No / Two numerical particle models, the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) methods, coupled with a sub-particle scale (SPS) turbulence model, are presented to simulate free surface flows. Both SPH and MPS methods have the advantages in that the governing Navier¿Stokes equations are solved by Lagrangian approach and no grid is needed in the computation. Thus the free surface can be easily and accurately tracked by particles without numerical diffusion. In this paper different particle interaction models for SPH and MPS methods are summarized and compared. The robustness of two models is validated through experimental data of a dam-break flow. In addition, a series of numerical runs are carried out to investigate the order of convergence of the models with regard to the time step and particle spacing. Finally the efficiency of the incorporated SPS model is further demonstrated by the computed turbulence patterns from a breaking wave. It is shown that both SPH and MPS models provide a useful tool for simulating free surface flows

No / The paper presents a 2-D large eddy simulation (LES) modelling approach to investigate the properties of the plunging waves. The numerical model is based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. SPH is a mesh-free Lagrangian particle approach which is capable of tracking the free surfaces of large deformation in an easy and accurate way. The Smagorinsky model is used as the turbulence model due to its simplicity and effectiveness. The proposed 2-D SPH-LES model is applied to a cnoidal wave breaking and plunging over a mild slope. The computations are in good agreement with the documented data. Especially the computed turbulence quantities under the breaking waves agree better with the experiments as compared with the numerical results obtained by using the k- model. The sensitivity analyses of the SPH-LES computations indicate that both the turbulence model and the spatial resolution play an important role in the model predictions and the contributions from the sub-particle scale (SPS) turbulence decrease with the particle size refinement.

Yes / Two numerical particle models, the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) methods, coupled with a sub-particle scale (SPS) turbulence model, are presented to simulate free surface flows. Both SPH and MPS methods have the advantages in that the governing Navier¿Stokes equations are solved by Lagrangian approach and no grid is needed in the computation. Thus the free surface can be easily and accurately tracked by particles without numerical diffusion. In this paper different particle interaction models for SPH and MPS methods are summarized and compared. The robustness of two models is validated through experimental data of a dam-break flow. In addition, a series of numerical runs are carried out to investigate the order of convergence of the models with regard to the time step and particle spacing. Finally the efficiency of the incorporated SPS model is further demonstrated by the computed turbulence patterns from a breaking wave. It is shown that both SPH and MPS models provide a useful tool for simulating free surface flows.