Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 1980. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 78 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-78).

A magnesium-plus-lime coagulation process, incorporating magnesium recovery by sludge carbonation, recently developed for water treatment has been tested for its application to the decolourization of kraft mill effluents. Total bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME), after biological treatment and effluent from the first caustic extraction stage of a conventional bleachery (E₁ or T-20 effluent) were examined in the laboratory. It was shown that a combination of low magnesium and low lime dosages can achieve better decolourization of kraft mill effluents than 3-5 times as much lime alone, (i.e.: 30-60 mg/1 Mg⁺⁺ plus 375-475 mg/1 lime (as Ca0) at pH ≃11.1 for BKME; and 150-300 mg/1 Mg⁺⁺ plus 1875-3750 mg/1 lime (as Ca0) at pH ≃12.1 for T-20 effluent.) Colour removals of 90-95% were achieved using either fresh or recycled magnesium. Results of the study showed that greater than 90% magnesium recovery can be attained by operating the sludge carbonator to a final pH ≃7.5, with complete mixing and a good C02 diffuser system provided. (Key words: magnesium, lime, kraft mill effluent, decolourization, colour removal, Magnesiurn Carbonate Process.) / Applied Science, Faculty of / Civil Engineering, Department of / Graduate

The equilibrium phase diagram for the system sodium sulfate-methanol/water-sulfuric acid at 35° was determined. The nucleation, and growth characteristics of sodium sulfate have been studied in a laboratory scale crystallizer (Mixed Suspension Mixed Product Removal 'MSMPR') under carefully controlled conditions of supersaturation, temperature, agitation rate and residence time. From a statistical analysis of the data it was found that supersaturation, temperature, the interactions of supersaturation with temperature and agitation rate with temperature had positive effects on growth and nucleation rates, while agitation rate, residence time, the interactions of agitation rate with supersaturation, residence time with supersaturation had negative effects on growth and nucleation rates. The 'order' of the nucleation process, b, defined by B = K[sub= N]S[sup= B] was about 5. The growth rate, defined by G = K[sub= G]S[sup= c] Was first order (C = 1). For both processes the activation energy varied from 12 to 15 kcal/mol. The growth process was considered to be surface integration controlled for the various conditions tested. The nucleation rate was considered essentially to be homogeneous nucleation. A non-linear mathematical relationship was developed for both growth rate and nucleation rate in terms of the three factors, temperature, supersaturation and residence time. In both the growth and nucleation rate models the measured data fit poorly. This indicates that the model (a reaction rate type) poorly represents the data for crystallization found in this study. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of / Graduate

Thesis (MScIng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-145).

Thesis (M.S.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-78).

Thesis (Ph.D.) in Chemical Enigneering--University of Maine, 2006. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 189-193).

Thesis (doctoral)--Helsinki University of Technology, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the World Wide Web.

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