生運動的基本特色 --- p.6 / Chapter 第二章 --- 戰後國共的關係 --- p.9 / Chapter 第一節： --- 對待日本投降問題 --- p.9 / Chapter 第二節： --- 由和談至破裂 --- p.12 / Chapter 第三章 --- 凱旋聲中的廣州 --- p.18 / Chapter 第一節： --- 廣州受降經過 --- p.18 / Chapter 第二節： --- 光復後廣州的情況 --- p.20 / Chapter 第四章 --- 内戰時期中共在廣州的活動 --- p.27 / Chapter 第一節： --- 日本投降後中共在廣州的政策 --- p.27 / Chapter 第二節： --- 中共在廣州的黨組織 --- p.33 / Chapter 第二部 --- 份廣州學生運動（1946 - 1947年） --- p.37 / Chapter 第五章 --- 「一 ´Ø三〇」運動 --- p.37 / Chapter 第一節： --- 一.三〇運動的背景 --- p.37 / Chapter 第二節： --- 運動的醞釀 --- p.44 / Chapter 第三節： --- 運動的經過 --- p.48 / Chapter 第四節： --- 一.三〇運動的迴響 --- p.50 / Chapter 第六章 --- 反美抗暴運動 --- p.76 / Chapter 第一節： --- 運動的醞釀 --- p.76 / Chapter 第二節： --- 遊行的經過 --- p.79 / Chapter 第三節： --- 反美抗暴運動的迴響 --- p.81 / Chapter 第七章 --- 「五´Ø卅一」運動 --- p.85 / Chapter 第一節： --- 運動的醞釀 --- p.85 / Chapter 第二節： --- 運動的經過 --- p.95 / Chapter 第三節： --- 五.卅一運動的迴響 --- p.98 / Chapter 第八章 --- 從廣州學生運動看國共的學運政策 --- p.112 / Chapter 第一節： --- 中共在廣州的學生運動政策 --- p.112 / Chapter 第二節： --- 國民黨在廣州的學生運動政策 --- p.126 / Chapter 第三部 --- 份結論 --- p.141 / Chapter 第九章 --- 廣州學生運動與國共的關係 --- p.141 / 附錄一至十六 --- p.148 / 參考資料、書目及論著 --- p.164 / 圖片 --- p.172

The central argument of this thesis is that a series of China's state policies, before and during the reform era, were conducive to the rise of the 1989 Chinese Student Movement (CSM). The most important of these were (1) leftist policies during Mao's era which fostered the formation of pro-democratic yet impractical intellectuals and created a university ecology that was remarkably conducive to student movements, and (2) the state-led reform which over produced students on the one hand, and blocked upward mobility channels for intellectuals and students on the other hand. These and other conducive factors to the rise of the 1989 CSM were not simply state mistakes. To a large extent, they were characteristic of the regime. / The thesis does not reject non-state centered factors such as anomic feelings toward uncertainties brought by the reform, the conflict between reformers and hardliners within the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the rise of civil society during the eighties, the impact of Western ideologies following the open door policy or the intrinsic character of Chinese culture, that have all been hitherto proposed to explain the rise of the CSM. Rather, it incorporates these explanations under a state-centered paradigm in light of a general model (the DSSI model) that I am proposing to explain the general causes, and to a lesser extent, the dynamics of large scale social movements.

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